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SasikalaMohan
Associate Professor Of Anatomy
Course Introduction
I. Gross Anatomy
1. Cunninghams Manual of Practical Anatomy G.L.Romanes
Vols.I, II & III
2. B.D. Chaurasias Human Anatomy Vols.I, II, III & IV, 7th
Edition and General Anatomy
II. Histology
Atlas of Histology with functional correlation. Di Fiores
International Edition
Textbook of Human Histology, Inderbir Singh
ANA = apart
TOMY = to cut
Goals of the Course
To provide a common anatomical language
To relate the common language of anatomy to the
functional morphology of the human body.
To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of
physiology.
Illustrate the principle that structure and function are
related.
Firm foundation of the whole art of medicine
Why Study Anatomy?
1. Communication within the health professions.
2. In order to understand the pathology of the
human body, one must understand the normal.
3. Learn the interaction between body systems.
4. Provides an education rather than training.
ie: you can train a monkey to do surgery but the
monkey cannot fix a problem when it arises
HISTORY OF ANATOMY
Greek physician
Father of Medicine
His name is memorialized in
the Hippocratic oath
His work was empirical as no
dissection was allowed
GRECIAN PERIOD
ARISTOTLE(384-322BC)
Greek philosopher, zoologist,
renowned teacher, writer.
CLAUDIUS
GALEN(AD132-201)
identified veins and
arteries containing
blood
For 1500 years his
writings were
unquestionable .
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
LEONARDO DA VINCI
(AD1452 1519)
great Italian genius
Painter, sculptor, architect,
musician, anatomist engineer
Anatomical sketches (500
diagrams) published in 1898.
Originator of cross sectional
anatomy
First to describe moderator
band of Right ventricle.
Founder of Modern Anatomy
SIXTEENTH CENTURY
VESALIUS(1514-
1654)
Father of Modern
Anatomy
Reformer of
Anatomy
SEVENTEENTH and
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
MALPIGHII(1628-1634)
Italian anatomist
Father of Histology
- CT Scan
- MRI
- PET
Anatomy In Modern India
Medical education in India revived with the
arrival of the British (1600A.D)
Medical schools were estabilished (late
19thcentury) Madras, calcutta and bombay.
Madras in 1835.
Subdivisions of Anatomy
Subdivisions of anatomy
Cadaveric anatomy
Embryology
Histology
Surface anatomy
Radiographic anatomy
Living anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Physical anthropology
Applied anatomy
Experimental anatomy
Genetics
Cadaveric anatomy (Gross
anatomy/Macroscopic)
Study of preserved
body through
naked eye.
Two Approaches to the Study of
Anatomy
Systems Approach
-study of one system at a time.
-all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc..
Regional Approach
-all structures within a certain region are studied
together.
-ie: all structures in the head are looked at together.
6 regions
Lower limb Upper limb
Thorax Abdomen and Pelvis
Brain
SYSTEMIC ANATOMTY
Integumentary (dermatology)
Skeletal (osteology)
Articulating system (arthrology / syndesmology)
Muscular (myology)
Nervous (neurology)
Vascular (angiology)- Cardiovascular (cardiology) ,
Lymphatic
Respiratory (pulmonology)
Digestive (gastroenterology)
Urinary (urology)
Endocrine (endocrinology)
Reproductive system gynaecology (F), andrology(M)
DERMATOLOGY OSTEOLOGY
ARTHROLOGY MYOLOGY
NEUROLOGY PULMONOLOGY
ANGILOLOGY
UROLOGY ENDOCRINOLOGY
GASTROENTROLOGY
ANDROLOGY GYNAECOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY
Development of an
embryo from the
fertilization of the
ovum to the fetus
stage .
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
CYTOLOGY HISTOLOGY
SURFACE ANATOMY
Study of deeper
parts of the body in
relation to its skin
surface.
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
X-ray
USG
MRI
PET
Advanced
radiological
techniques- CT, DSA
LIVING ANATOMY
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
Study of similarities
and differences in the
anatomy of different
species.
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin,
behavior, physical variation, and cultural development
of human beings. It embraces the whole of humanity,
past and present.
GENETICS
Study of genes
CLINICAL ANATOMY
Lower limb
Thorax
Brain
Q 1. Which surgeon of ancient India is also called as
Father of Surgery ?
A. Charak
B. Sushruta
C. Atreya
D. Dhanvantri
Q 3. Name the famous Greek Physician who is
also called as the Father Of Medicine
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Hippocrates
D. Herophilus
Q 4. Who is often referred to as the Father Of
Modern Anatomy
A. Leonardo Da Vinci
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. William Harvey