Hazard Identification

& Risk Assessment

(OHSAS 18001:2007)

Training Course
Course Administration
 SESSION - 1

INTRODUCTION
EXERCISE - 1

ICE BREAKER
Time Required: 15 Minutes
Go to manual page no. 10
 COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course is designed to:
Develop skills for identification Occupational Hazards
and assessment of risk
WHY OHSMS?
 Suggested integration of processes

Business Process

OHS

Core process

Environment
 Session 2
Introduction
of
OHSAS 18001
What is Occupational Health &
Safety Management System?
 DEFINITIONS

Occupational Health & Safety

Conditions and factor that affect or could affect,
health & safety of employees or other workers
(Including temporary workers and contractor
personnel), visitors or any other person in the
workplace

Note organisations can be subject to legal requirements for

the health and safety of persons beyond the immediate the
workplace, or who are exposed to workplace activities
 Session 3
Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)

The process steps:

Hazard Identification Risk assessment Determination
of controls
 DEFINITIONS

Hazard

Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm

in terms of human injury or ill health (3.8), or a
combination of these.
 DEFINITIONS

Risk

combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of

a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the
severity of injury or ill health (3.8) that may be
caused by the event or exposure(s).
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

hazard
Activity Risk
 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Physical injury (cuts, burns)

Chemical injury (spill on body)
Toxicological (fumes)
Electrical (shock)
Ergonomical (back pain)
Illumination related (eyesight)
Fire hazards
 OH&S Hazards

Normal/ Abnormal/ Emergency

Routine/non-routine
Expansion, contraction, restructuring
Changes to methods
Proactive & not reactive
Keeping up-to-date information
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

Activity Risk
Hazard

Material Physical injury due to Fatality

Handling falling of material
Damage to body

Tolerable?
 SIGNIFICANT RISK

Purpose of assigning significancy :

Provides focus
Helps to assign objectives
Determines scope of OHSMS
Control/Monitoring Requirements
Training Requirements
Communications
Use in auditing
Use in management review
 RISK EVALUATION

Clearly defined hazard

Magnitude of risk
Where originating
Risk on what
Proactive or reactive
Controls present
Monitoring performed
 SIGNIFICANT RISKS

Assigning significancy is:

an internal company activity

not a comparison against the size of another
organization's similar hazard or risk
based on internally defined and documented
criteria
based on a consistent application of those
criteria
 SIGNIFICANCY SCREENING

Likely 3 6 9

Unlikely 2 4 6

Highly Unlikely 1 2 3

Prob. Low Medium High

Severity
 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining controls

Establish and Maintain Procedures for :

Identification of Hazards
Assessment of Risks &
Implementation of Necessary Control Measures.

The Procedure Should Include

a)Routine and Non Routine Activities
b) activities of all persons having access to the workplace
(including contractors and visitors);
c) human behaviour, capabilities and other human
factors;
 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining controls

d) Identified hazards originating outside the workplace

capable of adversely affecting the health and safety of
persons under the control of the organization within the
workplace

e) Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplaces by

work related activities under the control of the
organization.

Note: It may be more appropriate for such hazards to be

assessed as an environmental aspect.
 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining controls

h) modifications to the OH&S management system, including

temporary changes, and their impacts on operations,
processes, and activities.

i) any applicable legal obligations relating to risk

assessment and implementation of necessary controls

j) the design of work areas, processes, installations,

machinery/equipment, operating procedures and work
organization, including their adaptation to human
capabilities
 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk
assessment and determining controls

The methodology for Hazard Identification & Risk

Assessment shall include :

When determining controls, or considering changes to

existing controls, consideration shall be given to
reducing the risks according to the following hierarchy:

a) elimination
b) substitution
c) engineering controls
d) signage/warnings and/or administrative controls
e) personal protective equipment.
 4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification,
Risk Assessment and Risk Control

The methodology for Hazard Identification &

Risk Assessment shall :

Provide for monitoring of required actions to ensure

effectiveness and timely implementation.

Ensure that significant risks are taken into account in

establishing, implementing and maintaining its OHSMS

Keep the information up-to-date

 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)

Management of change:

Changes or proposed changes in the organization,

Activity changes (e.g. changes to processes, equipment,
infrastructure, software)
Materials (e.g. new chemicals, packaging)
Modifications to the OHSMS (e.g. Procedures)
including temporary changes and their impacts
on operations, processes and activities
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)
Four important concepts of management of
change :

Identification of the hazards associated with

change

Assessment of the risks associated with change

OH&S hazards and risks prior to the introduction

of the change

Implementation of the controls (needed to address the

hazards and risks associated with the change )
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)

Changes that need to be addressed include:

Organizational changes (e.g. personnel or staffing

changes, merger acquisition)

Activity changes (e.g. changes to processes, equipment,

infrastructure, software)

Material changes (e.g. new chemicals, packaging)

Changes to the OH&S management system

(e.g. procedures)
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)

Requirement to consider:

Impact of external activities (that could adversely affect

OH&S of persons under control of an organization)

Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by

work

Human behaviour, capabilities and other human

factors

Hierarchy of control
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)

Ongoing HIRA
- Routine and non routine
- Subcontractors and visitors
- Facilities provided at workplace

Results of assessments and effect of controls to

be considered in setting objectives

Up to date
 HIRA AND DETERMINING
CONTROLS (4.3.1)
Methodology for HIRA
Defined, Proactive and Reactive
Classification of risks
Operating experience and capability of risk
control
Provide inputs facility requirements,
training needs, operational controls
Monitoring of required actions
HIRA
 EXERCISE-2
1. Break into syndicate groups.
2. Identify the occupational hazards and risks related to the
maintenance department.
3. Create a suitable aspect evaluation criteria
4. Apply the criteria to your identified aspects to determine
significant risk
5. Presentation on flip chart or transparency.

Time : 45 mins
Presentation : 10 minute/ group
 4.4.6 OPERATIONAL CONTROL

OH&S Subcontractors
Policy (4.2)

4.4.6 Operational
Controls

Objectives,
and Programs Significant OH&S Risks
(4.3.3) (4.3.1)
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL (4.4.6)

Identify and plan operations associated with

significant aspects.

A procedure must be documented only when its

absence could lead to a deviation from
organizations environmental policy, objectives
and targets.

Operating criteria to be stipulated in the

procedure.
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL (4.4.6)

Requirements for suppliers and contractors:

suppliers includingcontractor must use the

operational controls required by an
organization where there are identifiable
significant environmental aspects related to
their goods and services.

the organization
must communicate their
environmental requirements to the supplier or
contractor.
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)

- Identify and plan controls as applicable to its

activities that are associated with identified
hazard.
- Controls related to purchased goods, equipment
and services
- Controls related to contractors and other visitors
to the workplace
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)

- OCP must be documented (when its absence could lead

to a deviation OH&S policy and objectives)
- Operating criteria is to be stipulated in the
procedure (where its absence could lead to a deviation from
OH&S policy and objectives.)
A documented procedure need not be in
traditional format.
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)

Operational controls to include the

management of change.
Clarification has given that controls must
extend to contractors and visitors.
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Equipment Controls
Equipment and Process Design
Workplace & Equipment layout
Equipment & Facilities Maintenance
Safety Equipment
Machine Safeguards
Alarm / warning systems
Ventilation
Personal protection equipment
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Machine Safeguarding
Mechanical Hazards
Point of Operation: e.g., cutting, shaping, boring,
punching, or forming
Power Transmission Apparatus: e.g., flywheels,
pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams,
spindles, chains, gears
Moving Parts: e.g., reciprocating, rotating,
transverse moving parts as well as feed
mechanisms
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Machine Safeguarding
Non-Mechanical Hazards
Electrical power: e.g., improperly grounded,
exposed wiring
High Pressure Systems: e.g., failure from
pulsation, vibration or leaks
Noise
Hazardous Materials: e.g., coolants, cutting
fluids
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)

Safeguarding Minimum Requirements

Prevent contact with moving parts
Secure firmly to machine
Protect moving parts from falling objects
Create no new hazards e.g., sharp edges
Create no interference
Allow safe lubrication
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Methods of Safeguarding
Guards Devices
Fixed Presence Sensing
Interlocked Pullback
Adjustable Restraint
Self-Adjusting Gates
Safety Trip
Location / Distance
Two-Hand Control
Feed / Ejection Two-Hand Trip
Methods
Automatic
Semi-automatic
Robot
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Guards

Fixed

Interlocked Adjustable

Self-Adjusting
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Devices

Restraint

Two-Hand Control

Pullback Gate
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)

Personal Protective Equipment

Hard hats, caps & hair nets
Safety boots & foot guards
Face shields
Safety goggles & glasses
Hearing protection
Protective gloves
Protective jackets & vests
Respirators
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
Procedural Controls
Job procedures
Work permits
Lock-out procedures
Confined-entry procedures
Industrial hygiene procedures
Housekeeping procedures
Emergency procedures
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL
(4.4.6)
A documented procedure need not be in
traditional format and can be in the form of :
- a flow diagram
a cartoon or picture (especially relevant if
workers are illiterate)
a photograph
a chart or schedule.
 SESSION 4
LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS [4.3.2 ]
 LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Establish, implement and maintain (EIM) a

procedure

To identify and have access to legal and other requirements

to which it subscribes related to its occupational health &
safety hazards
To determine how these requirements apply to its
occupational health & safety hazards
Take above into account during establishment,
implementation and maintenance of OHSMS

The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal

requirements and other requirements to which the organization
subscribes are taken into account in establishing, implementing and
maintaining its OH&S management system.
 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

OH&S Legal requirements:

Factories Act 1948

State Factory Rules
Licence to operate a Factory / facility
Improvement notices
 OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Other requirements:

Corporate Policy
Company policy
Internally defined regulatory limits
beyond regulatory compliance
Local agreement with neighbours
Customer requirements
 LEGAL AND OTHER
REQUIREMENTS (4.3.2)

The statutes relating to OH&S are broadly

divided into three:-
Statutes for safety at workplaces
Statutes for safety of substances
Statutes for safety of activities
 LEGAL AND OTHER
REQUIREMENTS (4.3.2)

At present, safety and health statutes for

regulating OH&S of persons at work exist
only in four sectors:-
Mining
Factories
Ports
Construction
 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

The major legislations are:-

The Factories Act, 1948
Mines Act, 1952
Dock workers (Safety, welfare & health) Act, 1986
Plantation Labour Act, 1951
Explosives Act, 1884
Petroleum Act, 1934
Insecticide Act, 1968
Indian Electricity Act,
Indian Boilers Act, 1923
Indian Atomic Energy Act, 1962
Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996
Beedi and Cigar Workers' (Conditions of Employment) Act,
1966 .
 SESSION 5

OBJECTIVES AND PROGRAMMES [4.3.3 ]

 OBJECTIVES & PROGRAMMES

Establish, implement and maintain

programme(s) for achieving objectives .

Designate responsibilityfor achieving

objectives and targets at relevant functions
and levels

Include the means and timeframe by which

they are to be achieved
 DEFINITIONS

Occupational Health & Safety Objective

Goals, in terms of OH&S performance, that

an organization sets itself to achieve
Contract Between
Top Management /
Public
OH&S Policy

Commitments
MA / Top
Management Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3

HOD / MA DO 1 DO 2 DO 3

Programmes
Responsible person /
HOD

DO= Departmental Objectives

 4.4.7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
AND RESPONSE

Test Mechanism
Identification Mechanism

4.4.7 Emergency
Preparedness
and Response

Review Mechanism

Response Mechanism
 Risk Assessment Criteria (for software unit)

Consequence Quality Envirnment Safety Health Business impact

rating

1 Minor delays or Causes discomfort to Injury to employee or Health effects Minor delay in
reduced any of interrested contractor's man reversible within services to
quality, which parties requires first aid reasonable customers
is not noticed period of a
by customers month
and does not
effect him
much
Minor losses in Causes negligible Can result into
redoing the environmental business
work problem interruption
causing loss
upto 10 lac

Causes nuisance Can cause material &

property loss
upto 5 lacs
 Risk Assessment Criteria (for software
unit)
Consequenc Quality Envirnment Safety Health Business impact
e rating
Risk Assessment
2 Once of situation of Inefficent energy Result inot minor Slight health effects Can result into
doing poor usage injury to one or but not reducing business
quality of work. more persons human abilities interruption
No long term visibly causing loss 10
effect. lacs to 1 crores

Work can be redone Results in interested Can cause material &

to meet party complaints property loss
customers upto 5-20 lacs
expectations
with acceptable
cost to
organisation

Violates Organisation
code of practice

Violates publicly
accepted good
practice
Incident can cause
local attention
 Risk Assessment

Consequenc Quality Envirnment Safety Health Business impact

e rating

3 Results in regularly Causes any global Can result into Loss Some health effects Can result into
doing poor issues like - acid Time Accident business
quality work rain, or ozone interruption
from layer depletiion causing loss 1 to
organisation or global 5 crores
standards warming

Induces lowering of Incident can cause Can cause material &

quality discipline attention within property loss 20-
state 50 lac
 Risk Assessment Criteria (for software
unit)

Consequence Risk Quality

Assessment Envirnment Safety Health Business impact
rating

4 Substancial poor Involves disposing Can result into Substancial health Can result into
quality of work. non- disability of the effects business
Results in biodegradable workman interruption
complaints from material in- causing loss 5 to
customers. violation of 10 crores
accepted norms

In case reworking Industry wide attention Requires legal Can cause material &
would involve compensation property loss
changind upto 50 lacs to 1
schedules crore
substancially
 Risk Assessment Criteria (for software
unit)

Consequen Risk Assessment

Quality Envirnment Safety Health Business impact
ce
rating

5 Results in reduced Violation of legal Can result into Decapacitated Can result into
capability of norms -eg single or along with business
doing quality Establishment multiple fatality reduced life interruption
work Act expectancy causing loss
>10 crores
Results in lowering Disposal in violation Can cause material
quality as of RoSH or & property loss
compared to WEEE more than 1
competitors diectives crore

National or
international
attention on the
incident

Results in
substancial
damage to
environment
Probability Risk Assessment
Business Impact and Envirnment Safety Health
rating Quality

1 Happening once in 10 Incident happens once in Injury or incident Exposure to health

years or less a 10 years or less happens once in a hazard for less than
frequently 10 years or less 15 minutes
frequently occasionaly,
causing no health
concern as such

2 Happening once in 5 to Incident may happen Injury or incident may Exposure to health
10 years once in 2 to 10 happen once in 2 to hazard for less than
years 10 years 2 hrs per day
Probability Risk Assessment
Business Impact and Envirnment Safety Health
Rating Quality

3 Happening once in 1 to Incident may happen Injury or incident may Exposure to health
5 years once in 1 to 2 years happen once in 1 to hazard for 4 hrs per
2 years day

4 Happening once in 2 Incident may happen in 1 Injury or incident may Exposure to health
months to 1 year month to 1 year happen in 1 month hazard for 8 hrs per
to 1 year day

5 Happening once in 2 Incident may happen Injury or incident may Exposure to more than
months or more once in a month or happen once in a one health
frequently more frequently month or more parameters
frequently
 Measuring & Monitoring

3 Cs Of Measurement

Consequences Causes Control

Injury frequency rates Substandard acts and Planned inspections
conditions Job procedures and
Injury severity rates
Remove safety practices
Damage severity rates devices
Inadequate guards or Accident/incident
Production downtime
barriers investigation
Waste per unit of Personal and job/system Rules, regulations and
production factors practices
Product losses Lack of knowledge Protective equipment
Total energy and water or skill
Inadequate Personal
use rates communications
maintenance
Financial losses Abuse or misuse Loss control meetings

IMS-999-010-ENIN Issue 01
Measuring & Monitoring

3 Cs Of Measurement

Consequences
Training
Engineering
Purchasing
Leadership
Maintenance
Causes
Motivation

MOC

Safety Meetings

Investigations

Control
2002
Inspections 2001
2000
Training

L&A

0 20 40 60 80 100

IMS-999-010-ENIN Issue 01
 Measuring & Monitoring

Control Cause Consequence

LACK OF BASIC IMMEDIATE

INCIDENT LOSS
CONTROL CAUSES CAUSES

Inadequate Personal Substandard Event People

System Factors Acts or
or Property
Standards Job or Practices
System Contact Process
Compliance Substandard
Factors Conditions Planet
Profit

IMS-999-010-ENIN Issue 01
 DOCUMENTING WORKING
PROCEDURES

Operational Control - for example machine

maintenance:

OH&S: Wear your PPE, Use the permit to

work, isolate the machine
Product: Ensure machine is cleaned, set up
for quality critical to quality parameters
Environmental: Dont throw the oil down
the drain etc.
Goal: One stop shop document for each process and task.
QUESTION HOUR
FEEDBACK PLEASE