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Table of Contents
Section 1 Momentum and Impulse
Objectives
Compare the momentum of different moving objects.
Linear Momentum
Momentum is defined as mass times velocity.
p = mv
momentum = mass velocity
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Objectives
Describe the interaction between two objects in
terms of the change in momentum of each object.
Momentum is Conserved
The Law of Conservation of Momentum:
The total momentum of all objects interacting with
one another remains constant regardless of the
nature of the forces between the objects.
Sample Problem
Conservation of Momentum
A 76 kg boater, initially at rest in a stationary 45 kg
boat, steps out of the boat and onto the dock. If the
boater moves out of the boat with a velocity of 2.5
m/s to the right,what is the final velocity of the boat?
76 kg
v 2,f 2.5 m/s to the right
45 kg
v 2,f 4.2 m/s to the right
Objectives
Identify different types of collisions.
Collisions
Perfectly inelastic collision
A collision in which two objects stick together after
colliding and move together as one mass is called
a perfectly inelastic collision.
Sample Problem
Kinetic Energy in Perfectly Inelastic Collisions
Two clay balls collide head-on in a perfectly inelastic
collision. The first ball has a mass of 0.500 kg and an
initial velocity of 4.00 m/s to the right. The second ball
has a mass of 0.250 kg and an initial velocity of 3.00
m/s to the left.What is the decrease in kinetic energy
during the collision?
Unknown: KE = ?
2 2
1
Final: KEf KE1,f KE2,f m1 m2 v f2
2
Chapter menu Resources
Elastic Collisions
Elastic Collision
A collision in which the total momentum and the
total kinetic energy are conserved is called an
elastic collision.
2 2 2 2
Chapter menu Resources
v 2,f
3.4 10 3
kg m/s 5.4 10 3 kg m/s 4.7 10 3 kg m/s
0.030 kg
2.7 10 3 kg m/s
v 2,f
3.0 10 2 kg
v2,f 9.0 10 2 m/s to the right
2 2
8.7 10 4 kg m2 /s2 8.7 10 4 J
1 1
KEf 0.015 kg 0.315 m/s 0.030 kg 0.090 m/s
2 2
2 2
8.7 10 4 kg m2 /s2 8.7 10 4 J
Chapter menu Resources
Multiple Choice
1. If a particles kinetic energy is zero, what is its
momentum?
A. zero
B. 1 kg m/s
C. 15 kg m/s
D. negative
10. What is the total kinetic energy of the system after the collision?
F. 1.40 104 J
G. 2.45 104 J
H. 4.70 10 4 J
J. 4.90 10 4 J
10. What is the total kinetic energy of the system after the collision?
F. 1.40 104 J
G. 2.45 104 J
H. 4.70 10 4 J
J. 4.90 10 4 J
Short Response
11. Is momentum conserved when two objects with zero
initial momentum push away from each other?
Answer: yes
Extended Response
15. An engineer working on a space mission claims that
if momentum concerns are taken into account, a
spaceship will need far less fuel for the return trip
than for the first half of the mission.Write a paragraph
to explain and support this hypothesis.
Hint: Recognize that the ship will have used some of the
fuel and thus will have less mass on the return trip.
Momentum is Conserved