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Communication Systems
Manju Rana
Roll No. - 00216414216
M.Tech ECE I Semester
MIMO
Multiple-input multiple-output is a multiple antenna
technology for communication in wireless systems.
Multiple antennas are used at both the source
(transmitter) and the destination (receiver).
MIMO technology takes the advantage of a radio-wave
phenomenon called multipath where transmitted
information bounces off walls, ceilings, and other
objects, reaching the receiving antenna multiple times
via different angles and at slightly different times.
MIMO
In wireless communication, the transmitted signals
are being attenuated by fading due to multipath
propagation and by shadowing due to large
obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver,
yielding a fundamental challenge for reliable
communication.
Transmission with multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO) antennas is a well-known diversity
technique to enhance the reliability of the
communication.
MIMO
With multiple antennas, multiple streams can be
sent out and hence, we can obtain a multiplexing
gain which significantly improves the
communication capacity.
MIMO
A signal can take many paths between a transmitter
and a receiver.
Additionally by moving the antennas even a small
distance the paths used will change. The variety of
paths available occurs as a result of the number of
objects that appear to the side or even in the direct
path between the transmitter and receiver.
Previously these multiple paths only served to
introduce interference. By using MIMO, these
additional paths can be used as advantage.
Principle of multipath propagation
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
Multiple-Access (MA) is a basic function in wireless
cellular systems. Generally speaking, MA techniques
can be classified as:
Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA)
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with SIC
Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)
The novelty of NOMA is to opportunistically allocate the
transmit power to different users by exploiting the difference
among the users channel conditions, e.g., users with poorer
channel conditions are allocated more transmission power.
In this way, these users are able to decode their own messages
by treating the others information as noise, since the power
level of their messages is higher. On the other hand, the users
with better channel conditions will use the successive
interference cancellation (SIC) strategy, i.e., they first decode
the messages of the users with poorer channel conditions and
then decode their own by removing the other users
information.
What is Massive MIMO?
Massive MIMO is a form of MU-MIMO systems
where the number of BS antennas and the
numbers of users are large. In Massive MIMO,
hundreds or thousands of BS antennas
simultaneously serve tens or hundreds of users in
the same frequency resource.
Massive MIMO
The more antennas the BS is equipped with, the
more degrees of freedom are offered and hence,
more users can simultaneously communicate in
the same time-frequency resource.
Massive MIMO is a cutting edge technology for
future 5G wireless networks.
Massive MIMO is a MU-MIMO cellular system
where the number of BS antennas and the
number users are large
Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO Downlink
Downlink (or forward link) is the scenario where
the BS transmits signals to all K users.
The antenna array selectively transmits a
multiplicity of data streams, all occupying the
same time/frequency resources, so that each user
receives only the data stream that is intended for
him.
Massive MIMO Downlink
the source sends a packet to when the destination receives it (in ms).
Connection density: Total number of connected and/or accessible