Hydraulics Assignment 2

Group 1 members:
Vannlydeth Chen
Sokanha Ly
Lyhour Huon
Sokleng Sao
Sreynoch Tha
1. The system shown in Figure below has a specific discharge of 3 m2/s. The depth, ,
upstream of the sluice gate is 2 meters.

A sluice gate introduced to a flow imposes subcritical flow upstream of the gate and
supercritical flow downstream of the gate. Depths and make up an alternate depth pair.
Determine: a. The upstream Froude number, b. The specific energy upstream of the sluice
gate, c. The downstream depth, d. The downstream specific energy, .e. The downstream
Froude number, .
Answer:
Determine:
a. The upstream Froude number
V q 3
Fr1 1 0.338
gy1 h gy1 2 9.81 2
b. The specific energy upstream of the sluice gate
From the graph given: Es1 2.11m
q2 32
Es y1 2 2.11m
2gh 2
2 9.81 2 2

c. The downstream depth

From the graph given: y2 0.58 m
d. The downstream specific energy
From the graph given: Es 2 2.11m
e. The downstream Froude number
Continuity Equation:
y1V1 y1q
y1V1 y2V2 V2
y2 y2 h
V2 y1q 23
Fr2 2.16
gy2 y2 h gy2 0.58 2 9.81 0.58
2 Show that the critical depth y c is related to alternate depths y1 and y 2 in a rectangular
1.
channel by the equation:
1/ 3
2 y12 y 22
y c =
y
1 + y 2

Solution: q2
And,yc = 3

V12 V22 g
y1 + = y2 +
2g 2g yc3 yc3
y1 + 2 = y2 + 2
since, 2 y1 2 y2
Q = V1 A1 = V2 A2 2 y13 y22 + y22 yc3 = 2 y12 y23 + y12 yc3
Q qB q y22 yc3 - y12 yc3 = 2 y12 y23 - 2 y13 y22
1 A = By = y
V =

1 1 1 ( )
yc3 y22 - y12 = 2 y12 y22 ( y2 - y1 )
V = Q = qB = q 2 y12 y22 ( y2 - y1 )
2 A2 By2 y2 yc3 =
(y 2
- y1 ) ( y2 + y1 )
1 q2 1 q2 1
y1 + 2
= y1 + 2y y
2g y22
2 2 3
2g y1 yc =
1 2

y1 + y2
3. A rectangular channel 5 m wide carries a discharge of 25 m3 /s.
The observed velocity at a particular point in the channel is 2.5 m/s.
a. What is the specific energy of the flow at this point?
b. What are the alternate depth at this point?
c. What is the critical depth in the channel?

a. the specific energy of the flow

Q 25 m3 /s, V 2.5 m/s, b 5 m
Q 25
A 10 m 2
V 2.5
A b y 5 y 10
y2m
V2 2.52
Specific energy ES y 2 2.32 m
2g 2 9.8

b. alternate depth c. The critical depth in the channel

q2
Q / b 25 / 5
1.276 2 2
ES y y 2.32 q2
2 gy 2 y2 yc 3 3 3 1.367 m
g g 9.8
y 0.974 m
4. A vertical sluice gate with an opening of a = 0.7 m produces a
downstream jet depth of 2 = 0.43 m when installed in a long rectangular
channel 6 m wide conveying a steady discharge of 25 3 /. Assuming that
the flow downstream of the gate eventually returns to the uniform flow depth
of = 2.8 (See figure below).

a. Verify that a hydraulic jump occurs.

b. Calculate the head loss associated with the jump.
c. If the head loss through the gate is () = 0.052 2 /2, calculate
the depth upstream of the gate
a.Verify that a hydraulic jump occurs.
Hydraulic jump occurs when the flow changes from supercritical
(Fr > 1) to subcritical flow (Fr < 1).
For supercritical flow (region 2)
V
Fr 2
g 2 h2
Q1 Q2 Qs 25m3 /s
25 25
V2 A2 25 V2 9.7 m/s
y2 6 0.43 6
g 2 9.81m/s2
h2 y2 0.43m
9.7
Fr 2.3
9.81 0.43
For subcritical flow (region s )
V
Fr s
g s hs
25
Vs 1.48 m/s
2.8 6
g s 9.81 m/s2
hs ys 2.8 m
1.48
Fr 0.054
9.81 2.8
We can see the flow change from supercritical to subcritical flow.
So hydraulic jump occurs.
b. Head loss associated with the jump
Energy loss in hydraulic jump per unit weight of water is
y s y2 2.8 0.43
3 3

E 2.76 m
4 y s y2 4 2.8 0.43
c. Depth upstream of the gate
Head loss formula is
V12 V2 2
hL y1 y2 25
2
2g 1
y1 0.43 1.05 9.7
2

0.05V2 2 V12 V2 2 2 9.81 1
6 y
y1 y2
2g 2g
0.885
V12 V2 2 0.05V2 2 y1 0.43 5.287
y1 y2 y12
2g 2g
0.885
y1 5.717
y1 y2
1
2g
0.05V2 2 V12 V2 2 y12
y13 5.717 y12 0.885
y1 y2
1
1.05V2 2 V12
2g y13 5.717 y12 0.885 0
However, Q1 Q2 Qs VA 25m 3 /s y1 0.38 m
V1 A1 V2 A2 25
y1 0.4
25 25
V1 y1 =5.67 m
A1 6 y1
The acceptable answer is y1 5.67 m