ZTE FDD-LTE Network Optimization Solution - R1.0 - 20160630

ZTE FDD-LTE Network
Optimization Solution
Contents
Challenges for FDD-LTE Networks
FDD-LTE Network Evaluation and

Optimization in Six Dimensions
FDD-LTE Network Optimization Examples

Problems to Be Solved for Deep Coverage Internal use only
Site Acquisition
Outdoor coverage has been improved greatly and site construction can satisfy
the coverage requirements. But site acquisition is difficult for a few offices, and
the coverage problems cause the complaint rate to increase and affect network
KPIs and user experience.
Concerns:
Different types of sites are deployed according to planned site Deep Indoor Coverage
Improving
positions and actual conditions, reducing dependency on equipment
Because the 4G services and subscribers are mainly indoors, the
rooms and auxiliary devices.
Site
MR coverage rate is much lower even when the road coverage
A solution of no equipment room and less auxiliary facilities is needed. rate is good. Thus, deep indoor coverage must be improved.
Site Construction
Construction Concerns:
Solutions for scenarios of CBDs and large stadiums
Although residential areas, roads, and business places are proper site positions, the
Innovative deep indoor coverage solutions for indoor
construction of the sites and equipment rooms and antenna installation are difficult.
areas that cannot be covered by outdoor radiation
Concerns:
Efficient deep indoor coverage solutions for scenarios of
To satisfy the construction requirements, different products are used
subways and high-speed railways.
according to the actual conditions.
The construction of some difficult sites can be implemented through

antenna adjustment and distributed deployment.
Outdoors: Site Acquisition and Construction; Indoors: Deep Indoor Coverage
ZTE All rights reserved

3
New Operation Issues in the New Environment Internal use only
Which areas have good network

quality but few users? More
marketing effort can be
User Analysis Marketing

Where is the user growth rapid? invested in such areas.
Where are VIP users distributed? Which VIP users are not
satisfied with the network
speed and require more
concern?
The maintenance HR is
The investment is limited, so
Network Network
insufficient. How to sort network
what is the emphasis of network
maintenance priorities?
construction?
In which areas is the return on Construction Maintenance What is the principle of
improving network optimization
investment the most fast?
in different areas?
New Evaluation System Required for the New Traffic-Based Operation Era: Efficiency Increase & Network Development

4
Challenges for Operators Internal use only
Download
Email 11%
2%
20%
Others Stream
Data 11% Media
31%
32%
Voice Voice + SMS SNS
53% 20%
Web
48% Browsing VOIP
IM
36% Data 27% 4%
3%
Data Service Growth Rate Increases Year Percentage of Typical Services Reaches
Data Service Revenue Keeps Increasing
by Year over 80%
It is estimated that the data service will Data service revenue: Typical services, including web browsing,
increase at an annual rate of 60%, meaning $365bn(2012)-> $531bn(2017) stream media, SNS, and download, occupies
that it will have a 15-fold increase by 2017. over 80% of the total data services, and keep
Percentage in the total revenue:
on increasing year by year.
36%(2012)->48%(2017)
Data Service QualityEmphasis of Future Optimization (Web Browsing, IM, and Stream Media the Most Important)
Biggest Challenge for the OperatorsGuaranteeing the Quality of Typical Services

5
O&M Efficiency Needs to Be Improved Internal use only
Manual parameter planning and check are error prone and inefficient.
User complaints cannot be backtracked,

causing problems unable to be located.
There are no methods for locating delay problems

and perception problems.
Weak coverage outside road areas is hard to be detected.
The DT devices are very complicated,

and the O&M costs are always high.

6
Contents


Build a Fine FDD-LTE Network with the Consideration in Six Dimensions
Internal use only
Capacity expansion standard: cells, eNodeBs
Coverage optimization refinement: Keeps on
Increasing the network capacity and balancing inter-
optimizing the network architecture, reducing
frequency load through the inter-frequency
overlapped coverage, and increasing spectrum
networking mode
efficiency
Traffic distribution through interoperations among 2G,
Various networking modes and solutions for special
3G, and 4G networks
scenarios
Comprehensive guarantees for heavy-traffic scenarios
Comprehensive and accurate Abundant features: Increasing uplink

evaluation tools and optimization and downlink traffic through new
tools technologies including CA and CoMP
NetMAX, VMAX, CNO, and Health Parameter optimization: Optimizing
Guardian handover parameters and
PUSCH/PUCCH overhead parameters
Site planning focuses on network- Coverage optimization refinement
developing areas
E2E experience optimization
Network development together with
CSFB optimization
user growth
Comprehensive Network Performance Improvement Solution: Facing Challenges and Improving Network Quality in Six Dimensions

8
Internal use only

2 Optimization in Six Dimensions
Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
Excellent Experience
High Value
High Efficiency

9
Basic Coverage Evaluation Standard Internal use only
Dimension KPI Baseline Expected Data

KPI Definition KPI Priority
Value Source
Coverage
xx xx DT Proportion of RSRP>-105dBm and RS SINR>-3dB 1
rate
Average SINR xx xx DT Average RS SINR obtained through DT statistics 2

Basic
Coverage Road The number of pilot frequencies whose RSRPs are higher than 105 dBm is greater
overlapped than or equal to four. This KPI refers to the proportion of the number of sampling
xx xx DT 3
coverage points, of which the difference between the highest frequency and the lowest
rate frequency is 6 dB, to the total number of sampling points.
Note: This table is only for reference. The KPI values are configured according to the actual
condition.
Evaluation Tools
CXT, CXA, Skyruler, and NetMAX >200m
<50m
>2- <700m
>10m
Analysis and Optimization Tools Urban area
Distance between two neighbor sites Site height

SkyRuler: It effectively increases SINR and can list the cells that need optimization.
Angles with the antennas of Downtilt
Health Guardian: Based on the engineering parameter configurations, it outputs the cells whose
neighbor cells
azimuth or downtilt is improper, and super-far, super-near, super-tall, and super-low sites. It also
checks neighbor cell relationships, MOD3 cells, and recommends planning optimization.
CNO: It checks parameters and network health.

10
Network Coverage Evaluation System Internal use only
Evaluation of Deep Coverage for FDD-LTE Networks by Multiple Methods in Multiple Dimensions
User Inter-RAT 3D
DT&CQT MR Complaints Operations Emulation
Used to obtain more Used to evaluate problems of no Directly shows the The proportion of reselection Used to find hidden
accurate coverage coverage or weak coverage problems from 4G cells to 3G cells or coverage problems
information according to the reported RSRP the number of inter-RAT
handovers is too large.
LTE Network Value Analysis
Value Cell Value/Potential Network

Analysis User Analysis Development
Evaluation of FDD-LTE Network Coverage Quality in Multiple Dimensions

11
Basic Coverage Optimization Methods Internal use only
Solutions
1. Optimizes the antenna azimuth and downtilt.
2. Optimizes the RS transmission power.
Coverage optimization 3. Optimizes the neighbor cell relationship.
4. Optimizes handover and reselection parameters.
(weak field, inter-cell 5. Urges commissioning or adds some LTE sites.
interference) 6. Optimizes the network architecture.
KPI 7. Uses special site configurations to solve weak-field problems,
including lamppost sites, integrated eNodeBs, and Qcells.
Coverage rate
Average SINR (dB)

Overlapped road 1. Various networking modes: BBU+RRU, BS8912, Qcell, and
coverage rate Various networking Pico.
2. Super cells, controlling interference.
modes and solutions for 3. Solutions for special scenarios: indoor coverage, residential
special scenarios areas, CBDs, subways, campus, HSR, large stadiums, and trunk
roads.

12
Ensuring Good Network Architectures Internal use only
Strictly prohibit "4-super"

Construct sites in clusters to (super-tall, super-far, super-
facilitate coverage Proper site near, and super-low) sites.
optimization, establishing a address
planning
sound foundation of good
network performance. Refinement Proper
of basic antenna
optimization For an antenna whose downtilt is over 8,
model
reduce the site height or replace the antenna
with one having a larger downtilt.
Control the antenna

azimuth to be over
90. Proper Embellished
antenna antenna Adjust the antenna shelter to
azimuth adjustment ensure sufficient space for
antenna adjustment.
No
Proper obstacle in
Strictly control the antenna antenna the main
downtilt to prevent cross-cell downtilt lobe No obstacle is in the line-of-sight
coverage and beam distortion. direction range, ensuring reliable signal

transmission paths.
13
Special Site Configurations for Solving Field Coverage Problems Internal use only
For blind spots within the range of 100 m and that within the range between 100 m and 200 m, the following policies are recommended for selecting site
configurations and antennas according to actual transmission conditions.
Equipment Selection Antenna Selection
100~200 m RRU8862A/BS8912 Directional antennas are used due to

the large weak-field range; integrated
eNodeBs use BYO antennas
<100 m BS8912 Integrated eNodeBs use BYO antennas

and spotlight antennas for camouflage.
Average RSRP Average

Test Scenario Average SINR (dB)
Lamppost Site Instance Solution: (dBm) Download Speed
Macro site coverage -95 8.19 /
The BBUs are deployed in a centralized
After the macro-site
-71 18.86 45.08
manner, and the RRUs are deployed is started
remotely on 10-m lampposts (15

lampposts are used). This is a microcell
and macro-site inter-frequency
networking solution for road coverage.
Lamppost Sites Enabled

14
Deep Coverage Evaluation Criteria Internal use only
Dimension KPI Baseline Expected

Data Source KPI Definition KPI Priority
Value
MR coverage Percentage of sampling points of which MR RSRP
xx xx MR platform 1
Deep rate -105 dBm
coverage 4G traffic of 4G terminals / (2G traffic + 3G traffic
4G traffic ratio xx xx BOSS or others 2
+ 4G traffic)
Note: This table is only for reference. The KPI values are configured according to the actual condition.
Evaluation and analysis tools for deep Emulation tools

coverage optimization
NetMAX: Directly displays the distribution Micro site 5 m 3D emulation, Indoor 3D emulation software,
of weak-coverage areas, cells, and grids. helping precisely determine implementing precise indoor
VMAX: Deep coverage analysis and potential weak-coverage areas. emulation and helping the
optimization based on multiple data indoor distribution system design.
sources.

15
Precise Planning of Deep Coverage Optimization Internal use only
MR data
Multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis

Basic network data DT/CQT
User complaints
3D emulation (indoor)
Emulation data
Road emulation (outdoor)
2/3/4G traffic data

User perception data
Redirection data
Basis: value eNodeB/cell analysis
Determining weak-coverage areas through multi-dimensional evaluation

Using a proper solution (macro site, micro site, DAS, Qcell, or Pico) according to the survey result and actual scenario

16
Typical Deep Coverage Scenarios Internal use only
According to experience, typical deep coverage scenarios for FDD-LTE networks include:
Outdoor blind spots Residential areas Campuses

Outdoor hot spots
Streets, flyovers Large residential Teaching buildings, dormitory
CBD
Alleyways, stores on the first communities buildings
Business streets
floor Urban villages Parks
HSRs
Open areas Subways Sports
Viaducts Tunnels stadiums
Tunnels Station Stand
Station platforms Infield
platforms

17
Typical FDD-LTE Coverage Solutions Internal use only
Coverage Type Typical Scenario Product Model
Basic Common scenario, railways,

8862A+2T4R
Coverage and highways
Decorated
Streets and residential areas 8862A+landscaping antenna
Coverage
Outdoor
Blind Spots Building shadow 8912
Business streets and sports

Hot spots 8912; Qcell
stadiums
DAS Buildings, subways, airports, 8862

and railway stations
No DAS Newly built Qcell; 8862A to provide indoor

Indoor
premises/stadiums coverage from outdoors
Blind/Hot Business halls, shopping Qcell; 8102

Spots malls

18
Product Solutions for Deep Coverage Internal use only
Product Type Image Recommended Scenario Progress
DAS signal sources for large buildings

Macro RRU Macro RRU In commercial use
Radiation covering indoor areas, used for cell coverage
BS8912 (single-
Watt-level
mode
outdoor Covering outdoor blindspots, indoor coverage provided by outdoor eNodeBs
BS8922 (multi- In commercial use
integrated
mode) Coverage for elevator, city lampposts
equipment
(2*5W)
Closed separate indoor scenarios, for example, a business office, a roadside store, an
Indoor
underground garage, a supermarket, or an elevator
integrated BS8102 (mw-level) In commercial use
Hot spots with large traffic requirements, for example, airports
equipment
Inaccessible areas for naked fibers
Hidden sites, used in various scenarios to satisfy deep coverage requirements, simplifying
RF antenna iMacro
installation and O&M In commercial use
integration (broadband AAU)
Pole-mounted, lamppost-mounted, or wall-mounted
Smallest outdoor BBU, hidden site, used in various scenarios to satisfy deep coverage
Pad BBU requirements In commercial use
Pole-mounted, lamppost-mounted, or wall-mounted
PAD equipment
Covering outdoor blindspots, indoor coverage provided by outdoor eNodeBs
Pad RRU
Reused PHS sites In commercial use
(multi-mode)
Ground, walls, and billboards
Single mode Indoor coverage for large buildings, applicable to single-mode scenarios In commercial use
Qcell digital DAS
(mw-level) Multi-mode multi-
Indoor coverage for large buildings, including CL and UL multi-mode scenarios In commercial use
frequency (CL)
19
Enhancing Deep Indoor Coverage With DAS Internal use only
RRU as the signal source

Many RF
Applicable to scenarios of a large indoor coverage area or a large number of users. components: trunk
BBU+RRU recommended. BBUs are installed in a same area and RRUs are amplifier power
splitter, combiner,
installed separately near the target coverage areas to reduce the feeder cost and
Power splitter coupler, and 3 dB
feeder loss.
bridge
Choose a large output power to avoid introducing trunk amplifiers due to
Optical fiber:
insufficient power caused by large losses of 1.8G&2.1G feeders. Optical fiber
BBU+RRU
Configure several cells to satisfy the high-density capacity demand. In the early RF cables,
stage, use super-cells to reduce interference and expand coverage. Feeder connectors
For existing 2G/3G indoor DAS, reconstruct the DAS using the shared single path.
Omni-directional
For a new DAS to be constructed, two-path mode is recommended to increase Antenna
ceiling antenna
system capacity. Directional wall-
mounted
Micro eNodeB as the signal source antenna
RRU
For scenarios with a small indoor coverage area, choose a 25W micro eNodeB as the
signal source and flexibly select a micro eNodeB model according to the actual conditions. BBU
Signal sources :
Install the micro eNodeB close to the antenna to save feeders and reduce the feeder loss. Macro BU+RRU
Micro, Pico
For scenarios demanding for a large capacity and scenarios with flexible transmission
resources, deploy multiple micro eNodeBs to increase the total capacity.

20
Subway Coverage Solution Internal use only
Tunnel coverage: Wall-mounted RRU+POI+leakage cable mode is used. The distance between two adjacent
leakage cables is over 300 mm.
Station platforms and halls coverage: Equipment room RRU+POI+ceiling antenna mode is used. The distance
between two antennas is over 500 mm.
Single-path combination solution

For subways covered by 2G/3G signals, if they are
reconstructed to be covered by 2G/3G/4G signals, the
single-path combination solution is first used because The super cell technology is used to reduce the number
Single-Path Dual-Path
only the POI capability needs to be extended. of reselections and handovers and reduce co-frequency
Coverage Mode Coverage Mode
Dual-path combination solution interface.
Leakage Cable: TX0 Leakage Cable: TX1
Super Cell Mode
For a newly constructed subway, the dual-path
Leakage Cable: RX2 Leakage Cable: RX3
coverage mode is recommended to implement TX0 TX1 RX2 RX3 Logical Cell RRU RRU RRU
communication coverage to obtain FDD LTE dual-path Downlink POI Uplink POI
...... ......
coverage gain. TX0 TX1 Other system
downlink interfaces
RX2 RX3 Other system
uplink interfaces
Networking Cell Average Average
Average
Scenario Download
The dual-path combination solution obtains dual-path Mode Quantity RSRP(dBm) SINR(dB)
Speed (Mbps)
gain but does not have isolation gain due to
Common cell Underground 101 -69.23 22.44 47.99
transceiving cables. Thus, the POI isolation needs to be TX0 RX2 RX3 TX1
TX0/RX0 RX2 RX3 TX1/RX1
increased to satisfy the isolation requirement for multi- FDDLTE RRU

5CP super cell Underground 41 -67.4 24.91 87.48
Transceiving Cables
system combination.
21
Campus Macro-Micro Coverage Solution Internal use only
Strategic market of mobile network development, potential Main streets on campus covered by
middle and high-end subscribers macro eNodeBs
Blindspots on campus streets

covered by the BS8912
Dormitories and teaching buildings

covered by Qcells
Broad campus coverage, 2G/3G site sharing, coverage Building Cell No. Building Cell No. Building Cell ID
Dorm 1A cell 1 College E College L

cell19
emulation verification and evaluation Dorm 1B cell 2 College F Dorm 9C
cell 12
Dorm 2A cell 3 College G Dorm 10A
cell 20
Dorm 2B cell 4 Dorm 6A College M
Dorm 3B cell 5 Building A Dorm 10B cell 21
cell13
Dorm 3A cell 6 Dorm 7A College N
Traffic complementation is implemented Dorm 4A Dorm 7B Dorm 11A
cell22
between dormitories and teaching College A cell 7 College H cell 14 College O

cell23
College B College I Dorm 11B
buildings. College C College J cell24
cell15 Building A
College A cell8 Dorm 8A cell25
Traffic complementation through cell Dorm 4B Dorm 8B cell 16 College P
combination. The number of cells is Dorm 5B
cell 9
Dorm 9A cell 17 Building B cell26
College D College K College Q
reduced (38->27), effectively controlling Dorm 5A cell 10 Dorm 9B
cell18
Building C cell27
The green stars represent 2G/3G shared sites. inter-cell interference and improving Dorm 6B cell 11
The red stars represent sites suggested to be added

system performance.
22
Qcell Solution Overview Internal use only
CAT5E Ethernet Cable Optical Fiber Pico RRU

Qcell ZTE Indoor Coverage Solution SDR
MIMO
PoE
Quick Deployment: P-Bridge

Small, light, and elegant
P-Bridge
Built-in antenna
CAT5E Ethernet cable, PoE power supply P-Bridge
Photoelectric conversion
Quad-Band: Provides power supply for
800M/1.8G/2.1G/2.6G, the pRRU in a centralized
Multi-mode integration P-Bridge manner
Quality Assurance:
Flexible cell splitting and combination mode 22MIMO BBU
Cloud coordination P-Bridge Multi-
Mode
BBU Optical fiber Ethernet cable
P-Bridge
A single BBU supports a maximum of 192 pRRUs.
P-Bridge
Four-level P-Bridge cascading is supported. P-Bridge
One P-Bridge supports eight pRRUs. P-Bridge
23
Challenges for HSR Coverage Internal use only
The HSR is a high-efficient intercity transportation system. It is very

Complex scenarios along high-speed railways
important to improve HSR coverage quality to increase CSI and High speed causes obvious Doppler shift.
enhance the brand image.
HSR station Urban area
Service migration in pulses challenges HSR network performance.

The penetration loss is large.
Elevated highway Mountain pass
Tunnel Viaduct

24
Core Technology for HSR Performance Optimization Internal use only
Patent baseband frequency-offset compensation algorithm: Used to rapidly Coverage enhancement based on super cells: Used to extend distance
trace frequency offset change, implement effective compensation, and between sites, reduces handover frequency, reduces investment, and rapidly
improve baseband demodulation performance. constructs the network.
Refined coverage control and system parameter optimization: Used to Multi-carrier aggregation: Used to increase uplink and downlink speed and
improve HSR performance. satisfy the capacity requirement.
Large Doppler shift, Conventional
Interference control for HSR The number of online
High-speed moving, optimization methods
obvious performance not matching HSR
dedicated networks and public users shoots up, affecting
frequent handover
Challenge degradation characteristics
networks along high-speed railways user experience
Uplink frequency Single PCI refined coverage

6RRU HSR super cell: Multi-band RRUs: Support Super cell + carrier
offset estimation optimization and UL/DL PRB flexible co-/inter- aggregation: Complies
Forms the HSR allocation optimization: Are frequency networking
and compensation: suited for the HSR coverage with the trend that the
modes according to actual
Solution coverage cell chain characteristics; number of HSR users
conditions, and effectively
Lay a foundation of shoots up, and
and reducing Downlink power and uplink control interference
good HSR network power control optimization: through coordination guarantees HSR user
handover frequency. Improve HSR performance. optimization. experience.
performance.
Excellent Case Shanghai-Nanjing HSR Hangzhou-Ningpo HSR Beijing-Shijiazhuang-Wuhan HSR
Case Railway introduction

High-speed railway in Shanghai, average speed: 310
High-speed railway in Ningbo, average speed: 240 km/h
High-speed railway in Shijiazhuang, average speed:
km/h 283 km/h
HSR cells are applied, effectively compensating A co-frequency network can be reconstructed into an Refined coverage control, system parameter
Doppler shift and increasing the speed by 11%. inter-frequency network through configuring multi-band optimization, increasing the rate by 18% (not
Optimization result Co-site back-to-back 2CP combination, refined RRUs in software, increasing the speed by 28%. including the super cell gain).
coverage optimization, and increasing the speed by Downlink power optimization, proper PA_PB In some areas, the 6CP super cell is used, increasing
45%. configurations, stable SINR, increasing the speed by 9%. the speed by 57%.

25
Coverage Solution for Large Stadiums Internal use only
Coverage Characteristics of Large Stadiums DAS and Qcell are used

Coverage of Key Functional Areas
Large stadiums are bulky, have complicated structures and are to provide coverage for
large indoor office areas
located in various environments.
(for example, a news
The number and density of users in a sports event are very large.
center) and small areas
The demands on coverage, capacity and services are diversified. (for example, a VIP box,
The demands are different in busy time and idle time. Multiple a meeting room, and a
technologies should be used to reduce the power consumption in reception room).
idle time and the routine operation and maintenance cost.

The micro/Pico sites
Arranging Cells According to the Stadium Shape Antenna Selection provide coverage for areas
with medium capacity and
The inside of a large stadium is spacious. coverage requirements,
You can use high-performance narrow- for example, a resting area,
beam directional beam-forming antennas, a working area, an
and properly set the antenna positions underground parking lot,
and azimuths to avoid the overshooting of and an outdoor area.
massive radio signals to neighbor cells

and the cells on the opposite stand.

26
Internal use only

Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
High Value
High Efficiency

27
Network Capacity Evaluation Criteria Internal use only
Monitored Threshold Reference

Type Monitored Item Handling Suggestion
KPI Thresold
Uplink physical resource 1. Enable the load balancing function. 2. Use the CA/CoMP function. 3. Add
Uplink PRB usage 50%
Air interface usage in the cell carriers or add eNodeBs.
resource indexes Downlink physical resource 1. Enable the load balancing function. 2. Use the CA/CoMP function. 3. Add
Downlink PRB usage 50%
usage in the cell carriers or add eNodeBs.
Equipment CPU usage of the main-control 1. Enable the load balancing function. 2. Replace the boards with high-
CPU usage 50%
resource indexes board specification ones or add eNodeBs.
The LTE system capacity is flexible, and the number of connected users depends on the hardware capability.
With the increase in the number of users, the bandwidth allocated per user decreases and the users perception of speed decreases.
If the system fails to keep a good users perception of speed, it indicates that the radio bearer capability approximates the upper limit.

28
FDD-LTE Network Capacity Evaluation Dimensions Internal use only
Two Dimensions: Number of Users & Carriers
Evaluation of capacity
expansion for users Evaluation of capacity expansion for carriers
(from the viewpoint of the (from the viewpoint of areas (cells, carriers))
entire network)
Evaluation of the number of Radio resource usage Evaluation of user perceived

users evaluation speed
Radio resource usage
Number of RRC users User perceived
larger than the
exceeding the License speed lower than
threshold in busy
limit the threshold
hours
Purchase Licenses to expand Add carriers, and add Add carriers, and add
capacity eNodeBs eNodeBs

29
FDL Network Capacity Monitoring and Handling Suggestions Internal use only
Air interface resource index monitoring, analysis, and pre-alarming

High-load network performance
monitoring and evaluation
Equipment resource index monitoring, analysis, and pre-alarming
Air Interface Resource Monitored Items Equipment Resource Monitored Items
Monitored Threshold Reference
Monitored Item Handling Suggestion Equipment Resource Type Reference Threshold Handling Suggestion
KPI Threshold
Uplink physical Number of
resource usage in the Uplink PRB usage 50% RRC 70% Add eNodeBs.
cell 1. Enable the load balancing function. 2. connections
Use the CA/CoMP function. 3. Add Main control
Downlink physical carriers or add eNodeBs. board Enable the load balancing function,
resource usage in the Downlink PRB usage 50% CPU usage 50% and replace the boards with high-
cell specification ones or add eNodeBs.
Allowed RRC- Allowed RRC-
70% Add more RRC connection licenses. Number of
connected users connected users Baseband
RRC 70% Add eNodeBs.
board
1. If the PDCCH usage is not larger than connections
65%, enable the CFI adaptation
function. Bandwidth
PDCCH resource Expand capacity for transmission
PDCCH resource usage 70% 2. If the CFI adaptation function is occupation 85%
usage resources.
enabled and the PDCCH usage is larger rate
than 70%, add carrier power licenses.
Packet loss
3. Add carriers or add eNodeBs. Transmission 0.01% Implement transmission-based
rate
resource congestion control and transmission
Paging congestion 1. If either condition is satisfied,
5% Delay jitter 7ms capacity expansion.
rate decrease the TAL division.
Paging resource usage 2. Refer to other indexes including the
Number of paging Attach/CPU usage, and consider Optimize the delay of the transmission
600 Delay 20ms
received per second hardware upgrade. network.
Effective Network Capacity Evaluation, Optimization, and Capacity Expansion to Keep Good User Experience and Competitive
Advantages
30
4G Service Guarantee Solution for Heavy Traffic Scenarios Internal use only
Make the emergency guarantee plan

3G/4G interoperation parameter
Evaluate the network capacity optimization

Perform back-end guarantee monitoring
eNodeB Air Interface Capability Load balancing and carrier aggregation
Manual monitoring together with intelligent
Evaluation Multi-band hybrid networking mode
monitoring on the OMC
Transmission Bearer Capability Cell performance monitoring and alarm
Evaluation monitoring
Equipment load capability 3 Real-time parameter optimization
Evaluation
2 4
Summarize emergency guarantee
Set up the service requirement model 1 5 experience
Evaluation of the number of 4G users and
User business behavior analysis
terminal penetration rate
Post analysis of emergency guarantee
4G user business behavior evaluation
plan analysis
4G traffic estimation
Emergency guarantee case writing
4G Service Guarantee Solution for
Heavy Traffic Scenarios
31
Capacity Estimation Internal use only
Number of users, average

Obtain the spectrum
throughput of a single
efficiency
user in busy hours
Estimation of the number of users

Case 1: The number of users can be counted
Needed throughput =
Throughput of a single Number of users * precisely.
cell = Bandwidth * Average throughput of The scenarios include meeting rooms, stadiums,
Spectrum efficiency a single user in busy
and opera houses. The number of users can be counted
hours
according to the number of seats and sold tickets.
Case 2: The number of users needs to be estimated.
The scenarios include plazas, transportation junctions in
holidays, parks, amusement parks, and scenic spots. In such
Number of cells satisfying the capacity requirement = Needed
areas, the number of users can be estimated according to
throughput / Throughput of a single cell
the estimated area and population density.
Capacity estimation: core of heavy-traffic scenarios

A precise predicted capacity determines whether a solution is proper.

32
Smart Stadium Guarantee Solution Internal use only
Hot Potato: Burst Traffic due to Gatherings

In some special time periods, for example, holidays, important activities, and important events, a large number of users may gather in large stadiums or
plazas, and a huge amount of traffic may be generated in a small area within a short period of time.
In gathering scenarios, the burst huge traffic may cause serious congestion and fast degraded user experience. It may even cause network outage, threaten
network security, and affect network quality evaluation.
1. Precise planning 2. Refined scenario
based on 3D emulation optimization
6. Perfect emergency Smart 3. Automatic PCI

neighbor cell
protection programs Stadium optimization by the SON
4. Load balancing
5. Package heavy-
based on the number
traffic fixed parameters
of users
The Smart Stadium solution can intelligently and precisely guarantee communication quality
in gathering scenarios with burst huge traffic.

33
FDL Large-Capacity Guarantee Solution and a Case Internal use only
Limited Capacity Expansion
Multi-carrier
capacity
expansion/emergen
cy communication
vehicles/adding Outdoor multi-
micro-cells carrier capacity
Cell splitting
expansion + load
(BBU modified)
balancing +
indoor/outdoor
Feasible coordination
Solutions
Cell 6
Inter-RAT load AC-Barring/ Cell 7
Cell 5
balancing (2G/3G/4G) Shock protection

Cell 4
Legend:
Cell 8
Cell 3 The antenna faces vertically
VIP guarantee Cell 2 downwards, covering the stand.
Cell 9
Cell 1 The antenna downtilt is 100, and

Cell 12 Cell 10 the infield or the entrance area is covered.
Shunting/Shock-Protection/Key Guarantee Cell 11
Complete large-capacity guarantee solution: Guaranteeing communication quality in large-gathering scenarios, including China
Telecom Terminal Launch Event, Nanjing Youth Olympic Games, Ningbo Intelligence Exhibition, China Unicom Cooperative Partner
Conference, and Dalian Beer Festival.
34
Internal use only

Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
High Value
High Efficiency

35
Network Speed Evaluation Criteria Internal use only

Value
Average download
xx xx DT Average FTP download speed 1
speed
Average upload
xx xx DT Average FTP upload speed 2
speed
Speed
Downlink speed Proportion of the sampling points whose downlink speed
xx xx DT 3
excellence ratio is larger than 12 Mbps
Uplink speed Proportion of the sampling points whose uplink speed is
xx xx DT 4
excellence ratio larger than 5 Mbps
Speed Analysis and Evaluation Tools
CXT, CXA, Skyruler, and Iperf

36
Methods for Increasing Speed Internal use only
Solution
1. Antenna azimuth/downtilt optimization

Basic RF optimization, 2. RS transmit power optimization
KPI parameter optimization, and 3. Neighbor cell relationship optimization

Average download resource capacity expansion 4. Parameter optimization: handover parameters
speed 5. Inter-frequency capacity expansion
Average upload
speed
Downlink speed
excellence ratio
Uplink speed
excellence ratio Power features for optimizing 1. Carrier Aggregation (CA)
network performance and 2. Coordinated Multiple Points (CoMP)
increasing speed 3. Super cell

37
Fishbone Diagram of Speed Problem Troubleshooting Internal use only
MCS different from BLER eNodeB Server and Transmission

Improper TCP window setting
Data packages lost due
Uplink scheduling MCS different from BLER to network adapters Incorrect TCP
problems parameter setting
Hardware not satisfying Improper MTU setting
Downlink scheduling the requirements
problems Limit of number of the threads
Multi-thread processing
Incorrect FTP service setting
Improper RB allocation capability limited
Abnormal site status Thread speed limited
Some parameters not Firewall setting
supported by the terminal problems
Too large packet jitter
Improper parameter setting
Some parameters not High packet
supported by the version loss rate
Low FTP Service Speed
Hard disk, CPU,
memory, and RPM
Too large downlink
Improper TCP parameter setting Computer configuration interference, weak
field
Operating system
FTP configuration
Version bugs Too large uplink
Too few the number of threads interference, uplink
Terminal performance limited
Too much dissipated heat

Testing Computers and Radio Environment
Terminals
38
Parameter Optimization in Inter-Frequency Networking Mode Internal use only
During the LTE network construction of a city, the previous network was mainly formed by 2.1GHz sites, and later 1.8GHz sites
were added, so the network involved two frequencies.
15-20%
10% - 20%
Note: The test data is affected by the network topology and network load in the test area.
1. The network performance in the case of Always Enabled is poorer than that of Always Disabled by 15% to 20%.
However, if the inter-frequency search threshold is properly set, the average downlink speed can be increased by 10% to 20%
compared with that in the case of Always Disabled.
2. Inter-Freq Search Threshold: The recommended value range is from 95 dBm to 110 dBm. It is recommended that the
threshold difference between the case of enabling inter-frequency search and that of disabling inter-frequency search is set to
[5dB, 10 dB].

39
Handover Parameter Optimization Internal use only
Impact of Handover Parameters on Network KPIs

It is suggested to reduce the time difference (TTT) from the occurrence of a handover event to the reporting of the handover
event (256ms -> 160ms), increase the number of times of periodic reporting triggered by an event (once -> unlimited times),
reduce the interval of periodic reporting triggered by an event (1024ms -> 480ms), and then verify the handover parameters.
With the above optimization measures, the network KPIs are improved. For clusters densely deployed in urban areas, it
is recommended that the handover parameters are set to optimized values.
40
FSS Algorithm Optimization Internal use only
FSS Algorithms
Uplink FSS
A UE periodically sends SRS. After several periods, the eNodeB can obtain the measured SRS values on all the bandwidths and the signal quality on
different sub-bands. In scheduling, the RBs with better channel quality are selected preferentially to transmit uplink services for frequency gains.
Downlink FSS
Downlink FSS is based on sub-band CQIs reported by UEs. Because a sub-band CQI is valid only within a certain period of time, when selecting the best
sub-band in downlink FSS, the system does not consider the invalid sub-bands. For all-bandwidth measurement, all the valid sub-bands should be
considered.
Comparison of Coverage Quality (SINR) Comparison of Average Downlink Speed
After analyzing the verification data of the uplink/downlink FSS parameter setting, it is recommended that the PRB randomization mode
(default) is used for uplink/downlink FSS because PRB randomization can effectively reduce intra-system interference in the LTE system and
improve user perception.
41
PUSCH/PUCCH Overhead Parameter Optimization Internal use only
PUCCH/PUSCH Overhead Parameters

PUCCH Overhead Parameters
PUCCH carries three types of information: SR, ACK/NACK, and CQI. Usually, SR is carried on PUCCH FORMAT 1. CQI includes four types of
information: CQI, PMI, PTI and RI, and it can be carried on PUCCH FORMAT 2/2a/2b.
The overhead parameters include pucchSemiAnNum, tpucchCqiRBNum, pucchDeltaShf, pucchSrNum, and srTrPeriod.
PUSCH Overhead Parameters
The resource unit used for PUSCH cannot be used to transmit reference signals or be reserved for SRS transmission. The PUCCH parameter
setting also affects the number of resources occupied by PUSCH. The overhead parameters include srsEnable, srsBWCfg, srsSubFrameCfg,
prachFreqOffset, and prachFreqOffsetFlag.
Impact of default parameters and Impact of default parameters and

Uplink throughput is increased by 2
optimization parameters on uplink optimization parameters on uplink
Mbps when SRS is disabled
throughput when SRS is disabled throughput when SRS is enabled
When SRS is disabled, the uplink throughput is increased by 2 Mbps. Therefore, it is suggested to disable SRS for LTE networks and use the optimized
PUCCH/PUSCH overhead parameter setting to improve uplink throughput.

42
Uplink Anti-Interference Algorithm Optimization Internal use only
Because the LTE system has a wide frequency band and is prone to be affected by uplink interference (for example, co-frequency interference of
DECT), the uplink MCS may fluctuate greatly and the uplink traffic may be seriously affected.
40.00 150.00
30.00
100.00 AvgThp
20.00
50.00 MCSAvg
10.00
PL
0.00 0.00
257
113
129
145
161
177
193
209
225
241
273
289
305
321
337
353
1
17
33
49
65
81
97
Optimize the interference suppression algorithm to accurately trace the interference characteristics of the resource chart, improve the SINR
estimation algorithm, and increase the uplink spectrum efficiency.
Test Scenario Algorithm AvgThp AvgPL Gain
Default algorithm 17.76 92.04 --
Interfered Cell 1 Anti-interference
27.07 91.42 52.42%
algorithm
Interfered Cell 2 Anti-interference
30.26 100.07 41.20%
algorithm
Interfered Site Anti-interference
18.28 107.32 87.09%
algorithm
DT of 10 sites in a Small
Anti-interference
Area 19.13 102.69 20.47%
algorithm
After the anti-interference algorithm is enabled, the UE transmit power decreases obviously and
the uplink throughput increase greatly.

43
Building a High-Performance Network with the LTE Technology Internal use only
Carrier Aggregation (CA)
Band A Band A Band B

1
C1 C2 C3 C1 C2 Load Balancing
Software upgrade
+ CA
Intra-band CA Inter-band CA
2
Supporting
inter-band CA Powerful IBW to
2*20MHz support CA
1800+2100
2600+2100 (75MHz @ BBU Adding the
R8884
R8862
1800M) BPL1 to
provide a
larger capacity
Grasping the technological development trend and considering the requirements of future network evolution on the product and
network structure in the early stage of network construction.

44
CA Applications Internal use only
The FDD LTE CA function has been put to commercial use. In City G, the CA function is enabled in about 3000
cells in the main urban area. The average cell throughput is increased by 10%; the loads among CA carriers
are balanced; the CA throughput proportion is about 11%; the average CA user proportion is over 8%; the
peak rate in DTs reaches 200 Mbps, increased by over 90%. The CA function helps achieve stable network
performance and good user experience, and the number of commercial applications keeps increasing.

45
CA Performance Optimization Internal use only
The workload of CA coordination The CA user experience is affected by load The management of primary and
relationship maintenance is heavy balancing secondary CA carriers is complex
The scenarios include macro-macro multi- The inter-site, hetero-site-type, and
layer networks and macro-micro The current policy of selecting load- macro-micro networking relationships are
networks. The demand on the number of more and more complex, and the
balancing users does not consider the
CA coordinated cells increases rapidly management of primary and secondary
after capacity expansion, and the manual difference among CA users, and thus it carriers in the corresponding CA scenarios
maintenance of the coordination may affect CA user experience. also become very complex. Thus, user
relationship requires both time and labor. experience is prone to be affected.
Dynamic coordination of CA Dynamic selection of primary and

Load-balancing policy adjustment
relationships secondary carriers
C o o r d i n a t i o n
Relationship Adaptation
Modify
sites
F1&F2
After cells are added, deleted, or modified, In the load-balancing process, CA users are
the CA coordination relationship is updated The interference and load of the primary
fully considered for the UE selection policy,
automatically. and secondary CA carriers are considered
target cell selection, and CA UE policy in
The coordination relationships are dynamically to achieve more flexible and efficient
adjusted according to the networking
idle state. Thus, the CA user activation
carrier management and increase
configuration parameters, measured rate is increased and the CA user
spectrum usage.
information, and cell load information. experience is guaranteed.
CA performance optimization faces challenges of commercial applications, improves user experience,

and enhances brand awareness.

46
Improving System Stability by Load Balancing Internal use only
Load Balancing Function

Balances the loads among cells, frequencies, and RATs, balances the entire system performance, and improves system stability.
Deploys cell traffic according to the loads of the serving cell and its neighbor cells, and effectively uses system resources to increase the system capacity and system
stability.
Load Balancing Process

Load Balancing Application
FDD LTE 2.1G Indoor Coverage When a UE moves
Measurement
Decision Stage Execution Stage from outdoors to
Stage When a UE
indoors, it prefers
moves from If the load of the indoor to reside in an
Measurement: The load balancing module monitors and updates the load status of the indoors to FDD 2.1GHz cell is too
indoor FDD 2.1 GHz
serving cell and neighbor cells. outdoors, it heavy, load-balancing
cell or performs
Decision: The load balancing module determines whether the serving cell is in high-load performs (CLB or LB) is used to
handover from an
reselection/h make some UEs to
status according to the measurement information collected in the measurement stage. If the FDD 1.8 GHz cell to
andover from perform reselection or
serving cell is in high-load status, load-balancing will be triggered in the execution stage; an indoor FDD 2.1
indoor FDD handover to a 1.8 GHz
otherwise, the measurement and decision stages will be repeated. GHz cell with better
cell.
Execution: If the serving cell is in high-load status, some UEs in the serving cell will be 2.1 GHz to
signal quality.
selected to perform A4 (intra-system) or B1 (inter-system) measurement. The UEs for outdoor FDD
handover to low-load neighbor cells are selected according to the measurement result. 1.8 GHz. FDD LTE 1.8G
Outdoor Macro Coverage

47
Increasing Uplink Capacity with the Multi-Antenna Technology Internal use only
In traditional LTE two-antenna coverage scenarios, according to link budget research, emulation, and on-field tests, the uplink coverage
radius is smaller than downlink coverage radius in almost all cells, which is called uplink restriction. It is caused due to UE transmit power.
Thus, the key problem in deploying a cost-efficient LTE network is how to improve uplink coverage.
A large number of tests and commercial applications prove that the multi-antenna coverage enhancement technology (2T4R) can improve
the high-frequency uplink coverage.
User THP MAX User THP MIN User THP AVG

User RSRP Range Gain The test results indicate that, compared with
2T2R 2T4R 2T2R 2T4R 2T2R 2T4R
2T2R, 2T4R can improve the entire uplink traffic
-120 RSRP<-110 9.03 13.14 0.18 0.3 2.09 3.87 85.00%
performance, increase the average speed by 30%,
-110 RSRP<-100 18.93 22.81 10.71 13.99 14.25 17.78 24.75% and increase the edge speed by 80%.
-100 RSRP<-90 33.17 42.47 16.37 19.12 21.89 26.69 21.94% In different coverage RSRP cases, both 2T2R and
-90 RSRP<-80 49.63 50.02 38.05 45.32 45.69 48.12 5.34% 2T4R can improve uplink speed, but in different
-80 RSRP<-70 50.21 50.26 49.82 49.99 50.1 50.18 0.16% coverage cases, the performance improvement
differs.
-70 RSRP<-60 50.25 50.27 50.03 50 50.11 50.16 0.09%
The multi-antenna technology improves the entire uplink traffic performance, especially in edge coverage areas.

48
Internal use only

Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
High Value
High Efficiency

49
Service KQI Evaluation Criteria Internal use only

Value
Video download
- xx E2E platform or DT Video service download speed 1
speed
Delay of the first
Delay of the first data packet arriving at a UE after
Service KQI packet of a web - xx E2E platform 2
the UE initiates a request
page
Delay of opening a Delay between a UE initiating an access request and
- xx E2E platform 3
web page the UE receiving the first HTTP page
Service KQI Evaluation Tool
E2E platform (VMAX)
Service KQI Analysis Tool
E2E platform (VMAX) NetMAX CNO

50
E2E Data Service Optimization Flow Internal use only
Problem Finding
Work order issuing

QoS monitoring Specific optimization VIP/VAP monitoring
in the call center
Problem KQI system Network quality

Traffic analysis QoS analysis
Analysis and establishment analysis
Locating
E2E Problem Analysis & Locating
Terminal Wireless CN SP
Optimization
and
Improvement
Coverage Parameter Capacity

Troubleshooting
optimization optimization optimization

51
E2E QoS KQI Model Internal use only
QoS QoE of Service 1

Evaluation
KQI 1 KQI n
KQIs
Network Wireless KPIs CN KPIs Service Network S-KPIs

KPIs
Data Data Collection System

Collection
E2E evaluation of the QoS of a single service

52
Index Evaluation System Overview Internal use only
Network KQIs Service KPIs Service KQIs

Uplink/downlink traffic
RAN SGSN Web browsing Stream media QQ Microblog
Uplink/downlink speed
GGSN MME Number of connections

WeChat VOIP MMS FTP
Service duration
SGW PGW Number of concurrent users HTTP Video Service Instant Messaging
Air interface time
Interface Indexes TCP link establishment success Web page response
rate (%) success rate Play success rate
Attachment
TCP link establishment delay (ms) Time of waiting for play
Detachment Web page response
Service login success rate
TCP data transmission success rate duration Service download speed
Tracing area update (%) Service login delay
Web page display Number of times that a
Default bearer activation TCP transmission delay (ms) success rate play is stopped Uplink/downlink
Default bearer update TCP packet loss rate (%) transmission success rate
Web page display
Default bearer deactivation Abnormal disconnection
TCP disorder rate (%) duration
Handover rate
DNS query response rate (%) Web page download Application Download
RAB allocation speed Uplink/downlink
DNS query delay (ms)
Paging Application download retransmission rate
DNS query success rate (%) HTTP download success
Service request rate success rate
GET/POST response rate (%)
Transmission quality HTTP download speed Application download
GET/POST success rate (%)
speed
RRC connection
......

53
Wireless Network Quality Analysis Internal use only
Coverage Analysis Interference Analysis Access Delay Analysis
Failure Analysis Parameter Analysis

54
Comprehensive Network Index Analysis Internal use only
Analyzed indexes: Analysis of service processes including RRC connection, RAB Various Indexes
assignment, attachment, PDP activation, handover, paging, and service request. for analysis
Analysis modes: Drill analysis, trend analysis, TOP N analysis, comparison
analysis, and interval distribution analysis.
Analysis dimensions: Analysis from dimensions including NE (RNC/eNodeB,
SGSN/MME, or GGSN/SGW/PGW), access type, APN, RAI/TAI, CGI/ECGI,
terminal, and user.
Trend analysis
Drill analysis Comparison

Analysis analysis
Modes
Interval
distribution TOP N analysis
analysis
Various network indexes and powerful analysis modes are used to support network optimization.

55
Traffic Analysis in Multiple Dimensions Internal use only
Server Port
Analyzed indexes: number of users, traffic, speed, PLMN
RAT Roam type
Comprehensive
MME Service
Application
number of connections, and number of packets. PGW multi-dimensional
TAI analysis makes
Analysis modes: trend analysis, TOP N analysis, ECGI data service flows
APN visible
failure analysis, and interval distribution analysis.
Traffic analysis based on Traffic analysis based on location areas Traffic analysis based on services/applications
access networks
Traffic analysis of TOP N websites Terminal traffic analysis
Comprehensive visualization of service channels

Planning and optimization of traffic flows
Precise marketing and promotion

56
QoS Analysis in Multiple Dimensions Internal use only
IP Bearer Network IP Bearer Network

RNC SGSN GGSN
Terminal Wireless Transport Core Transport Application Server
Analyzes whether the QoS of Analyzes whether the

relevant access networks is By access network types By website servers website servers at relevant
normal positions are operating
properly
Multi-
Analyzes whether the QoS By areas/cells Dimensional By terminal types Analyzes whether the UEs
of relevant cells is normal are operating properly
Analysis
Analyzes which users in a cell

Analyzes whether the QoS of By NEs By users are abnormal and determine
relevant NEs is normal whether the problems only
occur on a few users
Analysis in associated multiple dimensions is used to precisely locate the problems.

57
Webpage Browsing Delay and Speed Analysis Methods Internal use only
An HTTP service is completed through six steps.
Each step may have several potential trouble spots, and there are at least 18 potential problems.
Multi-dimensional analysis is performed for each trouble spot to find out the causes.
Analysis of Poor Problem Scenario Problem Scenario Problem Scenario
Communication
Quality Example 1
1. Attachment failure 8. DNS failure
Step 1 Attachment 2. Bearer establishment

DNS query 9. Long DNS delay
failure4G 15. HTTP failure
Bearer 3. PDP activation Step 4 10. TCP1/2 handshake Step 6 16. Frequent HTTP
Step 2 establishment failure2/3G failure
TCP Get
4. TAU update 11. TCP2/3 handshake handshake
failure4G failure 17. Long HTTP delay
5. RAU update TCP 12. TCP1/2 handshake Example 3
failure2/3G handshake delay 18. Low speed
Step 3 TAU update
Step 5 13. TCP2/3 handshake
6. Frequent TAU4G
delay
Example 2
7. Frequent 14. Frequent TCP
RAU2/3G Reset

58
Video Speed Analysis Methods Internal use only
Service Quality Monitoring Statistical Analysis
Trend Comparison Failure TOP N

analysis analysis analysis analysis
APN Faulty APN

TCP-related performance index analysis
SP TCP link setup success rate at the wireless side Faulty SP
TCP link setup success rate at the wired side
TCP uplink/downlink traffic volume ......
TCP uplink/downlink speed
Delimitation NE TCP uplink/downlink retransmission rate Faulty NE
TCP uplink/downlink disorder rate
Cell TCP uplink/downlink fragmentation rate Faulty cell
...
Terminal Faulty terminal
Terminal User Wireless network CN Service platform
Server Routes or firewall policies Cell load Transmission

Terminal
configurations
SP Terminal Interference Coverage
Faults are delimited to five categories, and work orders are issued accordingly.

59
E2E Optimization ToolVMAX Internal use only
VMAX Architecture
A. Automatically locating according to abnormal
perception of users
C. Reverse control (SON)/PCC

Specified
Other Application Systems
System
Application Radio network E2E/User/Service
Personnel Performance
Management
Optimization
Management ...

Layer flow operation

optimization Analysis Application
Layer Log Query Log Reporting
Platform Gateway
IF2
Sharing B. Locating and smart algorithm engine/knowledge database Interface
Layer/
Decoding Data Synthesis Server
Data platform
Layer Data Decoding Layer
Local data External data IF1

Interface
Hardware collection Software
OMC/CDT
Hardware
Collection control plane Firewall Log Collection Collection Collection Unified DPI
Resolution
DT/ Frequency sweep
Resolution
Hardware collection Front-End Processor Device
Layer user plane
Server
Uu/X2 data
Server
collected S1-MME/S6a/SGs S1-U/S11 original

Software collection through software original code stream code stream
XDR Data
Unified Collection
Firewall
The terminal App DPI System Layer SCA MME SGW
collects user Data collection server

perception data.
VMAX: multi-dimensional value analysis expert system, a comprehensive monitoring and analysis platform in multiple dimensions
(network, service, user, terminal, and air interface)

60
VMAX All-Service Analysis Platform Application Deployment Internal use only
VMAX Application Scenarios E2E Internet Service Optimization Case
VMAX Improves user experience of six web portals and

five main-stream APPs
Value
Terminal analysis Precise marketing
discovery Supports comprehensive and business-level
Excellent User experience problem locating based on VMAX

O&M team QoS management guarantee
experience Management
Marketing PCEF policy optimization: After the PCEF policy is
flow
team Fine optimized, the Fackbook login success rate is
Network planning Network optimization
network
increased by 71%, and both the Web browsing
E2E Network (Wireless, Bearer, CN, Service) response rate and login success rate are increased
by 10%.
VMAX Increasing O&M Effciency After the ZTE VMAX service is
CDN parameter optimization: The CDN server
deployed, the ratio of complaints performance problems can be located precisely.
being directly completed by the CDN parameter optimization enables the Web
Customer response rate to increase from 30% to 92%.
Complaints O&M customer service increases from
service
Before the service 46% to 75%, and the complaint

130 (46%) 70 (54%)
(May) handling efficiency is increased by
After the service
160 (75%) 40 (25%) 29%.
(September)
61
Internal use only

Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
High Value
High Efficiency

62
Value Area Evaluation Model Internal use only
Value Evaluation
Result
Network Profit Network Maturity
Traffic Service User Coverage Load Perception
RLCGbytes
800000.00
700000.00
600000.00
500000.00
400000.00
300000.00
200000.00
100000.00
0.00
Concerns data Concerns Concerns VIP user Concerns Concerns the radio Concerns the user
traffic volume service types distribution RSRP&SINR resource usage download speed
Network value analysis: pyramid model, two aspects, six dimensions

63
Network Value Evaluation Process & Result Internal use only
Network Profit Evaluation Network Maturity Evaluation Network Value
Profit Evaluation Maturity Evaluation Coverage Value Property

Service
A High-profit area A Mature area AA High profit, mature network
Potential-profit B Developing area AB High profit, developing network

B
area
Traffic User
C Problem area Load Perception AC High profit, problem network
C Low-profit area
BA Potential profit, mature network
According to data traffic, users, and According to coverage, load, and Potential profit, developing
BB network
service types, network profit falls into perception, network maturity falls into
BC Potential profit, problem network
three types: three types:
CA Low profit, mature network
A: High-profit area A: Mature area
B: Potential-profit area B: Developing area CB Low profit, developing network
C: Low-profit area C: Problem area CC Low profit, problem network
Value area is used to evaluate eNodeBs or grids from two aspects and six dimensions, and give development suggestions.

64
Value Analysis Result Application Policies Internal use only
Low profit, good network: to High profit, poor network: to

increase profit improve the network
The network profit lags behind the The network development lags
network development. behind the network profit.
User Network
Value type: CA, CB, CC Value type: AB, AC, BC
Development Development
Maintaining Coordination The network profit matching the

High profit, good network: to Development Development network quality: to develop them
maintain the situation together
High profit (A), mature network (A) The network profit matches the
Value type: AA network development.
Value type: BB, CC
The developing network areas are focused in site planning.

65
Investment Sudoku: Precise Construction & Optimization to Increase Profits
Internal use only
Evaluation Object Analysis Line

Evaluation Direction Scenario Measure
High High-profit High-profit High-profit
profit problem area developing area mature area
Network Profit ABC
Potential Potential Potential Potential Coverage

profit problem area developing area mature area limitation 4G capacity
Precise
Maturity
expansion
construction
Load limitation
Precise Market measures
Low Low-profit Low-profit Low-profit
optimization Perception
profit problem area developing area mature area
limitation New software
functions
Network Maturity ABC
Parameter
Problem Development Maturity Precise Terminal
optimization
Profit
marketing characteristics
Transmission
Low-profit Potential- High-profit Market tracing User distribution optimization
area profit area area
Problem sites Developing sites Mature sites
Coverage Load Perception
Evaluation objects: To improve low-profit areas to be high-profits areas and improve network maturity; to improve low-profit areas to
be high-profit areas through precise marketing; to improve problem networks to be mature networks through precise construction
and precise optimization.
66
LTE Network Profit Analysis Internal use only
High-profit area(20054)
Potential-profit area(15802)
Low-profit area(27176)
High-profit area Potential-profit area Low-profit area

Number of grids 20054 (32%) 15802 (25%) 27176 (43%)
MR data: 63032 50*50 m2 grids; the total area is 157.58 km2

67
LTE Network Coverage Maturity Analysis Internal use only
Mature network coverage Developing network Problem network coverage

area coverage area area
Index requirement -100 dBm RSRP -55 dBm -105 dBm RSRP < -100 dBm -125 dBm RSRP < -105 dBm
Number of grids 42142 (67%) 10291 (16%) 10599 (17%)

68
LTE Network Value Analysis Internal use only
Planned Site
Number of
Grid Property Construction
Grids
Priority
High-profit
2184
network High
(3.46%)
development
High-profit 1019
High
network problem (1.62%)
Potential-profit 2073
High
network problem (3.29%)
Potential-profit
2903
network Medium
(4.61%)
development
Low-profit network 7507
Medium
problem (11.91%)
High-profit network 16851
Medium
High-profit network maturity maturity (26.73%)
High-profit network development

Low-profit network 5204
High-profit network problem Low
Potential-profit network maturity developments (8.26%)
Potential-profit network development Potential-profit 10826
Potential-profit network problem Low
network maturity (17.18%)
Low-profit network maturity
Low-profit network developments Low-profit network 14465
Low
Low-profit network problem maturity (22.95%)
The network value evaluation result involves network profits and coverage maturity, guiding subsequent network planning
construction.

69
Internal use only

Deep Coverage
Large Capacity
Stable Speed
High Value
High Efficiency

70
Constructing FDL Fine Networks by LTE Network Optimization Tools
Internal use only
Network optimization is based on MR and CDT

data of all users in the network. It breaks
The CNO and Health Guardian
NetMAX down the limitation of DT and CQT, reduces
are used in parameter
costs, and increases work efficiency.
planning and checking to
rapidly and accurately find
The comprehensive monitoring
out network problems,
CNO, Health and analysis platform involves
increasing work efficiency. VMAX
Guardian
multiple dimensions: network,
service, user, terminal, and air
interface.
Easy tests enable even non-

Neighbor cell, X2, and PCI self-
professionals to evaluate
optimization functions reduce manual
network coverage anytime T-phone SON labor costs and increase work efficiency.
and anywhere, reducing
manual cost.
Multi-dimensional, multi-platform, and high-efficiency network optimization tools are used to construct fine networks.

71
CNO Software Functions Internal use only
Data space management

Data import/export
Coverage indication distribution statistics Data deletion
Rasterization processing Existing network data recovery
Coverage distribution diagram
Pilot pollution analysis
Poor coverage analysis
Neighbor cell planning
PCI planning
PRACH planning
TOP N analysis
Access analysis
Dropped call analysis
CallTrace analysis Neighbor cell validity check
Handover analysis PCI validity check
Delay analysis PRACH validity check
E-RAB analysis

72
ZTE Network Helth Checker Software Functions Internal use only
LTE near missing neighbor cell LTE unidirectional neighbor cell

LTE unidirectional neighbor cell check
check check
LTE near missing neighbor cell check
LTE far neighbor cell check
LTE neighbor cell co-frequency co-PCI LTE cell MOD3 interference check
Check for super-high, super-near,
check and super-far sites
Optimization
LTE cell MOD3 interference check
functions
Consistency check for LTE external cell
parameters
Check for the number of LTE neighbor LTE super-far neighbor cell check LTE azimuth check
cells
LTE downtilt optimization
LTE azimuth check
Health Guardian greatly improves network optimization efficiency, reduces the manual check workload, and reduces the error
probability.

73
T-Phone+NIC Service Solution Internal use only
Portability
Developed based on the ZTE Q801 and ZTE Grand S3
Small size: 142 72 9.8 (mm), 154 77 9.8 (mm)
Safe storage
The test data is stored on the extended TF card, with a large capacity (a
maximum of 128 GB).
Practical functions
Embedded programs: automatic periodic dialing test, automatic response,
error statistics, GPS measurement, FTP upload/download, ping packet, and
T-Phone: Portable DT Device DT data backhaul.
NIC: Test Data Management, T-Phone

Remote Control
T-Phones all over the network work with the NIC back-end data center to monitor the entire network at any time.

74
Advantage of NetMAX-L-Based Network Optimization Internal use only
Improved CSI Experience Optimization Fine Network

Rapid Complaint
Service Optimization
Customer Service Processing Network Optimization
Network Optimization
Center
Network Problem Association Performance

System Management MR Analysis
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Coverage evaluation (one-dimensional,
Importing engineering parameters, radio
two-dimensional)
parameters, network management Call Trace analysis
Dropped call analysis
parameters, MR data, and CDT data Coverage association analysis TOP N analysis
Access analysis Association drill analysis
Manual or automatic data deletion Coverage problem analysis (poor coverage, Service failure cause analysis
overlapped coverage, and overshooting) Handover analysis Association analysis in
License management multiple dimensions, KPI statistics analysis
User-level event analysis
Optimization of neighbor cells, including CDR, signaling, Terminal performance analysis
GIS presentation, supporting the map
interference, and PCI MOD3 based on MR VIP user management and geography
formats including mapinfo, GE, and JPEG
data.
Rapid fault locating Terminal analysis

Improved Difficult problem locating Increased
The functions in red font User analysis
O&M Real-time network monitoring marketing
require IMSI information Service analysis
efficiency Marketing revenue
Network
provided by the CN. Department
O&M
The NetMAX can provide multi-dimensional analysis and problem locating for MR and CDT data, effectively increasing the network
optimization efficiency and accuracy.

75
VMAX Applications Internal use only
Improved Experience Optimization

Rapid Complaint Fine
CSI Processing Service Optimization Network
Customer Service Network Optimization Network Optimization
Center
User Experience Network Planning

Quality Analysis System Problem Locating Marketing Support
Management Support
Network quality analysis Analysis of the integration

User perception analysis
Service quality analysis of the wireless side, control
VAP user mining Hot service analysis
Terminal performance plane, and media plane Value grid analysis
3G/4G user data User preference analysis
analysis Intelligent locating of Precise network planning
association analysis Terminal service analysis
VoLTE QoS analysis problem causes based on QoS
VIP user service perception Precise marketing
Terminal-based APP Analysis and prediction of
monitoring
perception evaluation the problem causes
Improved Rapid fault locating Increased

User analysis
Difficult problem locating marketing
O&M Service analysis
Real-time network monitoring Marketing revenue
efficiency Network
O&M Department
Key functions of the E2E platform: quality analysis, user experience management,
problem locating, and planning support

76
SON Features Internal use only
PCI conflict and confusion optimization

X2 self-setup
X2 self-deletion
Handover parameter optimization
Intra-system handover parameter

adjustment
Intra-system reselection parameter
adjustment
Neighbor cell self-adding Inter-system handover parameter
Neighbor cell self-deleting adjustment
Rapid ANR Inter-system reselection parameter
adjustment
The SON function can reduce operating costs, increase work efficiency,
and improve network performance and stability.

77
Summary Internal use only
Flow
Operation
4G User Migration
4G Fine Network
VMAX/NetMAX/ Health Guardian

SON /CNO/Tphone
User
Capacity Speed Value Efficiency
Experience
Basic Coverage Deep Coverage
Constructing FDL Fine Networks Based on Six Dimensions and Network Optimization Tools

78
Contents


Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City S Internal use only
RSRP SINR
DL Throughput Test Route
The DT indexes are improved steadily, and the average downlink speed reaches 69 Mbps (bandwidth: 15 MHz).

80
Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City C: Grid-Based Network Quality Improvement
Internal use only
To improve the deep coverage effect and overall quality of

the FDD-LTE network in city C, a series of RF optimization
work has been performed for poor coverage, overshoot
coverage, and overlapped coverage.
With the optimization, all indexes have been improved.
Before After
Test Index
Optimization Optimization
Area 6 Coverage rate (%) 97.03% 98.53%
Area 4
Average RSRP (dBm) -82.85 -82.08
Area 7 Area 5 Proportion of RS-RSRP 95dBm 86.94% 89.23%
Area 1
Average RS-SINR (dBm) 15.3 16.22
Area 8
Area 2 Average downlink speed (Mbps) 36.5 42.06
Area 3 Overlapping coverage rate (%) 2.72% 2.2%

81
Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City C: Optimization in Key Areas Internal use only
Coverage Rate Average SINR

98.80% 98.77% 15.7
15.6
15.6
98.70% Coverage
15.5
98.60% capability
15.4
98.51% improvement 15.26
98.50% 15.3
15.2
98.40%
Network 15.1
98.30% interference 15
2015/6/9 2015/6/27 2015/6/9 2015/6/27
reduction
Coverage rate increased from 98.51% to 98.77% Average SINR increased from 15.26 dB to 15.6 dB
Average Downlink Speed (Mbps) Grid Excellence Ratio of Downlink Throughout 12

optimization Mbps
42 41.5
41 98.00% 96.41%
40
New 96.00%
product and
39 94.00%
38.2 new 91.50%
38 technology 92.00%
37 90.00%
36 88.00%
2015/6/9 2015/6/27 2015/6/9 2015/6/27
Average downlink speed increased from 38.2 Mbps to 41.5 Mbps Downlink speed excellence ratio increased from 91.5% to 96.41%
The optimization effects in key areas are obvious, and all indexes are stably improved.

82
Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City C: Specific Optimization 4G-to-3G RedirectionInternal
Proportion
use only
With the increase in the number of 4G users, the

number of redirections from 4G to 3G also increases.
The redirection proportion on weekend is higher than
that on workdays.
The proportion of the number of times of redirections
from 4G to 3G indicates that the number of redirections
to outdoor cells is much larger than that to indoor cells.
The 24-hour observation of the number of redirections
indicates that the number of redirections during the day
is much larger than that at night.
The observation of the 24-hour redirection ratio
Relationship Between the Number Relationship Between the indicates that the redirection ratio at night is much
of Redirections and Time Redirection Ratio and Time
larger than that at night. Because most users are
200000 7.00%
6.00%
150000 5.00% indoors at night, it indicates that the indoor deep
100000 4.00%
3.00%
50000 2.00%
1.00% coverage is not sufficient and should be improved.
0 0.00%

83
Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City C: Specific Optimization4G-to-3G Redirection Proportion Optimization
Internal use only
4G-to-3G Redirection Proportion Optimization Solution
According to 4G->eHRPD non-optimization handover (based on event A2, No. 40 test configuration) for UEs in connection status in the FDD-LTE
network in city C, the following parameters should be optimized in 3G/4G reselection for UEs in idle status.
Minimum LTE access level (selQrxLevMin)
Inter-system reselection level threshold (threshSvrLow)
Inter-system redirection levels (thresholdOfRSRP, hysteresis)
Thresholds for 3G-to-4G (elQrxLevMin, RXLEVMINEUTRA, and THRESHX)
Serving Carrier Low RSRP Threshold for 3G-to-4G

No. Qrxlevmin
Threshold Event Decision Parameter
Solution 1 -128 10 -120 -114
Solution 2 -130 10 -120 -114
Solution 3 -128 10 -125 -114
Solution 4 -128 6 -125 -114
Solution 5 -128 6 -125 -118
Solution 6 -126 6 -125 -118

84
Effectiveness of a Fine Network in City C: Specific Optimization4G-to-3G Redirection Proportion Optimization
Internal use only
4G-to-3G Redirection Proportion Optimization Effect
KPI Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Solution 4 Solution 5 Solution 6

Radio connection success
99.54% 99.46% 99.58% 99.47% 99.66% 99.60%
rate (%)
E-RAB dropped-call rate (%) 0.09% 0.14% 0.11% 0.10% 0.09% 0.09%
Intra-system outgoing
98.38% 98.49% 98.53% 98.51% 98.61% 98.63%
handover success rate (%)
Uplink PRB usage (%) 1.64% 1.68% 1.88% 1.89% 1.95% 1.83%
Downlink PRB usage (%) 2.34% 2.39% 2.48% 2.57% 2.58% 2.49%
Solution 5 provides the best parameter configuration.

85
Thank you

ZTE FDD-LTE Network Optimization Solution - R1.0 - 20160630

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ZTE FDD-LTE Network

Challenges for FDD-LTE Networks

FDD-LTE Network Evaluation and

FDD-LTE Network Optimization Examples

The construction of some difficult sites can be implemented through

Outdoors: Site Acquisition and Construction; Indoors: Deep Indoor Coverage

ZTE All rights reserved

Which areas have good network

User Analysis Marketing

ZTE All rights reserved

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User complaints cannot be backtracked,

There are no methods for locating delay problems

Weak coverage outside road areas is hard to be detected.

The DT devices are very complicated,

ZTE All rights reserved

Challenges for FDD-LTE Networks

FDD-LTE Network Evaluation and

FDD-LTE Network Optimization Examples

Comprehensive and accurate Abundant features: Increasing uplink

Site planning focuses on network- Coverage optimization refinement

ZTE All rights reserved

FDD-LTE Network Evaluation and

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Dimension KPI Baseline Expected Data

Average SINR xx xx DT Average RS SINR obtained through DT statistics 2

Distance between two neighbor sites Site height

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LTE Network Value Analysis

Value Cell Value/Potential Network

Evaluation of FDD-LTE Network Coverage Quality in Multiple Dimensions

ZTE All rights reserved

Average SINR (dB)

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Strictly prohibit "4-super"

Control the antenna

coverage and beam distortion. direction range, ensuring reliable signal

100~200 m RRU8862A/BS8912 Directional antennas are used due to

<100 m BS8912 Integrated eNodeBs use BYO antennas

Average RSRP Average

remotely on 10-m lampposts (15

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Dimension KPI Baseline Expected

Evaluation and analysis tools for deep Emulation tools

ZTE All rights reserved

Multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis

2/3/4G traffic data

Basis: value eNodeB/cell analysis

Determining weak-coverage areas through multi-dimensional evaluation

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Outdoor blind spots Residential areas Campuses

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Coverage Type Typical Scenario Product Model

Basic Common scenario, railways,

Business streets and sports

DAS Buildings, subways, airports, 8862

No DAS Newly built Qcell; 8862A to provide indoor

Blind/Hot Business halls, shopping Qcell; 8102

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Product Type Image Recommended Scenario Progress

DAS signal sources for large buildings

RRU as the signal source

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