Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Definirea
afectiunilor
Explicarea
caracterului
criptogenetic,
Caracterizarea
morfopatologica,
Conturarea
elementelor
diagnostice
specifice
Principiile si
mijloacele
terapeutice.
STRUCTURA CURSULUI
Diagnostic:
Tratament:
clinic,
Definitie Epidemiologie Etiopatogenie Morfopatologie medical,
paraclinic,
chirurgical.
diferential
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
DEFINITIE:
Afectiune
inflamatorie care
Distributia este Lockhart
intereseaza
segmentara, Boala descrisa in Mummery si
ileonul terminal,
DEFINITIE: zone bolnave 1932 de Burril Morson descriu
colonul si rectul.
alternand cu Crohn boala Crohn cu
Sunt interesate
zone sanatoase. localizare colica.
toate tunicile
intestinului.
CROHN-RECTOCOLITA
CAUZA RECTOCOLITEI
HEMORAGICE ESTE NECUNOSCUTA
EPIDEMIOLOGIE:
Frecventa 3,3-14,3/100000 locuitori
Frecventa:
in zonele temperate
la populatiile caucaziene
in Europa, America de Nord si zona sudica a Asiei
maxima intre 15-40 ani
mai mare la barbati
BOALA CROHN
EPIDEMIOLOGIE:
Frecventa:
- 2 8,8/100000 locuitori
crescuta in tarile dezvoltate si zonele nordice
frecventa predominanta la adultul tanar (30-40 ani)
Distributia pe sexe: - egala
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
ETIOPATOGENIE:
Factori genetici:
frecventa mai mare la rudele pacientilor cu aceasta afectiune
Se incrimineaza variatii ale genelor reparatoare ale ADN si
complexul genelor de histocompatibilitate din clasa II.
Prezenta genelor alele DR 1501 este asociata cu forme blande ale boii
iar prezenta genelor alele DR 1502 cu forme agresive ale acesteia.
Mecanisme imune:
anticorpi circulanti fata de celulele epiteliale ale mucoasei sau fata de
anumite bacterii
sensibilitate locala la antigene alimentare
BOALA CROHN
ETIOPATOGENIE: obscura
Ipoteze: - afectare ganglionara
- predispozitie constitutionala
- tulburari psihosomatice
- factori infectiosi
- modificari imunologice
- factori genetici (cromozomul 6)
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
TABLOU CLINIC:
Diareea sanghinolenta
Tenesme
MANIFESTARI EXTARINTESTINALE
NESPECIFICE: colangita sclerozanta
Eritemul nodos
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Ulceratii aftoase in cavitatea bucala sau vagin
Irita
Artrita in articulatiile mari
SIMPTOME DE DEBUT:
Diareea:
lichida si gleroasa
uneori hemoragica
survine atat ziua cat si noaptea
Durerile abdominale:
Balonari
Episoade de subocluzie
BOALA CROHN
BOALA CROHN
Examen obiectiv
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
Sharp
demarcation
between
normal
mucosa and
colitis in the
splenic
flexure all
suggestive of
ulcerative
colitis
Deeper
ulcers
Practically
all mucosa
is ulcerated,
only some
islands of
mucosa
remain
In the
rectum the
ulcers are
deeper but
less
extensive
The colitis
extends to
the linea
innominata
(the skin)
In this stage
it is hard to
distinguish
between
ulcerative
colitis and
Crohns
disease
The coecum
in a case of
ulcerative
colitis in
remission
for some
years,
541-551
Scarring
and chaotic
vascular
pattern in
area of
healed
colitis in the
left
transverse
colon
The same
area 5 years
later, looks
rather un-
pleasant,
biopsies
negative for
dysplasia
The same
area one
year later
looking
very
suspicious
After 4
months of
steroid
treatment
indolent
ulcers and
mucosal
bridges
Pseudo-
polyps and
areas of
normal or
healed
mucosa
Mucosal
bridges and
strictures
The rectal
ampulla is
inflamed
but
relatively
spared,
final
diagnosis:
Crohns
colitis
Another year
later, the
pathologist
now diagnoses
cancer
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
BOALA CROHN
The rectal
ampulla is
inflamed
but
relatively
spared,
final
diagnosis:
Crohns
colitis
The ulcers
become
deeper and
adopt a
linear
pattern
Small area
of normal
mucosa
3 years later,
the patient
has
undergone an
ileo-rectal
anastomosis,
clear
ulceration of
the ileum
The ileo-
rectal
anastomosis
The rectum
now looks
relatively
quiet
Another 4
years later ,
increased
ulceration of
the ileum
The rectum
still looks
fairly good
Coecum in
patient with
Crohn's
disease
showing
fistulas and
pseudo-
polyps
586-588
Deep ulcer
developing
into a
fistula?
Injecting
contrast to
chart the
fistula
radio-
graphically
A re-
epithelialised
fistula in
Crohns
disease
The patient
had been
taking her
medicines
(Pentasa)
Classic
Crohns
colitis of the
right colon,
with areas
of
ulceration
and
relatively
normal
mucosa,
595-600
Massive
pseudo-
polyposis
with slight
ulceration
in Crohns
colitis
Note the
punched
out ulcers
and
relatively
normal
mucosa
between the
ulcers,
different-
ation from
Crohns
disease is
very
difficult.
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROSA
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
EXAMEN RADIOLOGIC:
Radiografia abdominala:
dilatatie colica peste 7 cm
DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIAL:
TRATAMENTUL MEDICAL:
Corticoterapie: prednisolon (oral, spumant, clistir)
Sulfasalazina
Mesalazina 5 ASA (Pentasa)
Olsalazina
6-Mercaptopurina (imunomodelator)
Ciclosporina
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
TRATAMENT CHIRURGICAL:
Panproctocolectomie plus ileostomie terminala
Panproctocolectomia plus rezervor continent tip
Kock
Proctocolectomia restaurativa (utilizand
rezervoare ileale: J, S,W)
Colectomie totala plus anstomoza ileorectala in
caz de afectare rectala redusa
Colectomie subtotala plus ileostomie si
sigmoidostomie in caz de megacolon toxic
RECTOCOLITA ULCEROASA
BOALA CROHN
TRATAMENT CHIRURGICAL:
Indicatii:
- Formele complicate
Dupa 15 ani de evolutie a bolii 95% din pacienti ajung sa fie operati
BOALA CROHN
Starea mucoasei puin afectat dar indirect implicat datorit leziuni primordiale foarte intense, abraziune, necroz
celorlalte leziuni
Ulceraiile adesea profunde, largi, neregulate frecvente microulceraii confluente
Fisurile profunde, transfixiante sau n cravas i mult mai rare, superficiale, niciodat profunde
ordonate
Aspectul de pietre de pavaj prezent, cu imagine n in, foarte n principiu absent dar confundabil cu aspectul
caracteristic dar nu constant pseudopolipilor
Pseudopolipii inflamatori foarte rari i n numr mic cnd exist clasici, caracteristici, numeroi dar nu constani
Fistulele oarbe clasice, caracteristice absente
Abcese intramurale o prezen comun excepionale
Extensia leziunilor fie pe o distan foarte scurt, fie pe una medie
foarte lung
Malignizarea cnd apare este vorba de o coinciden i clasic, cu punct de plecare leziunile mucoase
survine pe o zon anterior indemn
Histopatologia
II
1. Funariu Gh Chirurgie abdominala, ed.Dacia 2002
III
1. Florescu P., Note de curs, 2005
2. Pop C.E. NOTE DE CURS 2010
IV
1. W/W/W/. WEB SURG.com
2. Vesalius
Ce trebuie sa stiti obligator
Ce treuie sa intelegeti
Sa formulati
suspiciunea de
boala
Crohn/rectocolita
hemoragica