Transformer Construction

ECE 441 1
Three-Phase Transformer

ECE 441 2
Transformer Action -- DC

ECE 441 3
 d d
e1 N 1 e2 N 2
dt dt
Opposes battery voltage Opposes flux buildup

ECE 441 4
Transformer Action -- AC

ECE 441 5
EP 4.44 N P f max ES 4.44 N S f max

Opposes VT Opposes M
EP 4.44 N P f max N P

ES 4.44 N S f max N S
ECE 441 6
No-Load Condition

ECE 441 7
 No load condition continued

Io = Ife + IM
Io = exciting current
Io provides the magnetizing flux and the core loss
Ife = core-loss current Ife = VT / Rfe
IM = magnetizing current IM = VT / jXM
ECE 441 8
 IO I fe I M
N P IO N P I fe N P I M

No-Load Excitation mmf

Magnetizing mmf

No-Load Core Loss mmf

NP IM
M
Rcore
ECE 441 9
VT I P RP EP
VT EP
IP IO
RP

ECE 441 10
 Close the load switch

Secondary current will set up an mmf in OPPOSITION

to the primary mmf. The core flux will DECREASE to
N P iM N S iS
M
Rcore
ECE 441 11
The decrease in flux causes a decrease in the
counter-emf EP, and the primary current will increase
by an amount known as IP,load, the load component
of the primary current. Additional mmf due to this
current adds to the magnetizing flux.

ECE 441 12
 N PiM N PiP,load N S iS
M
Rcore
Primary current increases until NPIP,load = NSIS.
The flux M and primary emf EP return to the
same values as before the switch was closed.
ECE 441 13
Final steady state primary current under
loaded conditions is

I P I fe I M I P ,load
I P I 0 I P ,load
ECE 441 14
Component Fluxes Loaded Transformer

ECE 441 15
P = net flux in window of primary S = net flux in window of secondary
lp = leakage flux of primary ls = leakage flux of secondary
M = mutual flux
P = M + lp
S = M ls
ECE 441 16