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REVERSIBLE PROCESSES
1.Isobaric (P = const)
2.Isothermal (PV = const)
3.Adiabatic (PVg = const)
4.Isochoric (V = const)
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CARNOT CYCLE
1. ab isothermal expansion
2. bc adiabatic expansion
3. cd isothermal compression
4. da adiabatic compression
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4 3 3
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CARNOT EFFICIENCY
1 to 2, isothermal expansion, U12 = 0
QH = Q12 = W12 = PdV = mRTHln(V2/V1) (1)
2 to 3, adiabatic expansion, Q23 = 0
(TL/TH) = (V2/V3)k-1 (2)
3 to 4, isothermal compression, U34 = 0
QL = Q34 = W34 = - mRTLln(V4/V3) (3)
4 to 1, adiabatic compression, Q41 = 0
(TL/TH) = (V1/V4)k-1 (4)
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CARNOT THEOREM
Carnot theorem states that -
No engine operating between two reservoirs can be more
efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same
two reservoirs.
Every Carnot engine between a pair of heat reservoirs is
equally efficient, regardless of the working substance
employed or the operation details.