Documente Academic
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in construction
project
BSS666: LECT 10 & 11
PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
provides all the tools to make sure your project turns out
as planned
3) QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
Quality
Assurance
Quality Curative
Control Medicine
Quality of the
product
Ultimate Goal
QUALITY?
The common element of the business
definitions is that the quality of a
product or service refers to the
perception of the degree to which the
product or service meets the
customer's expectations:
Workmanship (quality of
constructed work)
Integrity (according to drawings
and specifications)
Completion time in the project
according to clients requirements
Quality Concepts
Zero Defects states that there is no
tolerance for errors within the system. The
goal of all processes is to avoid defects in
the product or service
c) External Failure Cost relates to all errors not detected and corrected
before delivery to the customer. (warranty cost, product liability)
IMPROVING
PRODUCTIVITY
Setting-up of Quality
Motivation
Management System
of Employees
or Process
Motivational Theories
McGregor`s Theory X & Theory Y
Theory X Theory Y
- People are lazy by nature; - Work is as natural to man as
dislike work & will avoid it play & rest.
whenever possible - People are capable of self
- They must be coerced, direction to objectives they are
controlled and threatened committed.
with punishment in order to - People will even seek
work. responsibility given proper
- They lack ambition and seek rewards.
mainly security. - Many people are creative,
- They avoid responsibility ingenious & imaginative but
these intellectual potentialities
are utilized only partially in
most organizations.
Herzberg`s Two-Factor
Theory
Motivators = Growth
FOCUSED ON MOTIVATION,
EMPLOYEE NEEDS AND
INCENTIVES
Motivation
The set of processes that
determine the choices people
make about their behaviours
It imparts incentives that require
a response on part of someone
else of achieve a defined goal
Motivation
In business, motivation is not
synonymous with salaries;
money is a means for
accommodating the economic
needs of workers
Motivation means an inner wholesome
desire to exert effort without the
external stimulus money
Context of MOTIVATING
It is the ability of indoctrinating the
personnel with a unity of purpose and
maintaining a continuing, harmonious
relationship among all people.
A force which encourages and promotes a
willingness of every employee to
cooperate with every member of the team
Effective Motivation of Employee
Goal Setting
Employee reward/incentives
Reinforcement
Advantage of Productivity
Improvement
Decreased total cost and duration of
production
Improved quality
Growth in market share of product
Increased employment and wages without
inflationary pressures
Enhanced purchasing capacities among
employees, employers and customers
End of Presentation
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM
Why quality management?
Customer satisfaction
Prevention over inspection
Management responsibility
Continuous improvement
1. Customer
Satisfaction
Understanding, evaluating, defining,
and managing expectations so that
customer requirements are met:
Conformance to requirements
Fitness for use
2. Prevention over
Inspection
Success requires
the participation
of all members of
the team, but
management is
responsible to
provide the
resources to
succeed.
4. Continuous Improvement
The plan-do-check-act
cycle is the basis for
quality improvement.
Quality improvement
initiatives can improve
the quality of project
management as well as
the quality of the
product.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
TOOLS/
INPUTS OUTPUT
TECHNIQUES
1) requested changes
1) quality management 1) quality planning tools
plan 2) recommended corrective
and techniques actions
2) quality metrices 2) quality audits 3) organizational process
3) process 3) process analysis assets (updates)
improvement plan
4) quality control tools and 4) project management
4) work performance techniques plan (updates)
information
5) approved change
request
6) quality control
measurements
7) implemented change
request
8) implemented
corrective actions
9) implemented defect
repair
10) implemented
preventive actions
PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL
TOOLS/
INPUTS OUTPUT
TECHNIQUES
1) quality control
1) quality management 1) cause and effect measurements
plan diagram 2) validated defect repair
2) quality metrices 2) control charts 3) quality baseline
3) quality checklists 3) flowcharting 4) recommended quality
4) organizational 4) pareto chart actions
process assests
5) scatted diagram 5) recommended
5) work performance preventive actions
information 6) statistical sampling
6) requested changes
6) approved change 7) histogram
requests 7) recommended defect
8) inspection repair
7) deliverables 9) defect repair review 8) validated deliverables
9) organizational process
assets
10) project management
plan
Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
PLAN
QUALITY PLAN
ACT DO
CHECK
QUALITY CONTROL
Quality Planning identify which quality standards are relevant to the project and
determining how to satisfy them
1. Input
Quality Improvement 2. Tools and Techniques
Quality Policy Benefit/Cost Analysis
Project Description Benchmarking
Standard Regulation Flowcharting
3. Outputs
Quality Management Plan
Operational Definitions]
Checklist
PROJECT PLANNING STRATEGY
CONDUCTING SWOT ANALYSIS
What STRENGTHS do we have? How can we take advantage of them?
What WEAKNESSES do we have? How can we minimize the impact of
these?
What OPPORTUNITIES are there? How can we capitalize on them
What THREATS might prevent us from getting there? (consider
technical obstacles, competitive responses, values of people within your
organization, and so on)
SWOT ANALYSIS
Internal
External
Factors Examples
Strengths Abilities, core competencies, capabilities
Internal resources, weakness of the competition,
or the opposing sources
Weaknesses Critical parts of the organization to
strengthen or hide from competitors.
Failures, defeats, loses and inability to
match up with the dynamic situation
Opportunities Possibilities/benefits of what can be done
External and where effectiveness is possible
Strategy Systems
Shared
Values
Style
Skills
Staff
Quality Assurance - evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to
provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
1. Input
Quality Management Plan
Results of quality control measurement
Operational Definitions
Inspection
Seven New Quality Control Tools
(Pareto Analysis, Data Tables, Cause-Effect Analysis, Trend Analysis
Histograms, Scatter Diagrams, Control Charts) and other Management Tools
and Techniques
Quality Improvement - includes taking action to increase the effectiveness and efficiency
of the project maintaining and improving the current standard
1. Input
Quality Improvement Philosophy and Principles
3. Output
Improved Quality Standard
Construction Project Quality Management must address both the management of
the project and the product of the project. Failure to meet quality requirements in
either dimension can have serious negative consequence for any or all of the
project stakeholders
IF NO WAS ANSWERED TO
ANY OF THE ABOVE
QUESTIONS, YOU DO NOT
HAVE AN EFFECTIVE
QUALITY ASSURANCE
PROGRAM
Why Quality Assurance?
Document Control: To
ensure employees have the correct
procedures and the procedures are properly
maintained.
Problem
Statement
Problem
Poor Statement
Supervision
Too High Material
Poor Temp Damage
Planning Too Low Incorrect Material
Environment Material
Management
Control Charts
The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over
time. Data are plotted in time order. A control chart always has a
central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit
and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are determined
from historical data. By comparing current data to these lines, you can
draw conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in
control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes
of variation).
Control charts for variable data are used in pairs. The top
chart monitors the average, or the centering of the
distribution of data from the process. The bottom chart
monitors the range, or the width of the distribution. If your
data were shots in target practice, the average is where the
shots are clustering, and the range is how tightly they are
clustered. Control charts for attribute data are used singly.
When to use a Control Chart
When controlling ongoing processes by finding
and correcting problems as they occur.
When predicting the expected range of outcomes
from a process.
When determining whether a process is stable (in
statistical control).
When analyzing patterns of process variation
from special causes (non-routine events) or
common causes (built into the process).
When determining whether your quality
improvement project should aim to prevent
specific problems or to make fundamental
changes to the process
20
15
10
-5
-10
-15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Range Chart
60
50
Improving Quality
Four-Step Approach to Quality Improvement.
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT Project Scheduling
a. Time Estimates
CYCLE
b. Timing Calculations
c. Job Scheduling
The objectives of the Project Quality Management is defined as an
attempt to make the most efficient and effective use of the
resources:
* Money * Manpower
* Machine/Equipment * Methods
* Materials
Proper utilization of resources will result a higher productivity,
improve performance and customer satisfaction
C OST
PROJECT
QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
T
ime Q uality
Case Study
The Utility Operations organization of the construction company
received a new heavy equipments. It is the latest technology and
will replace its twenty five (25) year old
model. It uses computerized controls vs manual in the old system.
There has been very little turnover in the utility staff over the last 30
year and most operators are not familiar with computerized
applications. Managements expectations are that the new system
will be more efficient, come on line quicker than the old system and
last longer. The team has been asked to write a procedure and
develop training to
ensure the expectations are met.
Quality/Grade
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY PROJECT PLANNING AND
SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
SCHEDULING
CYCLE
CONTROL
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY PROJECT PLANNING AND
SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
Project Planning
MANAGEMENT
a. Objectives
CYCLE
b. Content of project
c. Arrow Diagram (Network Diagram)
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY PROJECT PLANNING AND
SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
Project Control
MANAGEMENT
a. Follow-up
CYCLE
b. Updating
c. Reporting
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY PROJECT PLANNING AND
SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION
Actual
Time
Control Cycle
Take corrective
action and re-
plan
Analysis of Data
and Progress
outcome of current
course of project
key areas of control must be chosen with care, so that the results of control
are worth the time and effort
THREE ELEMENTS TO BE
CONTROLLED IN A
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Progress vs Time
Cost vs Tender or Budget
Quality vs Specification
TIME
CONTROL QUALITY
COST
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Time
OVERALL CONTROL
DECISION MAKING