2007 Structures Congress

Selected New Provisions

of ASCE/SEI 7-2005:

Jim Harris John Hooper

J. R. Harris & Company Magnusson Klemencic Associates
Denver, Colorado Seattle, Washington
May 18, 2007
 Overview
Reorganization
New maps; Long period map
New systems, revised R factors and limitations
Diaphragm assumptions
Redundancy factor
Dynamic analysis triggers
Near fault spectral shape applicability
Modal response spectrum analysis
Simplified design method

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 2

 ASCE 7-05 Reorganization
Goals of Seismic Section Reorganization
1. To improve clarity and use
2. Reduce depth of section numbering from 6 max
typical to 4 max typical
(i.e. Sec. 9.5.2.5.2.2 is now Sec. 12.5.3)
3. Simplify table and figure numbering
(i.e. Table 9.5.2.5.1 is now Table 12.6-1)
4. Create logical sequence of provisions aim at the
structural engineering community
5. Improve headings and clarify ambiguous provisions

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 3

 ASCE 7-05 Reorganization
1. Changed major subjects to Chapters rather than
Sections (similar to the IBC)
2. Replaced Section 9 with Chapters 11-23
3. Incorporated the material appendices
4. Put the Chapters into a logical sequence
5. Rewrote ambiguous headings
6. Examined and rewrote sections to eliminate
ambiguity
7. Provided Cross Reference Table C-11-102 to 05
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 4
 Comparison of Contents
ASCE 7-2002 Sections ASCE 7-2005 Chapters
1. General 1. General
2. Combinations of 2. Combinations of
Loads Loads
3. Dead Loads 3. Dead Loads, Soil
4. Live Loads and Hydrostatic
5. Soil and Hydrostatic 4. Live Loads
and Flood Loads 5. Flood Loads

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 5

 Comparison, continued
ASCE 7-2002 Sections ASCE 7-2005
Chapters
6. Wind Loads
7. Snow Loads 6. Wind Loads
8. Rain Loads 7. Snow Loads
9. Earthquake Loads 8. Rain Loads
10. Ice Loads 9. (not used)
A. Supplemental (QA) 10. Ice Loads
B. Serviceability 11. - 23. Seismic
A & B. QA & Existing

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 6

 Seismic Contents
ASCE 7-2002 ASCE 7-2005
9.1 General Provisions 11. Seismic Design
9.2 Definitions/ Criteria
Symbols 12. Seismic Design
9.3 (not used) Requirements for
9.4 Ground Motion Building Structures
9.5 Structural Design 13. Seismic Design
Criteria, Analysis, Requirements for
and Procedures Nonstructural Comp.

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 7

 Seismic Contents, continued
ASCE 7-2002 ASCE 7-2005
9.6 Arch, Mech, Elect 14. Material Specific
Comp and Sys 15. Nonbuilding
9.7 Foundations Structures
9.8 Steel 16. Response Hist Anal
9.9 Concrete 17. Seismic Isolation
9.10 Composite Struct. 18. Damping Systems
9.11 Masonry 19. Soil-Struct.
Interact.

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 8

 Seismic Contents, continued
ASCE 7-2002 ASCE 7-2005
9.12 Wood 20. Site Classification
9.13 Seismic Isolation 21. Site-Specific
9.14 Nonbuilding Ground Motions
Structures 22. Maps
A9. Quality 23. Reference Docs
Assurance 11A. Quality
Assurance
11B. Existing
Buildings
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 9
 11 Seismic Design Criteria
11.1 General
11.2 Definitions
11.3 Notation
11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
11.5 Importance Factor
11.6 Seismic Design Category
11.7 Design Reqts for Category A
11.8 Geologic Hazards & Geotechnical Invest.
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 10
 11.1 Purpose
specified earthquake loads are based upon
post-elastic energy dissipation in the
structure, and because of this fact, the
requirements for design, detailing, and
construction shall be satisfied even for
structures and members for which load
combos w/o EQ exceed those with EQ

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 11

 11.4 Seismic Ground Motions
1 Determine basic values from maps for
bedrock conditions
2, 3 Classify soil conditions at site and
determine site coefficients
4 Determine site-adjusted values
5 Take two-thirds for use in design
6 Construct design response spectrum
7 Site-specific studies permitted/required
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 12
 Mapped Acceleration Parameters
Two updated sets of basic maps for the response
spectrum accelerations
SS for spectral response acceleration at 0.2 secs
S1 for spectral response acceleration at 1.0 secs
New map for long period transition: TL in
seconds

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 13

Ground Motion Parameters & Seismic Hazard
Mapped Contours of SS SS and S1 are the
mapped 2% in 50 year
spectral accelerations
for firm rock

SDS and SD1 are the

design level spectral
accelerations (modified
for site and expected
good performance)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 14

 General Comparison of Maps
With ASCE 7-02
Changes everywhere,
but mostly minor
Deterministic area
around New Madrid
2007 Structures Congress
With UBC 97
Lots of change
Lower in most areas
Higher in high hazard
areas, except near fault
in California
Three maps, not one
Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 15
Long Period Transition Maps (Fig 22.15)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 16

 Site Specific Studies
Clarification of two types:
Basic ground motion hazard at a point in rock
Site amplification in overburden soil
First type never required, but permitted;
limits placed upon results
Second type encouraged; required in some
instances

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 17

Cumulative Nature of Provisions
by Seismic Design Category

A B C D E F

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 18

 Seismic Design Category A
11.7 is a self-contained section; defines E
Horizontal force = 1% of dead load
Load path for horizontal forces
connections = 5% of weight of smaller part
Beam, truss connections = 5% D + L
Anchor concrete and masonry walls
280 pounds per foot
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 19
 Geologic Hazards and
Geotechnical Investigations
SD Category E and F:
Do not locate on active fault
SD Category C:
Evaluate slope instability, liquefaction,
differential settlement, surface displacement
SD Category D, E, F:
More detail than C plus lateral pressures on
basement walls and retaining walls

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 20

 Overview
Reorganization
New maps; Long period map
New systems, revised R factors and limitations
Diaphragm assumptions
Redundancy factor
Dynamic analysis triggers
Near fault spectral shape applicability
Modal response spectrum analysis
Simplified design method

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 21

12 Seismic Design of Building Structures
1 Design Basis 8 ELF Method
2 Structural Systems 9 Modal RS Method
3 Diaphragm Flexibility; 10 Diaphragms, Chords
Configuration; & Collectors
Redundancy 11 Structural Walls (out-
4 Load Effects & of-plane)
Combinations of Loads 12 Drift and
5 Direction of Loading Deformation
6 Selection of Analysis 13 Foundation Design
7 Modeling Criteria 14 Simplified Alternate
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 22
 12.1.1 Basic Requirements
Strength, Stiffness, Energy Dissipation
Design Motion in Any Horizontal Direction
Construct Mathematical Model
Evaluate Model for Effects
Limitations on methods of evaluation
Modifications to internal forces (R, 0)
Modifications to deformations (Cd)
Alternate Procedures Must Be Consistent
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 23
 Minimum Connection Forces
Very Similar to 11.7 for SD Category A
Continuous Load Path: from point of
application to final point of resistance
0.133 SDS WP 0.05 WP
Does not apply to overall design of SFRS
(Seismic Force Resisting System)
Beams, Trusses to Support 5% of D + L

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 24

12.2 Structural System Requirements

1. System identification and limitations

2. Combos of systems: different direction
3. Combos of systems: same direction
4. Combos of systems: detailing
5. Specific system requirements

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 25

 System Identification
Basic lateral and vertical SFRS shall
conform to one (or a permitted combo) of
the systems from Table 12.2-1
Selected SFRS shall be designed and
detailed per referenced requirements
SFRS not from table permitted only if
analytical and test data establish basis

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 26

 Basic system parameters
Obtain from table and use in seismic design:
R Response Modification Factor
- measure of system inelastic capabilities
Cd Deflection Amplification Factor
- increase elastic to total
o System Overstrength Factor
- accounts for actual strength greater
than design strength; used to protect
vulnerable items.

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 27

 R factor comparisons
System 97 02 05
Special RC Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 5 5
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 4 4
Special RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 6 6
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5 5
Intermed Precast Shear Wall (b f) -- -- 5
Ord Precast Shear Wall (b f) -- -- 4

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 28

 R factor comparisons
System 97 02 05
Special RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 5 5
Intermed RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 3.5 3.5
Ord RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 2 2
Special RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5.5 5.5
Intermed RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 4 4
Ord RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 2.5 2.5

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 29

 R factor comparisons
System 97 02 05
Special Steel Concentric BF 6.4 6 6
Ordinary Steel Concentric BR 5.6 6 3.25
Special RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 6 6
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5 5
Eccentrically Braced Frame (with) 7 8 8
Eccentrically Bracked Frame (w/out) 7 7 7
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 30
 R factor comparisons
System 97 02 05
Light Frame with SWP (bearing) 5.5 6 6.5
Light Frame with other (bearing) 4.5 2 2
Light Frame with SWP (bldg frm) 6.5 6.5 7
Light Frame with other (bldg frm) 5 2.5 2.5
Light Frame with straps (bearing) 2.8 4 4

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 31

 Height Limits
Most shear wall and braced frame systems
limited to 160 feet high in SD Categories D
and E, and to 100 feet in SD Category F
These limits can be increase to 240 feet and
160 feet, respectively for some structures
No line resists more than 60% of base shear
Torsional force < 20% of total force in the line
Many exceptions, especially for nonbuilding

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 32

 Concrete Shear Wall - Frame
Limited to SD Category B
Ordinary detailing for wall and frame
Analyze for interaction and provide as a
minimum
Walls strong enough for 0.75 Vx at each story
Frames strong enough for 0.25 Vx at each story

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 33

12.3 Diaphragms, Configuration,
and Redundancy
1. Diaphragm Flexibility in Analysis
2. Identification of Irregularities in System
Configuration
3. Limitations on and Penalties for
Irregularities
4. Redundancy
Significant changes from prior edition

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 34

 Diaphragm Flexibility
Assume Flexible if Assume Rigid if
Wood or steel deck with Concrete slab (or filled
concrete or masonry deck) with span to depth
walls < 3 and no horizontal
irregularity
1 or 2 family residential
if light frame Otherwise:
Compute Must analyze system
including actual
Dia > 2 * vert stiffness of diaphragm!

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 35

Configuration: Basic Parameters

Size

Shape
Proportion
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 36
 Plan Irregularities
Type Measure
1a Torsional irregularity corner > 1.2 center
1b Extreme torsional irregularity corner > 1.4 center
Note: torsional irregularity not checked for flexible diaphragms
2 Re-entrant corners Both projections > 15%
of respective sides
3 Diaphragm discontinuity 50% change in a level or
from level to level
4 Out-of-plane offsets absolute
5 Nonparallel systems absolute

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 37

 Vertical Irregularities
Type Measure
1a Stiffness-Soft Story Story stiffness < 70% above
1b Stiffness- Extreme Soft Story Story stiffness < 60% above
2 Weight (Mass) More than 150% adjacent story
Note: 1 and 2 dropped if no story drift exceeds 130% of story above
3 Vertical Geometric Length of SFRS >130% of that
in adjacent story
4 In-Plane Discontinuity Offset > length of element or a
reduction in stiffness below
5a Capacity-Weak Story Lat strength < 80% of above
5b Extreme Weak Story Lat strength < 65% of above

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 38

 Configuration Limitations
Horiz 1b not permitted in SD Cat E+
Vert 1b, 5a not permitted in SD Cat E+
Vert 5b not permitted in SD Cat D+
Vert 5b limited to 2 stories or 30 feet in SD
Cat B or C, unless weak story strength
capable of 0 times design force

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 39

 Configuration Penalties
Horiz 4 and Vert 4 (column, slab, beam, or
truss elements supporting discontinuous
elements) to resist 0 force (all SD
Categories)
Horiz 1, 2, 3, 4 and Vert 4 have 25%
increase in force for connection of
diaphragm to vert element and collectors in
SD Cat D+; also reqd for collectors except
those already designed for 0 force
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 40
 Overview
Reorganization
New maps; Long period map
New systems, revised R factors and limitations
Diaphragm assumptions
Redundancy factor
Dynamic analysis triggers
Near fault spectral shape applicability
Modal response spectrum analysis
Simplified design method

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 41

 Redundancy factor
Seismic Design Category Reliability Factor

B or C
1.0
D, E or F 1.0 or 1.3

is always 1.0 for drift and P-delta calcs and for design of:
Nonstructural components
Nonbuilding structures not similar to buildings
Members designed for 0 forces
Diaphragms
Structures with damping systems
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 42
 Redundancy Factor = 1.3
Unless following loss does not an extreme
torsional irregularity and does not reduce
story strength by more than 33%:
Braced frame: removal of a single brace
Moment frame: loss of moment resistance
at both ends of a single beam (or at base of
a single cantilever column)
Shear walls: removal of any single pier
with h/l > 1.0 (or collector to such a pier)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 43

12.6 Analysis Method Selection
Methods Defined
Equivalent (Static) Lateral Force: ELF
Modal Response Spectrum: MRS
Seismic Response History (Linear and
Nonlinear): SRH (Defined in section 16)
Alternate classifications:
Static / Dynamic Max / Dynamic History
Linear / Nonlinear
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 44
 What type of Analysis?
The answer depends on:
what performance level you
are hoping to achieve
the configuration of the
structure
how accurate you need to be
A wide range of choices are
available-

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 45

 Superior Performance Levels

Joes
Beer!
Food!

Behavior will be essentially elastic

For regular structures with short periods, linear static
procedures are fine
For regular structures with long periods and all
irregular structures - linear dynamic procedures are
better, response spectra accurate enough
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 46
 Poorer Performance Levels

Inelastic behavior is significant (elastic analyses

are the wrong approach!)
For structures dominated by first mode response,
pushover analysis may be adequate
For structures with significant hire mode response,
nonlinear time history necessary

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 47

 Methods Permitted
SD Cat B and C: any defined method
SD Cat D+: ELF permitted for
Occ Cat I/II < 3 stories
Occ Cat I/II of light frame < 4 stories
Reg structures with T < 3.5 TS
Reg structures of light frame any T
Irreg structure with T < 3.5 TS limited to horiz
types 2, 3, 4, or 5 and vert types 4, 5a, or 5b
Other SD Cat D+ must use MRS or SRH
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 48
 Design Response Spectrum
0.7

0.6
Sa = SD1 / T
0.5 Sa = SDS(0.4 + 0.6 T/T0)
Spectral Acceleration, g

0.4 Drawn for

SS = 1.0, Fa = 1.0
0.3

0.4SDS S1 = 0.4, Fv = 1.5

0.2
TL = 4
Sa = SD1 TL / T2
0.1

0.0
0
T0 TS 1 2 3 4
Period, seconds
5 6 7

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 49

 Design Response Spectrum
0.7

Sa = SD1 / T Drawn for

0.6
SS = 1.0, Fa = 1.0
0.5
S1 = 0.4, Fv = 1.5
TL = 4
Spectral Acceleration, g

0.4
Sa = SDS(0.4 + 0.6 T/T0)
0.3
Sa = 0.5 S1
0.4SDS
0.2

Sa = SD1 TL / T2
0.1

0.0
0
T0 TS 1 2 3 4
Period, seconds
5 6 7

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 50

 12.8 ELF Method of Analysis
1. Seismic Base Shear: V = CSW
2. Period Determination
3. Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
4. Horizontal Distribution of Forces
5. Overturning
6. Story Drift Determination
7. P-Delta Effects

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 51

 Seismic Coefficient
Basic rules are the design spectrum adjusted
for R and I: C S DS S D1 S D1TL
R R 2 R
s

T T
I I I
Cs 0.01 (new minimum)

S1
Also, where S1 > 0.6: Cs 0.5
R

I
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 52
 Adjustments to Base Shear
Soil-Structure Interaction per Section 19 is
permitted
Low rise buildings in high ground motion
areas:
If stories < 6 and T < 0.5 seconds
Can use SS = 1.5 max

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 53

 12.8.2 Period of Vibration
Follow modeling SD1 Cu
criteria in 12.7 to > 0.4 1.4
compute T 0.3 1.4
Upper bound for forces: 0.2 1.5
T CuTa 0.15 1.6
<0.1 1.7

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 54

 Approximate Period
Ta C hx
t n

Structure Ct x
100% Moment Frames:
Steel 0.028 0.8
Concrete 0.016 0.9
Eccentrically Braced 0.03 0.75
All others 0.02 0.75

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 55

 What is hn? Concept of Base
Masonry
RC frame wall

hn hn

RC wall
Base

Base
RC wall

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 56

 Alternate Estimates for Ta
100% moment frames up to 12 stories with
story heights at least 10 feet: , Ta = 0.1N

Shear walls of concrete or masonry:

2
100 hn
x
Ai

0.0019
Ta hn Cw
Cw AB i 1 hi hi
2

1 0.83
Di

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 57

 Vertical Distribution of Force
Equivalent static force at level x: Fx CvxV
k n
wh
Cvx Story Shear: Vx Fi
x x
n

w h
i 1
i i
k i x

where
wi , wx: Portion of W assigned to level i or x
hi , hx: Height of level i or x above base
k sets the shape of distribution and depends on T
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 58
Shape of Vertical Distribution
1 k 2: Varies with T
For T 0.5, k = 1 (linear distribution)
For T 2.5, k = 2 (parabolic distribution;
impact of higher modes)
For 0.5 < T < 2.5, k = 2 or
k = 0.75 + T/2
(interpolation)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 59

 ELF - Story Shears
n
Vx Fi Sum the story forces from the top down
ix
Distribution of story forces intended to give proper envelope
of maximum story shears for a regular building. It does not
give envelope of maximum story forces.

F V

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 60

 ELF - Horizontal Distribution
Distribute story shear to vertical elements
per relative stiffness of vertical elements and
diaphragm
Account for computed (inherent) torsion - eccentricity
between mass and resistance
Add accidental torsion, except for flexible diaphragms
Amplify torsion if torsionally irregular

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 61

 Torsional Irregularity
max av g
min

max 1.2 irregular

avg 1.4 extreme

2
For S.D. Category C, D, E or F accidental max
eccentricity must be multiplied by Ax where Ax 3.0
1.2
avg

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 62

 ELF - Overturning Moments
n Story force times height
M x Fi hi hx to level under consideration.
ix
Overestimate where higher .
modes are significant
Prior codes allowed up to a 20% reduction in tall buildings
Now require modal analysis for such structures, thus this
provision is now deleted
Moment can be reduced 25% at foundation, permitting
some rocking

F V M
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 63
 Definition of Drift
Cd xe
Structural displacement, x
where, I

xe Elastic deflection calculated

from design forces
Cd Deflection amplification factor
I Importance factor

No reduction for ASD,

but, can ignore limit on T
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 64
 Stability: P- Effects

Deflection introduces P- moment

which increases deflection, which
increases moment ..
P
Structure must be designed to
prevent collapse due to P-
effects

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 65

 Stability: P- Effects
Determine stability coefficient, , for each story
Px

Vx hsxCd

If > 0.10 at any level, then all design forces and

moments must be increased by factor 1+ad

where ad
1
0.5
Check max 0.25
Cd
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 66
 Derivation of Stability Factor
P f
P
V V V
k
h

Undeformed Deformed Response
A B C
Equilibrium at B: Vh P f k f h 0
V f h
Define: k o V , then Vh P f 0
o o o
Rearranging terms: f
P
1 o 1
2007 Structures Congress
Vh Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 67
 P-Delta
What if your analysis program includes
P-Delta and you dont want to make a
second set of output?
max must still be checked
Compute * from displacements that
include P-Delta, then
*
max
1 *
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 68
 12.9 Modal Response Spectrum
Analysis Method
1. Minimum Number of Modes
2. Adjustment of Response Parameters by
R/I (forces) and Cd/I (displacements)
3. Combining Modes for Total Response
4. Scaling of Design Values
5. Horizontal Shear Distribution, Torsion
6. P-Delta
7. Soil Structure Interaction
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 69
 M.R.S. Analysis
Include enough modes to obtain a combined
modal mass participation of at least 90% of
the actual mass in each of the orthogonal
directions of response
Short period branch of spectrum is usable
Divide spectrum by (R/I) to obtain force
responses
Multiply each displacement by (Cd/I)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 70

 Combining Modal Results
Basic rule is Square Root of Sum of
Squares (SRSS)
Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
always permitted (see ASCE 4)
CQC required where modal periods are
closely spaced or where translational and
torsional modes are cross correlated

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 71

 Design Response Spectrum
0.7

0.6
Sa = SD1 / T
0.5 Sa = SDS(0.4 + 0.6 T/T0)
Spectral Acceleration, g

0.4 Drawn for

SS = 1.0, Fa = 1.0
0.3

0.4SDS S1 = 0.4, Fv = 1.5

0.2
TL = 4
Sa = SD1 TL / T2
0.1

0.0
0
T0 TS 1 2 3 4
Period, seconds
5 6 7

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 72

 Scaling Modal Results
Compute limiting base shear, V, by ELF; if T
exceeds CuTa, then use T = CuTa
Compare 85% of this force with combined
modal base shear, Vt
If Vt < 0.85V then multiply all combined
response quantities from modal analysis by
0.85V / Vt

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 73

 M.R.S. Analysis
Critical direction of load applies (orthogonal
combinations)
Inherent torsion automatically included
Accidental torsion: two choices:
Offset mass to achieve accidental eccentricity
- Include static torsion as a load case
P-Delta applies as for ELF
Soil Structure Interaction analysis permitted

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 74

 12.12 Drift and Deformation
1. Story Drift
Satisfy limits per table; occupancy is factor
If irregular, include torsion effect in SD Cat C+
Divide allowable by for MF in SD Cat D+
2. Diaphragm Deflection
3. Building Separation
4. Compatibility for SD Category D+
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 75
 Drift Ratio Limits
Structure Occupancy Category UBC
I or II III IV
4 stories, no masonry 0.025 0.020 0.015 0.025*
Masonry cantilever 0.010 0.010 0.010
Other masonry 0.007 0.007 0.007
All other 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.020*

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 76

 Deformation Compatibility
Applies to
SD Category D+
All structural components not in SFRS
Check capacity for gravity load combined
with effects induced from design drift;
rational analysis of restraint required
ACI 318 Chap 21 acceptable alternate
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 77
 Overview
Reorganization
New maps; Long period map
New systems, revised R factors and limitations
Diaphragm assumptions
Redundancy factor
Dynamic analysis triggers
Near fault spectral shape applicability
Modal response spectrum analysis
Simplified design method

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 78

 12.14 Simplified Alternate
1. General (Limitations/Eligibility)
2. Design Basis (& Load Combinations)
3. SFRS Identification (& Combinations)
4. Diaphragm Flexibility
5. Direction of Loading
6. Design & Detailing: Load path connections,
collectors, wall anchorage
7. ELF Analysis

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 79

 Limitations
Occupancy Category I or II
Site Class A, B, C, or D
1, 2, or 3 stories
Bearing Wall or Building Frame System
Braced frames or shear walls
No unbraced (moment) frames
Regular
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 80
 Torsional Regularity
Flexible diaphragms:
Overhang (cantilever) < depth / 5
Controls displacement at edge
Controls torsion in non-flexible
Non-flexible diaphragm
Eccentricity < 15% width of diaphragm
Minimum torsional stiffness

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 81

Torsion m n
e1 2 m
1i 1i 2 j 2 j
k d
i 1
2
k d
j 1
2
2.5(0.05 )b1 k1i
b1 i 1

k1i - lateral stiffness, wall i parallel to 1

k2j - lateral stiffness, wall j parallel to 2
d1i,- the distance from the wall i to the
center of rigidity, perpendicular to axis 1
d2j is the distance from the wall j to the
center of rigidity, perpendicular to axis 2
e1 is the distance perpendicular to axis 1
between the center of rigidity and the
center of mass
b1 is the width of the diaphragm
perpendicular to axis 1
m is the number of walls in direction 1
n is the number of walls in direction 2

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 82

 Regularity
Limit skewed alignments to 15 degrees
Use simplified method for design in both
horizontal directions
No in-plane or out-of-plane offsets
Exception: shear walls in 2 story light frame
Must use 0 ( = 2.5 for all structures)
No weak stories (80% rule)
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 Seismic Design Category
Limited to Occupancy groups I and II
Only use SDS, therefore
SDS < 0.33 gives Category B
SDS < 0.50 gives Category C
SDS > 0.50 gives Category D
Can have Category E if S1 is high

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 Combined Effects
Vertical Seismic Load = 0.2 S DS W
Combine positive vertical seismic load
where gravity and effect of horizontal
seismic add; combine negative vertical
seismic load where gravity offsets effect of
horizontal seismic
Orthogonal combinations not required

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 85

 R Factor Table
Includes wood shear walls, all concrete and
masonry walls and all steel bracing systems
special, ordinary, intermediate, plain,
detailed, etc and composite steel/concrete
walls
Includes specific citations to reference
standards for detailing the systems
No Cd or 0 factors here

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 86

 Detailed Rules
Connections: 0.2SDSwi or 0.05wi
Openings and corners in shear panels
Collectors: 0 = 2.5 (except light frame)
Diaphragms:
use the story force
provide continuous ties
Anchor concrete/masonry walls (flexible)
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 Detailed Rules
No orthogonal combinations
Redundancy factor = 1.0
Bearing walls: out of plane = 0.4SDSwc
Nonstructural components same as any
other building

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 88

 Simplified ESF Analysis
Base Shear Story factor F =
F S DS 1.0 for one story
V W
R 1.1 for two stories
1.2 for three stories
Story Force Same acceleration at all
F S DS levels of building (very
Fi wi simple!)
R
No I factor, No period T
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 89
 Simplified Response
Acceleration
Use only SDS; dont use S1S
2
Equation S DS Fa SS
3

Site response amplifier Fa =

1.0 for rock
1.4 for soil
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 90
 Drift and Separation
Do not have to check drift
Use 1% drift for purposes of building
separation, nonstructural component
compatibility, etc, unless actually computed

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 Overview
Introduction to Earthquake Engineering
Basic Criteria in ASCE 7 2005
Ground Motions
Response Spectrum
Occupancy and Seismic Design Categories
Seismic Design for Buildings
Basic Requirements
System Requirements
Analysis
Diaphragms, Walls, Foundations
Simplified Method

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 92

 Errata
Go to the SEI website
www.seinstitute.org
Go to the Publications in the bar at the top
Click on the Errata tab
Download pdf files for ASCE 7-05 (and any
other structural standards you may need)

2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 93