Or called Polyalkynoate cements, alumino

silicate poly acrylate cement.

Termed as GIC since powder is glass and
setting and bonding reaction involves ionic
bonding.
GIC are tooth colored, adhesive, restorative
material used for restoration of eroded areas.

Recently cement has improved 10 folds and

become multipurpose cement.
This cement combines the properties of silicate
and polycarboxylate cements.
 GIC was prepared by Dr. Wilson and Dr. Kent
in 1972 and first clinical use was reported by
Dr. Mclean and Dr. Wilson in 1975.
 Type I- luting cements
Type II- restorative cements
Type III-cavity liners, bases
Type IV-Pit and fissure sealants
TYPE V- ORTHODONTIC BANDS
TYPE VI- CORE BUILD UP
Metal modified GIC
- silver alloy admix or miracle mix cement
- glass cermet cement [ketac silver]
Resin modified GIC- compomer, dicure, tricure
systems.
Fuji VII [ Excellent material for prevention of caries,
the worlds first high fluoride non resin containing
auto cure GIC]
 FujiVIII & IX [ high viscosity GIC used for
atraumatic restorative materials (ART)]

Powder liquid system

Single component system [distilled water]
Preproportioned capsules
POWDER
INGREDIENTS % FUNCTIONS
Silica 29 does not take part
in the reaction but
increases hardness
and translucency.
Alumina [Al2O3 ] 16.5 reacts with polyacrylic
acid to give aluminum
polyacrylate matrix.
Aluminium phosphate 9.9 controls the setting
time
Aluminium fluoride 7.3 a) act as flux and
reduces fusion
Calcium fluoride 34.3 temperature.

Sodium fluoride 3 b) improves the

working characterstics
LIQUID
- Aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid 40-50 %
- Itaconic acid increase reactivity of the
maleic or liquid, increases viscosity,
tricarboxylic acid reduces tendency for
gelation
- Tartaric acid improves handling
characterstics,
increases working time,
decreases setting time.

MANUFACTURING OF POWDER [FRITTING]

Ingredients of powder are fused at 1000 degree
C to 1500 degree C and then fused mass is
immersed into water.
- This sudden cooling produces cracks which
facilitates later grinding of the powder
 Polyacrylic acid with co-polymers may be
freeze, dried and mixed with glass ionomer
powder.
Liquid is either distilled water or aqueous
solution of tartaric acid.
When the above blended powder is mixed
with water, it goes into solution to
reconstitute and setting reaction proceeds in
the same manner as for conventional powder
liquid system.
ADVANTAGE:-
Development of very low viscosity in early
stages of mixing and rapid set at mouth
temperature.
These cements are stronger and longer shelf
life
 Powder + liquid
acid etches the surface of
glass particles

Ca , Al, Na, F ions leached into the aqueous

medium.
- Polyacrylic acid chain crosslinked by Ca ions
that are replaced by AL ions within next 24
hrs.
 During the early stages of mixing Calcium ions
are released more rapidly and reacts with
polyacids to form calcium polysalt gel [initial set]
This calcium polyacrylate has the porperties of
being carvable like amalgam.
At this stage mix is highly susceptible to
moisture contamination or water sorption.

- If water comes in contact with this surface

before hardening the Ca & Al cements forming
ions will be washed out and lost for cement
formation.
 The damage is permanent and water will be
absorbed, the cement will lose its translucency and
the weakened surface is formed [low strength]
which can get eroded easily.
Na and Fl ions do not participate in crosslinking of
cement.
Some Na ions may replaced the H ion of carboxylic
group and remaining ions are dispersed uniformly
in the set cement along with fluoride ion.

Cross linked phase become hydrated over the time

with the same water used for mixing, process is
known as MATURATION.
 A hard surface that is more resistant to
dissolution is produced only after the
aluminium polyacid is formed. At least 30 min
is required to reach this stage.
- Therefore a protective coating of varnish or
cocoa- butter is applied on the surface to
protect the restoration from moisture
contamination.
IN SIMPLE WAY,
There are three stages of SETTING REACTION:
Dissolution
Gelation

Hardening.
Polyacid liquid

Hydrogen ions

Ca2+

Al3+
Glass core

F-
Silica gel
 iPolyacid liquid

Ca2+ -COOH

Al3+
Cross-linked
polyacid
F-
 GELATION

Calcium ions have more reactivity than

aluminium ions.
 Polyacid liquid

Al3+ -COOH

Cross-linked
polyacid
 HARDENING

Last as long as 7 days.

The reaction of aluminium ions provides the final
strength of set cement.
 Set cement is an agglomeration of unreacted
powder particles surrounded by a silica gel in
an amorphous matrix of hydrated Ca & Al
polysalts.
Glass
core

Cross-linked polyacid
Silica gel
 Provides for ion transport needed for the acid
base setting reaction and fluoride release.
Serves as reaction medium initially and then
slowly hydrates the cross-linked matrix
thereby increases the material strength.

Water present in GIC can be termed as-

Loosely bound water
Tightly bound water
 During the initial reaction period, water
present in the cement can be easily removed
by desiccation, termed as loosely bound
water.
In case freshly mixed cement is isolated from
the air the loosely bound water will slowly
become tightly bound water overtime, leads
to cement which is stronger and less
susceptible to moisture.
BONDING REACTION TO TOOTH ENAMEL AND
DENTIN- same as zinc polycarboxylate
cement