This is more accurate method than ammeter-

voltmeter method. This method is not widely used

for simple resistance measurements and is used in
a modified form for the measurement of high
resistances. The substitution principle, however, is
very important and finds many applications in
bridge methods and in high frequency a.c
measurements.
r is the regulating resistance and S is the
resistance under measurement R is the standard
calibrated variable resistence.
The value of S is measured from the calibrated
scale.
 V
Reading of ammeter = Rg + R = I

V
I = Rg + S
 Set up a slidewire bridge circuit as shown in Figure
2. The wires connecting the resistances and the bridge
should be as short as practically possible. Use a decade
box with a known resistance as R1. This should be set
to a value about equal to
R2 . You can test this value by changing the decade
box resistance and testing the bridge balance point
until it is near the center of the bridge.
Contact is made to the wire by sliding contact key C.
Do not slide the key along the wire while it is pressed
down. This will scrape the wire causing it to be
nonuniform.
Have the instructor check your wiring before activating
the circuit. Activate the circuit by closing the switch S,
and balance the bridge by moving the slide wire
contact. Open the switch and record R1, L1, and L2.
Leave the switch open unless actually making
measurements.
 VAB = VBC
I1 P = I2 R ..1
and VAD = VCD
I3 Q = I4 S
I1 Q = I2 S 2
Divinding Equation 1 by Equation 2
I1P = I2R
I1 Q I2 S
P = R
Q S R

R = P/Q .S
 Direct Deflection Method:
 The figure shows the measurement of high
resistance using direct deflection method. For
measurement of high resistance such as insulation
resistance of cables, a sensitive galvanometer of d
Arsonval type is used in place of the micro
ammeter. In fact many sensitive type of
galvanometers can detect currents from 0.1-
1nA.therefore, with an applied voltage of 1kV,
resistance as high as 10^12 to 10*10^12 can be
measured.
The first figure shows the direct deflection method
for measurement of high resistance having metallic
sheath. The galvanometer G shows the current
between the conductor and the metallic sheath.
The leakage current is carried by the guard wire
wound on the insulation and therefore does not
flow through the galvanometer as shown in figure.
 The insulation resistance of the cable is given by,
R= V/IR
In tests on cable the galvanometer should be
short-circuited before applying the voltage. The
short-circuiting connection is removed only after
sufficient time is elapsed so that charging and
absorption currents cases to flow. The
galvanometer should be well shunted during the
early stages of measurement, and it is normally
desirable to influence a protective series resistance
(of several megaohm) in the galvanometer circuit.
The value of this resistance should be subtracted
from the observed resistance value in order to
determine the true resistance. A high voltage
battery of 500V emf is required and its emf should
remain constant throughout the test.