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Introduction
Principle of Operation
Working Fluid for Vapor Absorption Refrigeration
System (VARS)
Some Experimental Results for Different Fluid
Various Designs of VARS
Cost Analysis
Conclusions
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INTRODUCTION
The basic aim of this presentation is to provide basic
background and review existing literatures on VARS.
VARS is also belongs to class of vapor cycle is similar to the
VCRS.
However, in VCRS mechanical work is required as input so it is
called work operated cycle and unlike VCRS the required input in
VARS is low grade thermal energy so, called heat operated cycle.
VARS is heat operated system then waste industrial heat or solar
such as green house effect from CO2 emission from the utility
plant.
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INTRODUCTION cond..
COPVCRA =
COPVARS = =
Since VARS uses heat energy its COP is much smaller then VCRS.
Comparing of system is not fully justify by only COP as mechanical
COPideal VARS = = =
Thus COP of ideal VARS increases as:
1.Evaporator temperature increases
2.Generator temperature increases
3.Heat sink (absorber + condenser) temperature decreases.
The COP of actual VARS is much smaller than ideal because of
irreversibilities.
Working Fluid for Vapor Absorption
Refrigeration System (VARS)
Properties of Working Fluid (Refrigerant
Absorbent System):
1.Low viscosity to minimize pump work.
2.Low freezing point by which we can maintain the low evaporator
temperature.
3.Thermal stability.
4.Irreversible chemical reaction of all kinds, such as
decomposition, polymerization, corrosion, etc. Are to be avoided.
5.It must be completely miscible both in liquid as well as in
vapour as well as in vapour phase.
In addition to above, two main thermodynamic requirements of
From fig. 1 NH3 and LiNO3 cycle a lower generators temperature can
be used than for the others this is an important point for utilizing
solar energy.
Fig. 3 Comparison of the effect of Fig. 4 Comparison of the effect of
COP values on evaporator circulation ratio values on
temperatures evaporator temperatures
From fig. 3 NH3-NaSCN cycle gives better performance for lower temp
and for higher temperature performance of NH3-H2O cycle is better.
Circulation ratio is greater for NH -NaSCN cycle.
3
But we can not use NH -NaSCN below -10oc because of crystallization.
3
Fig. 5 Comparison of the effect of Fig. 6 Comparison of the effect of
COP values on condenser circulation ratio values on condenser
temperatures temperatures
Increasing condenser temperatures cause a decrease in system
performance.
From 20oc to 40oc NH -NaSCN and NH -LiNO cycles show better
3 3 3
performance. For low condenser temperature NH3-NaSCN has highest
COP and for high condenser temp. NH3-LiNO3 has high COP.
Fig. 7 Comparison of the effect of Fig. 8 Comparison of the effect of
COP values on absorber circulation ratio values on absorber
temperatures temperatures
The effect of absorber temperature is similar to that of condenser
temperature.
From the above discussion we can see that NH -NaSCN and NH -LiNO
3 3 3
is suitable alternative for NH3-H2O. And also no analyser and rectifier are
needed.
Fig. 9 Variation of the
COP with generator
temperature, tg, for
evaporator temperature
of -5C and cooling
water temperature of
25C
water/NH3 and LiBr/water. The NH3 system is driven by heat obtained from
an external heat source. The heat reject from its absorber and condenser is
used as a driving heat for the LiBr/water system.
Fig. 14 A combined ejector/absorption proposed by Aphornratana and Eames [92],
was invented. High pressure refrigerant vapor from the generator enters the ejector
as motive fluid to carry the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator.
This cycle is a combined cycle between a steam jet heat pump and
a single-effect absorption cycle.
A steam jet system is used as an internal heat pump, which was
used to recover rejected heat during the condensation of the
refrigerant vapor from a single-effect absorption cycle.
The heat pump supplies heat to the generator of an absorption
system.
The refrigerant vapor generated from the generator is
generator.
Through out the system total pressure is constant (20.33 bar).
Fig. 18 Chillers and auxiliary equipment costs - electric and absorption (Means,
1996).
presents some more general cost information on large tonnage
(>100 tons) cooling equipment for space conditioning
applications.
To our knowledge, there is only one company (Yazaki,undated)
currently manufacturing small tonnage (<20 tons) lithium bromide
refrigeration equipment.
Currently, units are available in 1.3, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, and 10 ton capacities.