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Positioning
System
(GPS)
Planned Lifespan: 7.5 years
Weight: 1900 lbs (in orbit)
Size: 17 ft with solar panels
GPS Constellation
Altitude: 10,900 nautical miles (26561
The current GPS constellation km semi-major)
consists of Orbital Period: 12 hours
Orbital Plane: 55o to equatorial plane
32 Block II/IIA/IIR/IIR-M Six Orbital Planes
satellites. 3.87km/s
24 satellites
Three Segments of GPS
GPS Satellite
GPS Orbit Configuration
GPS IIRb
Master Control & Monitor Station Network
GPS Frequency Scheme
Band Frequency(MHz) Description
L2 1227.60 P(Y) code, plus the L2C and military codes on the
Block IIR-M and newer satellites
The GPS Navigation Message contains parameters that describe the location of the
GPS satellites, their clock offsets, and various other system parameters.
The Navigation Message consists of 25 data frames, each divided into five sub-frames.
The sub-frames are 300 bit sequences. Bits are transmitted at 50 bits per second. Each
sub-frame takes 6 seconds, each frame 30 seconds, and the entire set of 25 frames
takes 750 seconds (12.5 minutes) to complete.
Output
Sequence Clock
a CL b CL c CL d CL e
D Q D Q D Q Q
D
Clock 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
b 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
c 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
d 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
e 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
First 100 bits of PRN #1 and PRN #22
2nd order Doppler <9547km<
(Special) Grav. Poten. (General)
2 fo = received
f f'
1
v
U v
o
'
o
2 2
.71
05
fo 2c
c cma
x fo = emitted
fo '
fo
'
4
.4
61
01
0
fo
fo - fo= 4.56x10-3 Hz at 10.23 MHz for GPS
Thus, Frequency of the Base Oscillator ( fo )
= 10.229 999 999 544 MHz
Seconds are counted from 0 Hrs UTC Sunday to 24 Hrs UTC Saturday and counted
number of seconds for the respective time of the day are broadcast as SOW (0 to
604800).
GPS Calendar
Row Example Definition
First 7 Calendar day of the month
Second 1643:4 Full GPS week since 1st epoch : day of week number
Third 619:345600 GPS Week since latest epoch : seconds of week at midnight of day
Fourth 188 Julian Day Number
The GPS clocks are free-running and their rate is monitored against
GPS Time (GPST). GPST is itself kept synchronised within 1
millisecond to UTC as defined by the U.S. Naval Observatory (after
taking into account the leap second offsets) and is also made available
to all GPS users via clock error coefficients in a polynomial form:
= a0 + a1 (t - toc) + a2 (t - toc)2
where:
a0 is the clock bias term, (t0)
a1 is the clock drift term, (y0)
a2 is the clock drift-rate, (ya)
t is the satellite clock time (seconds in the
GPS week), and
toc is the reference epoch for the coefficients
(seconds in the GPS week).
NPL, New Delhi India
Received
Code
Receivers
CorrelationCode
between Received Code and Receivers Code
xs,ys,zs,ts Code-based
S Time transfer
R xr,yr,zr,tr
8/21/17 34
GPS RECEIVER FOR TIMING
MULTICHANNEL(sat) RECEIVER
Unknown: 4 parameters
(3 coordinates and time)
8/21/17 35
Sources of Error
To understand the potential for GPS, it
becomes important to understand the
limitations.
I ) Code
R= P +C*
= (1/ )* P + (C/ )* +N
Where N is Ambiguity.
Ephemeris bias
Tropospheric delay
dtrop
were stuck with this
Rounding off
(# of decimal places)
Calculation errors
(adding fractions)
Source Error(1) %