TRANSPORT HUB

FUNCTION OF TRANSPORT HUB

MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB
CASE STUDY
PORT TERMINAL
AIRPORT TERMINAL
RAIL TERMINAL
BUS TERMINAL
 THE FUNCTION OF TRANSPORT HUB
TRANSPORT HUB IS ANY LOCATION WHERE FREIGHT LOCATION:
AND PASSENGERS EITHER ORIGINATES, TERMINATES, The hub should be located such a way that it
OR IS HANDLED IN THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS. serve a large concentration of population and/or
industrial activities.
Location Specific transport hubs have specific locational
constraints.
New transport hubs tend to be located outside
central areas to avoid high land costs and congestion.
CONVERGENCE
Local
Obligatory points of passage.
Regional Invested on their geographical location which is
Global generally intermediate to commercial flows.
Infrastructures Created by the centrality or the intermediacy
of their respective locations.
ACCESSIBILITY
Accessibility Should be accessibility to other terminals
Transport hubs are essential links in transportation chains. (at the local, regional and global scale)
THE NATURE OF TRANSPORT HUB INFRASTRUCTURE
CONCEPT: Handle and transship freight or passengers.
All spatial flows, with the exception of personal vehicular Must accommodate current traffic and anticipate
and pedestrian trips, involve movements between hubs. future trends.
 MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB
WHEN MORE THAN ONE MODE IS INVOLVED, EACH MODE PROVIDES ACCESS TO THE NEXT IN A CHAIN CONNECT
THE TERM MULTIMODAL IS USED TO REPRESENT THE SYSTEM WITH MORE THAN ONE MODE, AND THE TERM
INTERMODAL TO REPRESENT THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ANY TWO OF THESE ELEMENTS CONNECTING AN ORIGIN TO A
DESTINATION.
MODES OF TRANSPORT :- The method of
transport used for the movement e.g. by rail,
road, sea or air.
MEANS OF TRANSPORT :- The vehicle used for
transport, e.g. ship, bus or aircraft.
UNIMODAL TRANSPORT :- The transport by
one mode of transport only, where each
agencies issues his own transport .

WAITING :-This is defined as the duration between

the a users arrival to a transport terminal and the
actual entry into the vehicle of the mode in question.
IN-VEHICLE TRAVEL :- This is the duration of time on
the vehicle.
TRANSFER :- This is defined as the duration between
one getting out of the previous mode and arriving at
the entrance point of the following mode.
 MULTI-MODAL PASSENGER REQUIREMENT
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Multi-modal planning refers to planning that 1.Minimum transfer time and distance between
considers various modes (walking, cycling
automobile, public transit, etc.) and modes by providing efficient circulation system
connections among modes. vertical movement facilities Lift , escalators , ramps
1. Traffic impact studies evaluate traffic impacts staircase etc.
and mitigation strategies for a particular 2. Horizontal movement facilitators conveyor belt ,
development or project.
2. Local transport planning develops municipal walkway moveable platform etc.
and neighbourhood transport plans. 3. Special care should be taken to enable easy
3. Regional transportation planning develops movement for the handicapped, aged, pregnant etc.
plans for a metropolitan region. 4. Comfort weather protection seating / resting
4. Strategic transportation plans develop long- facilities , refreshment toilets , phone booth ,
range plans, typically 20-40 years into the adequate illumination etc.
future
5. Corridor transportation plans identify
projects and programs to be implemented on
a specific corridor, such as along a particular
highway, bridge or route.
6. Mode- or area-specific transport plans
identify ways to improve a particular mode.
SUMMARY
TRANSIT HUB CASE STUDY: OWINGS MILLS METRO STATION
The Transit Hub Case Study is to identify and evaluate the existing station for development into the first public Transit Hubs.
Transit Hubs are terminals where several types of transportation connect, including pedestrian, bicycle, rail, metro, and
automobile. This case study will envision how these hubs will function, with a focus on way finding, clean transportation, and
better connections from mode to mode.
ISSUES : SOLUTIONS: KEY AMENITIES: NEARBY RESOURCES

Lacks transit choices Introduce a nonstop
Maps and signs are express electric bus that takes
insufficient. commuters from the station.
The parking lots do not Install EV charging station
offer EV charging Improved signs and maps
stations. can strengthen connections
There are few options and efficiently assist travelers.
for last mile connections. Cyclist and pedestrian
It is difficult for cyclist culture can be encouraged by
and pedestrians to adding bike lanes, safe route
safely reach the station. way finding, bike share, and by
initiating electric assist bicycles.
Utilities: Touch and Theaters, bars,
Go Ticket Center kiosk, emergency call restaurants,
box, ATM, up and down escalator and coffee shops are all
Assistance: Metro located within 0.25 mile
information desk radius.
Way finding: Bus Walkable attractions
route pamphlet wall include:
Wheelchair Accessible Mall, Theater ,County Public
Elevators to Metro platform, parking Library, Extension Center
spots Metro
Seating ,Bike, Parking ,Drop
off/pick up ,Public Art

CONCLUSIONS
With these recommendations the goal is to improve the efficiency and availability of connections from Owings Mills Metro station to
other nearby hubs, to create a safe way to bike and walk to the station, and to support clean transportation throughout Greater
Baltimore. Developing this station into a Transit Hub will persuade Owings Mills residents to use public transportation as away to
commute into Baltimore City, and encourage Baltimore City residents to ride the Metrointo Owings Mills, ultimately promoting the
city and leading to economic growth.
 OWINGS MILLS METRO STATION

NEWS STAND METRO TICKET KIOSKS

BIKE LOCKERS NEXT

BIKE RACKS
TO POLICE STAND

BUS ROUTE WAY FINDING DISPLAY BOARDS

CUSTOMER INFORMATION
AND POLICE BOOTH ENCLOSED SEATING AT PLATFORM
 PORT TERMINALS
MAIN FUNCTIONS PORT LOCATION INFRASTRUCTURES LAND ACCESS

Supply services to Convergence between two

Must have Access from the port to
freight (warehousing, domains of freight circulations:
infrastructures such as industrial complexes and
transshipment, etc.). Land and maritime domains.
piers, cranes and markets.
Supply services to Handle the largest amounts
ships (piers, refueling, of freight, more than any other
warehouses. Requires efficient inland
Infrastructures consume distribution systems, such
repairs, etc.). types of terminals combined.
land which must be as
Concomitantly a Infrastructures to
available to insure port fluvial, rail and road
maritime and land accommodate transshipment
expansion. transportation.
terminal. activities.

SPECIALIZATION:
Construction of specialized piers to handle freight such as containers, ores, grain, petroleum and coal.
Expansion of warehousing needs.
Larger high-capacity ships often required dredging or the construction of long jetties granting access to greater
depths.
Downstream migration.
Original port sites became obsolete and were abandoned.
Reconversion opportunities of port facilities to other uses (waterfront parks, housing and commercial
developments).
 THE EVOLUTION OF A PORT INTO A TRANSPORT HUB
Singapore: Outlet of the strategic Strait of Malacca. Convergence of S.E Asian transportation.
Setting Expansion Specialization

4
4 4
3 5
1 2
2 3 4 4

Downtown Terminal facilities Rail

Water depth Reconversion
Urban expansion Port-related activities Highway
Basic Constraints of Port Sites
Land Access Regional
Maritime Space
Regional
Land Space
PORT FUNCTIONS port port

Foreland
Hinterland
Land Space Supply services to
FDC FDC
freight
Port Supply services to
Infrastructures Interface
ships. Main port Main port
Concomitantly a
Maritime Space

merchandises
maritime and land

Services to
Export activity

Services to
Import activity

ships
terminal. Rail transport
Maritime
transport Infrastructure
Road transport
Maritime Access FDC Freight distribution center

SITE REQUIREMENTS
Airfields:
Runways and parking areas should be
long
enough to accommodate the takeoff and
landing of commercial planes.
Slope (less 1%), altitude and
meteorological
conditions.
About 32 movements (landings and
takeoffs)
per hour are possible on a commercial
runway
under optimal conditions.
Terminals:
Freight and passenger transit
infrastructures.
Infrastructures for plane
accommodation.
Linked with local transport systems
AIRPORT TERMINALS
LAND REQUIREMENTS AIRPORT FUNCTIONS
Land required by modern airport Airport activities
operations is considerable: Terminal activities:
Landing and take off of planes. Parking, ground transportation,
Buffer between the adjacent checking in, baggage-claiming,
restoration, retailing and
urban areas to limit the noise maintenance.
generated. Provide services to passengers
Parking areas in airports located and freight.
in car dependent cities. Airfield activities:
Peripheral sites: Loading and unloading planes,
Sufficient quantities of land maintenance and traffic control.
available. Provide services to aircrafts.
The more recently an airport was
constructed, the more likely this
airport is to be located far from
the city center.
Expansion and relocation:
Extremely difficult as most airports
are now surrounded.
Only sites available are far from the
urban core.
Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Terminal

Light Rail System

To Kowloon
and Hong Kong

Location
Not as space-extensive as
airports and ports.
Rail terminals suffer less from
site constrains
Passengers and freight
terminals: Different locations
preferable
Central railway stations:
Feature of most cities and tend to
be located in downtown areas.
Key elements of urban centrality
and activity.
Freight rail stations:
Consume more space.
Tend to be located at the
periphery.
Older yards tend to be located at
the margin of CBDs.
RAIL TERMINALS
Station Facilities
One of the primary functions of transit
way stations is the provision of facilities
so that transit patrons can access the
transit way. All transit way stations
should provide:
Facilities that support access for
customers of all ages and abilities
Facilities that support access for
pedestrians and people using
wheelchairs or bicycles, including
providing bicycle parking
Station platforms.
Waiting shelters for all public transit
routes serving the station
Provision for short-term pick-up/drop-off
of transit patrons by shuttle, taxi, etc.
Passenger requirments
Communication systems operation
and maintenance.
Cloak room management
Operation and Maintenance of Pay &
use toilets/showers
Provision of Cyber Cafes/ATMs etc
Book stalls and miscellaneous stalls in
commercial areas of the station
Food Courts, Catering stalls, other
than those in the platforms/passenger
concourse.
Waiting room (free) h) Paid Lounges
Escalator/lift upkeep and operation
Supply and distribution of potable
and non potable water including
operation and maintenance of
pumping installations, excluding
bottled water.
Emergency medical care facilities
Central Train Station, Amsterdam TGV Train at Gare de Lyon, Paris, France

Quai d'Orsay Museum, Paris, France

 BUS TERMINALS
INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL ,CHANDIGARH

A schematic representation of the functional attributes in bus

terminal.