Solid Waste Management

SOLID WASTE
Solid Waste (MSW) comprises of various components such as food
wastes, rubbish, ashes and residues, demolition and construction
wastes, special wastes and treatment-plant wastes
 Sources(Causes) of Municipal Solid Waste

1. Residential: Food wastes, rubbish and ashes are generated in single family
and multi-family dwellings or high-rise apartments
2. Commercial: Food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction
wastes from stores, restaurants, markets, office buildings, hotels and many
such commercial places
3. Open areas: Rubbish and special wastes from streets, parks, vacant lots,
playgrounds etc.
4. Treatment Plant Sites: The wastes are principally composed of residual
sludge that is generated from various water, wastewater and industrial
treatment processes
 Effects of Municipal Solid Waste

1. Waste Accumulation on the land

2. Offensive ambient odour
3. Epidemic issues
4. Leachate generation and soil pollution
5. Increasing complexity in the management of waste
 BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Biomedical Wastes are the wastes that are generated directly or
indirectly due to medical reasons.

generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of

human beings or animals or in research activities related to the
production or testing of biologicals
 Sources of Biomedical Waste

1. Hospitals
2. Dispensaries
3. Medical Stores
 Effects of Biomedical Waste

1. Improper management may lead to possibility of spreading of contagious

diseases and infections
2. Improper disposal of expired or unused medicines may lead to pollution in
soil or water resources
3. In cases of biomedical wastes containing blood corpuscles may even lead to
serious cases like AIDS
4. Chocking of drains by solid wastes result in water logging results in breeding
of mosquitoes in stagnant water
 HAZARDOUS WASTE
Wastes that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a
period of time to human, plant, or animal life are classified as
hazardous wastes
A waste is classified as hazardous if it exhibits any of the
following characteristics
1. Ignitability
2. Corrosivity
3. Reactivity
4. Toxicity
 Sources of Hazardous Waste

1. Caustic or acidic cleaning solutions, laboratory chemicals, rust removers,

drain cleaners, battery acids, and water treatment chemicals
2. Bleach, dry picric acid, peroxidizable compounds, and alkaline metals such
as sodium or potassium
3. Pesticides and cleaners
 Effects of Hazardous Waste

1. Ignitable hazardous wastes can cause fire problems and lead to life safety
issues
2. Corrosive hazardous wastes can corrode the metals, thereby forming
compounds that adversely affects the materials
3. Reactive hazardous wastes have adverse effects as they react with other
substances to form compounds that are harmful to human as well as
environmental health
4. Toxic hazardous wastes, as the name suggests, are toxic to human and
environmental health, thereby affecting the environment
Control measures of Urban and
Industrial wastes
Solid waste management involving many activities.
Collection of solid waste
(a)Community storage point
(b)Kerbside collection

Disposal of solid waste:

Compacting : to reduce volume of waste
Incineration: thermal volume reduction
Manual component separation: manual sorting