Lesson 2

Computer
a programmable electronic device
designed to accept data, perform
operations, and provide output.
is capable of accepting data that
comes in many forms such as
symbol, number, letters in the
alphabet, or combination of these
 Capabilities of Computer
1. Computers has the ability to perform
mathematical and logical operations.
2. It can process data at a very fast
speed with almost perfect accuracy.
3. It can store a great amount and variety
of operations.
 Capabilities of Computer
4. It can handle volumes of repetitive task
accurately over long period of time
5. It can communicate with its operators
and other machines.
 Limitations of Computer
1. It can only carry out those operations
that a person has programmed or
instructed to perform.
2. It can detect, but generally, cannot
correct wrong input or instructions.
3. It is subject to occasional breakdown
or malfunction.
 The Computer System
1. HARDWARE - the physical component or
tangible parts of the computer system.
1.1 . Input devices keyboard, mouse, scanner,
joystick, camera
1.2. Central Processing Unit
1.3. Output Device monitor, printer, speaker
1.4. Secondary Storage Device hard drive,
flash drive, CD/DVD, floppy disk
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES - Accepts data and instructions
from the user or from another computer system.

A. KEYBOARD is a typewriter like

device use for inputting data. It is
the most commonly used input
device.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
B. MOUSE The most common
'pointing device' used in PCs. Every
mouse has two buttons (left & right)
and most have one or two scroll
wheels.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
C. Scanner a device that can read
text or illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information into a
form the computer can use.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
D. Light Pen A light-sensitive
stylus wired to a video terminal used
to draw pictures or select menu
options.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
E. Web Camera is an optical
instrument that records images that
can be stored directly, transmitted
to another location, or both.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
F. Microphone Audio input
devices also known as speech or
voice recognition systems that allow
a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording,
or carrying out commands.
 2. Central Processing Unit
- The processor is the main brain
or heart of a computer system. It
performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and
manages the flow of information
through a computer.
 3. Output Device
- Any piece of computer hardware
that displays results after the
computer has processed the input
data that has been entered.
 3. Output Device
3.1. Monitor - It displays information
in visual form, using text and
graphics. The portion of the monitor
that displays the information is
called the screen or video display
terminal. Three types of monitor:
CRT (Cathode ray tube) LCD (liquid
crystal display) LED (Light emission
display).
 Monitor:
CRT LCD

LED
 3. Output Device
3.2. LCD Projector -utilize two
sheets of polarizing material with a
liquid crystal solution between them.
An electric current passed through
the liquid causes the crystals to
align so that light cannot pass
through them.
 3. Output Device
3.2. Printer-A device that prints text
or illustrations on paper.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
A. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer -
produce high-quality text and
graphics.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
B. Laser Printer - Uses the same
technology as copy machines.

C. LCD and LED Printer-

Similar to a laser printer, but uses
liquid crystals or light-emitting
diodes rather than a laser to produce
an image on the drum.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
D. Line Printer - Contains a chain
of characters or pins that print an
entire line at one time.

E. Thermal Printer- An inexpensive

printer that works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper.
3.3 Speakers - Used to play sound.
They may be built into the system
unit or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music
and hear sound effects from your
computer.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
-also called auxiliary or external are
considered permanent storage. It is
a nonvolatile storage medium such
as disk that stores program
instructions and data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.1. Diskette also called floppy disk, is
a removable storage medium that uses
magnetically sensitive flexible disk
enclosed in a plastic envelope or case.
Sizes: 5 and 3 inches.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.2. Hard disc drive Also known as
hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.3. Compact disc CD is a plastic disc,
4.75 inches in diameter that uses optical
storage techniques to store up to 80
minutes of music or 700 MB of digitally
encoded computer data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.4. Digital Video Disc DVD has the
same size of the CD can store up to 17
GB of data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.5. Flash Drive also called thumb
drive, is adata storage devicethat
includesflash memorywith an
integratedUniversal Serial Bus
(USB) interface. USB flash drives
are typically removable and
rewritable, and physically much
smaller than anoptical disc
 2. Software is a set of program
that runs the hardware.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE:
1. Application Software - uses the
computer system to perform useful
work or provide
entertainment functionsbeyond the
basic operation of the computer itself.
 Ex. of Application Software
Document Production Software
is use to write and format
documents. It has spell checking
features to avoid typographical
errors. Exs. Are Microsoft word,
page maker, e-mail editors, MS
outlook, Dreamweaver.
 Ex. of Application Software
Spreadsheet Software is a
business tool that offers easy
computations, use for financial reports,
project sales and income, do
investment checking & etc. It is
presented with a worksheet that has
grids. Exs. are MS Excel, Lotus 123.
 Ex. of Application Software
Database Management
Software is use to organize
database. A database is a collection of
information organize and stored in a
computer. Ex. MS Access, dBase, Fox
Pro, Oracle.
 Ex. of Application Software
Graphic software - Graphics programs
display results of data manipulation for
easier analysis and presentation.
Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard
Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe
Photoshop
 Ex. of Application Software
Presentation software is use to
create colorful presentations and
transparencies. You can use this software
if you have presentations for meetings,
seminars and conferences. Ex. MS
PowerPoint
 2. System Software
Any software required to
support the production or
execution of application
programs, but which is not
specific to any particular
application. Common operating
systems include Windows, the
Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
 Ex. of System Software
Operating system is a master
control program for computer that
manages the computers internal
functions and provides you with a
means to control the computers
operation. Ex. DOS, Windows 98, XP,
03, 07, 08, UNIX, LINUX, MC OS.
 Ex. of System Software

Programming languages
are use to write computer
instructions and perform task.
Ex. Fortran, Cobol, C++, Java,
Visual Basic
 Ex. of System Software
Utilities are enhancements of
the operating system that helps
allocate resources, maintain and
improve the efficiency of the
system. Ex. Disk Manager,
Norton Utilities, Kaspersky
Utilities, Avira Utilities.
 Ex. of System Software

Device Driver is a
software that is use to
communicate with the
particular device added to
the computer unit.
 3. Peopleware
Refers to people involved in the
data processing operations such
as the system administrator,
office workers, students,
teachers, programmers, IT
specialist, data analyst and
others`.
Direction: Give 5 examples of the
following: INPUT OUTPUT STORAGE
1. 1. 1.
Hardwar 2.
3.
2.
3.
2.
3.
e 4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

System software Application

Software
Software 1.
2.
1.
2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Peoplewa 1.
2.
4.
5.
re 3.