Review Article (Tinjauan

Pustaka)
Isnani Azizah Salim Suryono
FKUI Histologi/Med J Indones
6-Oktober-2009
 Why Write/Not Write?1
Reasons why we write Reasons given for not writing
Gain intellectual stimulation Not enough time
Share ideas Nothing to write about
Report research/case No one to work with
Express an opinion Lack of secretarial support
Generate discussion Lack of knowledge how to
Advance ones discipline research info
Assert ownership No mentor for writing
Attain promotion/tenure No motivation
Enhance personal reputation No self confidence
Achieve some immortality Dont know how to start
Earn income Hate writing!

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 Tinjauan Pustaka T.O.R.
Apa itu article review? (What?)
Apa kegunaan menulis Article Review? (Why?)
Who? Siapa yang menulis review article?
Bagaimana mencari topik untuk article
review? (How?)
Cara membuat article review untuk jurnal?
Bagian-bagian
Purpose, Source, Principal findings, Conclusion
Reference: the Vancouver system
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 3
 What?
= an essay:
Has a topic,
A beginning,
Development of theme in a logical manner,
Has an ending.
Original in that they bring new thinking to the
literature.
Provide us with practical insights & offer new
approaches to old problems innovative &
expand medical understanding.
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 4
 What?
Bukan artikel asli/hasil penelitian sendiri.
Merupakan sinopsis/rangkuman berupa
evaluasi kritis atas kepustakaan &
menghasilkan simpulan penting sebagai
jawaban, berdasarkan kajian kritis
tersebut.3
Umumnya ditulis atas permintaan dari
jurnal yang khusus untuk review..
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 5
 Introduction: why?1
Compared to original articles, review articles get
no respect..
Though, many respected academicians write it to:
Assert their claims.
Mark their territory.
Have to be very well written to be able to hold
readers attention should be peer reviewed for
content & carefully edited, so can be easy to
read.
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 6
 Why
Literatur kedokteran saat ini telah
berkembang pesat & berjumlah amat banyak
sehingga para praktisi & peneliti kewalahan
mengikuti perkembangan suatu bidang ilmu
kedokteran.2
Merupakan jenis artikel yang paling banyak
dibaca agar tidak tertinggal dalam topik /
masalah tertentu info harus lengkap &
mutakhir!

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 7
Siapa saja Penulis Review Article?5
Invited Writers...
An expert in the chosen field.
Usually from the Academic rank.
Should be a person with ability to be away
from the normal/routine working
environment, not subject to interruption
frome colleagues, telephoone calls, etc; more
likely with academic position rather than a
busy clinician.
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 8
 Where to send?4
Ke mana suatu Tinjauan Pustaka dikirim?
TP merupakan gagasan & tinjauan dari hasil
karya temuan penelitian yang dimuat dalam
jurnal primer, maka tulisan yang ditujukan
bagi kalangan terpelajar namun bukan ahli
atau spesialis di bidang tulisan tsb, jurnal
sekunder.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08
9
 Jurnal sekunder, apa saja?
Abstracting Journal Berkala penyari: memuat
ringkasan atau abstrak jurnal primer.
Review Journal Berkala tinjauan: memuat
pembahasan berbagai artikel ilmiah sejenis yang
mutakhir, untuk memberi gambaran kemajuan
menyeluruh suatu topik (state or the art)3
Berkala ilmiah yang menerima berbagai jenis
artikel: artikel asli, pilot study, short
communications, laporan kasus, & TP, BMJ,
MJI, MKI d.l.l.
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 10
 Ciri-ciri TP: sesuaikan denga IA.3,4
Panjang, 10-50 halaman cetak.
Subyek lebih bersifat umum.
Umumnya memakai banyak pustaka acuan.
Penyajian bersifat padat & memuat istilah
teknis ilmiah dalam jumlah terbatas &
dilengkapi dengan penjelasan artinya.
Uraian bersifat panjang-lebar, tidak telegrafik.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 11
 Jenis-jenis TP: Periksa IA!
Sesuaikan dengan Instruction to Authors:
Kajian kritis kepustakaan?
Kelengkapan pustaka yang dibahas?
Susunan, gaya, fokus kajian?
Kumpulan bahan & komentarnya, tanpa perlu
mengevaluasi artikel2 yang terbit mengenai
subyek.
Pengertian terbaru dalam bidang yang
berkembang pesat (state of the art).

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 Special types of Review Article:
1. Literature Review
Written to discuss the state of the art. Title often use the
word: literature/review/state of the art of...
Absence of: study of/surveillance of/effects of..
Long list of reference (up to 100 check I.A!).
Purpose:
Summarize a topic as bridge to applied use latest info
for good patient care.
Synthesize knowledge as springboard for future research.
Support academic rigor in a field.
Database for health policy decisions.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 13
 Literature Review, examples1
Diabetic Retinopathy (N Eng J Med 2004;
350: 48-59)
Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease:
Mysteries, Myths, & Misconceptions. (JAMA
2004; 291: 358-64)
Detection, Evaluation, & Treatment of Eating
Disorders: The Role of Primary Care
Physician. (JGIM 2000; 15 (8): 577-82)

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 14
 Special types of Review Article:

2. Meta-Analysis
Combining results of several studies into a summary
conclusion, using quantitative strategies that will
allow consideration of data in diverse res repo.
= a special type of systematic review to answer focused
clinical question (Siwek, 2002 from 1)
= a research study on research studies, calls for
knowledge of statistical methods >> clinician
authors Needs collaboration with co-author
trained in statistical analysis.

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 Meta Analysis, examples
Arterial Puncture Closing Devices compared
with Standard Manual Compression after
Cardiac Catherization: Systematic Review &
Meta-Analysis (JAMA 2004;291:350-357)
Meta-Analysis of Vascular and Neoplastic
Events Associated with Tamoxifen (J Gen
Intern Med 2003;18: 937-947)

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 16
 Special types of Review Article:
Evidence-Based Clinical Review

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 17
 Who Publishes & Reads them?
Publisher:
NEJM Review article
BMJ-USA Reviews
JAMA Clinicians corner: Contempo Updates
Linking Evidence & Experience
The Lancet.
Reader:
Almost all clinicians physicians, scientists, med
students, residents, fellows.
Health policy experts & attorney.
Busy physicians: relax evenings, long plane rides etc

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 18
 Planning a review article.1
Getting started:
Begin with daily job what intrigued us most?
What have I learned in my years of practice, that I
would like to share with m colleagues?
2 phases:
Search PubMed, MDConsult, Google, favorite Web
searching site.
Research phase learn more about topic, decide
whether to write on that topic..

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 19
 Mencari/Memilih topik:
Atas permintaan Pemesan.
Atas tawaran Penulis
Apa yang sedang menarik perhatian ilmiah kita?
Atau bila belum ada wangsit search, browsing,
mendem di perpustakaan, diskusi dengan
sesama ilmiawan, selevel atau di atas kita.
Tentukan rencana judul tulisan kita! Mulai
mengumpulkan informasi buat catatan2
dengan key words, sumber & halamannya.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 20
 Title
Represents the contents of the article
Fewest possible words adequately describing
the content ( 12 kataan!), how?
Omit unnessary words
Preferably written in positive sentences
A label rather than a complete sentence
Avoid abbreviations & acronyms!

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 21
 Abstrak
Amat berbeda dari artikel penelitian,
tidak selalu ada, kecuali atas permintaan jurnal
tujuan Gaya terstruktur (250 kata) atau bebas
(150 kata)
Obyektif: tujuan primer TP & penekanannya (apakah
Penyebab? Diagnosis? Atau prognosis?)
Sumber data: ringkasan sumber, waktu pengambilan
& keterbatasan.
Ekstraksi data: peraturan untuk abstraksi data,
penilaian kualitas & validitas data, & penerapannya.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 22
The review contents: logical order
1. What is the 5. Animal studies
problem? 6. Human studies
2. Historical 7. Discussion
background 8. Conclusions
3. Basic science 9. Recommendations
4. Methodology 10. The future

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 23
 Kerangka TP: Abstrak

Sintesis data: hasil utama dari tinjauan & metoda

yang digunakan dalam mendapatka hasil ybs.
Simpulan: simpulan utama, termasuk
kemungkinan penerapan klinis (hindarkan
generalisasi berlebihan) & anjuran mengenai
penelitian tambahan bila perlu.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 24
 Kerangka TP: Pendahuluan
Menjawab suatu / sejumlah pertanyaan, misalkan:
apa yang kita ketahui & tidak kita ketahui
mengenai ......... (suatu subyek) atau:
apa yang disebut ........... atau
Bagaimana mengobati ......... Yang diakibatkan
oleh.........?

Kalimat-kalimat pertama pada paragraf pertama

harus dibuat sejelas & semenarik mungkin.

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 25
 The ideal review
Should be: Should not be:
Topical Old hat
Up to date A 12 th review out of 11
Balanced others
Accurate A personal view only
Authoritative Anecdotal
Quotable Superficial
Provocative Out of context
A good read Boring

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 References
Each investigation has as its foundation
Work of predecessors in the field.
Back ground knowledge of the published work
is critical for the success & soundness of study,
also credibility of the paper.
Need to have key references!!
Reference should have right balance:
Comprehensive Relevant
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 27
 Search: Index Medicus / Medline
List of printed indexes
Index Medicus
Excerpta Medica
Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts etc
Science Citation Index
Jounals cumulative indexes

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 28
 List of computer databases: > 700
Biosis Biology, incl clinical & experimental med,
immunology, pharmacology, biophysics, &
biochemistry
EMBASE (Excerpta Medica)excludes nursing,
veterinary med, & dentistry, is particularly strong
on drug related literature
Healthnon clinical, administration
IPAdrug development
Toxlinetoxicology, including terratgens,
mutagens, carcinogens, pollutants, & pesticides;
adverse drug reactions
CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 29
Penulisan Kutipan & Daftar Pustaka
Citation & list of Reference Vancouver syst,
Keuntungan:
1. Nas lebih ringkas
2. Penulisan daftar pustaka > ringkas & sederhana
3. Kemungkinan ketidaksesuaian sitasi > sedikit
4. Memudahkan penelusuran pembaca
Kekurangan: bila hendak menyisipkan sitasi baru
artikel yang baru ditemukan..

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 30
 Cara menuliskan referens sistem
Vancouver
Bisa dilihat di Instruction for Authors Med J
Indones
Download website:

CI/rev art/IAS/2008-11-08 31
 References
1. Taylor RB. How to write a review article. In: the clinicians
guide to Medical Writing. Portland, Oregon; Springer.
2005. p.127-41.
2. Huth EJ. How to write & publish papers in the medical
sciences, 2nd ed. Baltimore. Williams Wilkins. 1990
3. Day RA. How to write & publish a scientific paper, 3rd ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press. 1989
4. Rifai MA. Perencanaan Naskah. Dalam: Pegangan gaya
penulisan, penyuntingan & penerbitan karya-ilmiah-
Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 1995
5. Strunin L. How to write a review. In: Hall GM (ed). How to
write a paper. London; BMJ Publishing Group: 1994. 71-7

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