Why Brakes

Working of Brakes
Components Of Braking System
Types of Braking system
Focus Area
Major components of Disc & Drum Braking System
Observation/Findings
Impacts/Tyre failures Due To Fault in Braking System
Major Tyre Failures
Video explaining Drum Braking System
To slowing or stopping a moving
vehicle, wheel, axle.
To completely halt a moving vehicle
To hold a vehicle on a gradient
To prevent its motion, most often
accomplished by means of friction
Brake Converts kinetic energy into
heat
WORKING OF BRAKES

A COMMON MISCONCEPTION ABOUT BRAKES IS THAT BRAKES SQUEEZE

AGAINST A DRUM OR DISC, AND THE PRESSURE OF THE SQUEEZING ACTION
SLOWS THE VEHICLE DOWN. THIS IS IN FACT A PART OF THE REASON FOR
SLOWING DOWN A VEHICLE.
ACTUALLY BRAKES USE FRICTION OF BRAKE SHOES AND DRUMS TO CONVERT
KINETIC ENERGY DEVELOPED BY THE VEHICLE INTO HEAT ENERGY.
WHEN WE APPLY BRAKES, THE PADS OR SHOES THAT PRESS AGAINST THE
BRAKE DRUMS OR ROTOR CONVERT KINETIC ENERGY INTO THERMAL ENERGY
VIA FRICTION.

THUS BRAKES ARE ESSENTIALLY A

MECHANISM TO CHANGE ENERGY
TYPES
TYPES OF BRAKES
 Focus Area

In India Still 95% commercial vehicle are coming up with Drum mechanism
powered by air & now newly launched vehicles such as prima & companies
i.e. Bharat Benz Volvo are proving Disc Brake in there vehicles
Major Components of Disc & Drum
Observation & Finding
 Observation & Finding
Stickiness of Brake Shoes with Brake Drum
Problem:
Even when the brake is not operated, the brake lining drags on
the brake drum leads to heating of the brake drums.
Causes
If during re-line of a vehicle the surface of the brake drum and
the brake lining are not synchronized resulting in over adjustment
of slack adjuster.
Basic adjustment of slack adjuster has not been carried out
correctly.
Result
Brake drum increasingly heats up leading to heating of the brake
components which might damage the wheel bearings and the tyre.
 Observation & Finding
Deformity in Brake drum due to eccentricity or external impact
Problem:
Often Brake drums are deformed resulting in uneven contact of the brake shoes with the drum brake.
Causes
Brake drums running out of true may be due to wheel assembly, during which wheel nuts have been
incorrectly tightened.
Oval deformation can occur if vehicle is parked with extremely hot brakes. The brake drum warps under the
pressure of the parking brakes, cools and retains the oval form.
Result
Lead to uneven tyre wear and increased wear of brake linings.
Impacts/Tyre failures Due To Fault in Braking System

Following are the major tyre

failures that may arise due to
improper braking/fault in braking
system:
Bead Failure
Burnt bead
Casing unwrap/ Brake heat
Uneven wear in tyres
Spotty wear
BEAD FAILURE
Appearance : Carcass breaks and
separates from bead Bundle(initiated
from inside), Prolonged usage causing
bursting extending up to upper sidewall.

Possible cause: Frequent and sudden

braking & acceleration.

Remedy: Avoid frequent and sudden

braking.
BURNT BEAD

Appearance : Scorching of rubber/plies in

Bead area with bead wires exposed.

Possible cause: Defective Brake System,

Abnormal heat build up due to
continuous braking.

Remedy: Avoid frequent and sudden

braking. Check for oval brake drums.
Avoid negotiating inclines on brake.
 CASING UNWRAP/ BRAKE HEAT
Appearance : Loss of casing integrity, burst
at the bead area with the bead bundle
exposed as a result of the body ply
unwrapping.

Possible cause: Excessive heat , Overload and

improper inflation. Brake drum deformation

Remedy: Correct the deformation of the brake

drum. Match the rim vent holes on dual
fitments. Maintain recommended inflation
pressure and load.
SPOTTY WEAR

Appearance : Excessive tread wear in one or

more than one spot, sometimes with breaker
plies exposed.

Possible cause: Defective braking system,

sudden acceleration, Braking on high speed.

Remedy: Carry out periodic preventive

maintenance of braking system. Avoid sudden
braking.
Drum Braking System Working Video