Industry To Academia Program (ITAP)

This program will give you the basic skills and a list of suggested capabilities to start you on the industrial
path. Plus, in many cases the program will meet your university requirements for class projects, capstone
projects, senior and masters theses. RIL suggest these programs based on the needs of the community.
Programs range in duration from a few days to over a month. The program is designed for both postgrad
and grad students, and consists of lectures, discussions, demonstrations and diverse hands-on exercises.
 Industry To Academia
Program (ITAP)
with
Indian School of Mines (ISM)

Chaitanya Gubbala
Chaitanya.gubbala@ril.com

Exploration and Production

Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)
Seismic Data Acquisition Where it all
starts
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

What is Seismic ?

It was derived from Greek seismos meaning

shock

Seismic survey : A program for mapping geologic

structure by observation of seismic waves,
especially by creating seismic waves by artificial
sources and observing the arrival time of waves
from acoustic- impedance contrasts or refracted
through high velocity members.
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics
Robert E. Sheriff,1991
 Seismic Theory

Two parameters which affect the elapse time of transmission of a pulse from its
source to the detector:

1. Propagation velocity

2. Geometry of the propagation path

Propagation velocity depends on the elastic moduli and the density of the
material through which theseismic wavetravels.

Geometry of the propagation path is determined by the nature of the

interface between two layers of differing velocities and the angle at which the
wave strikes that interface.
Seismic Theory

Huygen's Principle every point on an advancing wave front of

elastic wave energy is the source of new elastic wave energy that also
travels out as an expanding sphere of energy. Only those wave fronts
that add constructively continue on.

Fermats principle - light travels between two points along the path
that requires the least time, as compared to other nearby paths.

Snell's Law describes how elastic waves are reflected and refracted
across a boundary separating layers of differing velocity.
Snells Law
Source Reflection
Receiver
Source Reflection
Receiver

Single source with two

receiver (geophone), single
layer

Single source with two

receiver (geophone),
multiple layer
Finally..
2D Vs 3D Seismics

2D 3D

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
 2D Seismics
Sour Single streamer with
Principle of ce hydrophones
2D acquisition

P = Pressure
waves
S = Shear waves

Survey lines often

kms apart

Seismic section

Source: Ikelle and Amundsen

(2005)
 3D Seismics

Close spacing
Multiple between streamers
Sour
streamers allows data to be
ce
represented as
seismic cubes

P = Pressur
waves
S = Shear
waves

Principle of 3D acquisition Seismic cube

Source: Ikelle and Amundsen

(2005)
 3D Seismic Data
Acquisition
Sub-surface geological features are 3-Dimensional
2D section is cross-section of the 3D response
2D migration presumes that signal comes from the plane of
the profile
Out of plane reflections cause 2D sections to mistie
3D migration of 3D data overcomes this shortcoming

Advantages of 3D:

Better sub-surface imaging

Volumetric sub-surface description
Reservoir characterization
2D Vs. 3D

2D 3D

CDP Bin

Source interval Source line

Receiver line Receiver lines

Fold, offsets Fold, offsets, azimuths
3-D migration
2-D migration
(improved resolution)
The Seismic
Method
Seismic wave
propagation
3.0 km
1.5 km
The seismic trace
Marine seismic record
2D CMP population
increase
The aim of multiple
coverage
2D seismic acquisition
geometry
3D seismic acquisition
geometry
3D acquisition sub-surface
image cube
cquisition Parameter Glossary

Maximum offset - distance from the source to most remote receiver.

Minimum offset - distance from the source to nearest receiver.
Group interval - distance between centers of adjacent geophone arrays. Constant for
survey.
Shot interval - distance between two adjacent shots.
Fold coverage - number of times a subsurface point is illuminated by different sources and
detectors.
Temporal Sample interval - the time interval between digital samples of the signal. Varies
from less than 1ms to 4ms
Geophone string - group of electrically connected receivers (i.e. summed in the field)
Bin - fundamental areal unit of 3D seismic = 1 trace of 3D survey

In-line Direction - The direction that is parallel to receiver lines.

Cross-line Direction -The direction that is orthogonal to receiver lines.

Fold Taper -The width of the additional fringe area that needs to be added to the 3-D
surface area to buildup full fold.

Migration Apron - The width of the fringe area that needs to be added to the 3-D survey
to allow proper migration of any dipping event.
Bin Principle
Bin Principle continued
Fold Principle
Fold Principle continued
Coverage
2D Marine Parameters

Recording direction SW-NE dip lines, NW-SE strike

lines
Streamer length 6 km
Number of streamers 1
Group interval 12.5
Number of receivers 480
Near offset 150 m
Shot interval 25 m
Fold of coverage 120
Record length 7s
Sampling interval 2 ms
Streamer depth 6m
Acceptable cable feathering +/- 10 deg
Number of air gun arrays 1
Air gun array size 3,500 cubic inches
Peak-to-peak amplitude 100 bar-m
Air gun array depth 6m
 3D Marine Parameters

Survey Parameters
Block NEC-OSN-97/2
Short Name NEC-25
Area (sqkm) 1280
Year 2002
Contractor PGS
Vessel M/V Ramform Challenger
Water Depth Range (m) 15-80
Shooting direction (deg) 122/302

Streamer Parameters
Streamer Type TeledyneDigital Streamer LDA
Streamer Length (m) 6000
No of Streamers 8
No. of Groups per streamer 480
Streamer Depth (m) 8
Streamer separation (m) 100
Group Interval (m) 12.5
Near Offset (m) 135

Inline Bin size (m) 6.25

Xline Bin size (m) 25
 3D Marine Parameters Contd

Source Parameters
Source Type Sodera G- Gun
No of Source arrays 2
Source sep (m) 50
Sub Array separation (m) 8
SP Interval (m) 25
Fold Coverage 60
Source Depth (m) 6
Source Volume (cu.in) 3090
Source Pressure (psi) 2000
P2P (bar-m) 117.8
PBR 31

Recording Parameters
Record Length (sec) 8
Sampling Interval (ms) 2
High cut filter 208 Hz @ 276 db/Octave
Low cut filter 3 Hz @ 6 db /Octave

Acceptable Cable Feathering (deg) (+/-) 15

Threshold Infill (%) 20
 2D Land Acquisition
Parameters
Recording Instrument Sercel 408UL or I/O System
Record Length 8s
Sampling rate 2ms
Recording format IEEE-SEG-D
Low cut Record Filter Out
High Cut Filter: 3/4 Nyquist (minimum phase)
Type of spread: End-on / Split spread asymmetrical

Source Parameters Single hole, 2.5 kg, 1 or 2 detonator

Source Interval 50m
Source Explosive
Source depth 25m
Receiver Interval 25 metres
Geophone Array Type Linear (12 geophones)
No. of live Channels 301
Nominal fold: 60
Bin size: 12.5 m
Min offset: 25 m
Max offset: 6075 m
 3D Land Acquisition Parameters

Recording Instrument Sercel 408 UL No. of Receiver Lines 10

Record Length (sec) 8 Receiver Line Interval (m) 360
Sampling rate(ms) 2 Group Interval 30
SEG-D revision Geophone Array Type/ Linear(12
Recording format
1/3590E Length (m) geophones) / 27.5
Low cut Record Filter OUT No. of live Channels per
0.8 of Nyquist 192
High Cut Filter: line
frequency No. of active channels per
Type of spread: Split Spread 1920
Source Parameters Single Hole / 2.5 kg shot:
Source interval 60 Inline fold: 8
Source Explosive Crossline fold: 5
Source Depth (m) 15-40 Nominal fold: 40
Source Line Interval 360 Bin size (m*m) 15x30
Continued

Geophysical attributes Bin size 15x30m (15x15)

In-line fold 8

Cross-line fold 5

Nominal fold 40
(20 for 15x15)
Minimum offset 21m

Largest minimum offset 509m

Inline maximum offset 2880m

Crossline maximum offset 2520m

Maximum offset 3806m

Exercise
CMP Map

CMP Map IL & XL bin size, coverage width

No of sources 2
No of streamers 6/8/10
Streamer separation (m) 50/100/125/150
Source separation (m) 50/75/100
Streamer length (m) 6000/8000/10000
Group interval (m) 12.5
IL bin size (m) 6.25
XL bin size (m)
25
CMP coverage width
400
(m)
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

Land equipment

Sources
Dynamite Impulsive, Ricker wavelet
Vibroseis Non-impulsive, Klauder
wavelet
Detectors
Geophone
coil hanging inside cylindrical magnet by
spring
Magnet moves with ground.
Coil stays fixed by spring inertia.
electric current produced
measure ground velocity
important to plant them firmly and
vertically
 Land Source

Hammer Weight drop

 Land Source

Vibroseis
Land Source

Explosives
 Drilling for source
(Explosives)

Mechanical drilling Manual drilling

 Geophone

Land Geophone

Marsh Geophone
Recording Unit
Marine equipment

Sources
Air gun
blows high-pressure air into water
most commonly used
Detectors
Hydrophone
made of a piezoelectric material
generates voltage when stressed
measure fluid acceleration
independent of wave direction
Depth is 10-20 m under water.
mounted in a streamer
streamer length up to 14km
Marine workplace
Instrument Room
Streamer Layout
Hydrophone
Streamer description
SENTINEL solid section
Streamer

Streamer Winches Hydrophone

Streamer Deck Headbuoy/DiltFloat Tailbuoy

Streamer Insea
equipments

Doors/Deflectors

SRD- Streamer Recovery Device

Birds Acoustics
Streamer Depth Controllers

Digifin Q fin Nautilus

Every Bird has :

Compass to show the heading
Depth transducer to show streamer depth
Wings : to control depth
Each compass located in every 300 meter on
streamer
Powered by Lithium battery
Exploded view of the
vessel
Source Layout Signature & Spectrum

Signature

Spectrum
Source Layout
 Source Gun
Array

Gun String Cluster Gun

Gun Deck
Sea equipment - Positioning
Navigation - Acoustic Network
Streamer Workboat
Operations

FRC Workboat
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Land, Marine & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

Inputs from
interpreters

Geophysical inputs
Geological inputs
Survey objective
Type of survey
Survey Planning

Analysis performed:
PLM 2D Earth Model
Source analysis volume, depth, sub array
separation
Offset analysis offset, recording time,
incidence angles Illumination Map
3D Earth Model
Aperture analysis aperture for dips and
diffractors
No. of streamers and separation
Shotpoint interval
Spatial sampling
Footprint analysis
Illumination analysis
Survey Efficiency
Survey
Design

Relation among areas covered by

acquisition, processing and
interpretation
Softwares
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Land, Marine & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

 QA/QC

Instrument

Navigation

Streamer

Source

Noise Analysis

Brute stack
 Instrument Tests

The following tests are done before SOJ and every SOL regularly throughout the survey.

Instrument:

Instrument Noise

Instrument Distortion

Instrument Gain/Phase error

Common Mode Rejection

Instrument Crosstalk

Instrument Pulse

Streamer/sensors:

Sensor Capacitance

Sensor Cut Off Frequency

Sensor Noise

Sensor Leakage

Visual trace inspection (polarity, noise, spikes)

 Instrument Tests

Source:

Tap test

Click test

Drop Test

Bubble test - each gun/cluster individually, full array (Processing)

Source element timing test (Processing)

Online QC
Online QC - Streamers

ARGUS Display

eSQCPro Display
Online QC - Recording
Source Gun Link Display
Source NFC RTQC
Streamer Broadseis Profile
Navigation coverage

Fars
ds
s Far-Mi
Near-Mid
Nears

Flexing

Nears Fars
50% 100%
Navigation Online coverage
Offline QC
Navigation Nav merge QC
Navigation - Offsets

Seq 104
Navigation - Near Trace Stack
Source Near Field Hydrophones
Source - Separations
Source - Depth

Seq72
Source - Pressure

Seq60
Source shot to shot comparison
Streamer Head & Tail separations
Streamer Head & Tail width
separations
Streamer Depth
Streamer Depth Difference
Seismic Noise

Turn noise

Tug noise/Strum noise

Current Noise

Rig noise

Seismic interference

Earthquake noise

Swell noise

Cable strikes/Fishing net

Turn Noise-Shot Display

Seq 64
Current Noise-Shot Display

SP1600 Seq 5
Strum Noise

SP1600 Seq 37
Rig Noise

SP1704 Seq 37
Seismic Interference

SP2214 Seq 38
Earthquake- Shot Display

SP1573 Seq 53
Cable strike

SP889 Seq 23
Brute Stack
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

Seismic data acquisition

Marine Every survey has roughly the

same sources, receivers, and acquisition
geometry.

Land Every survey is different.

Variability in types of sources, receivers,

and acquisition geometries is due to

accessibility (e.g., in urban areas,

jungles),
topography (e.g., mountains,
unconsolidated terrains), and
extreme temperature (e.g., deserts,
the Arctic).
Land Surveys

Desert

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
Land Surveys

Urban Area

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
Land Surveys

Jungle Hilly terrain area

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
Land Surveys

Arctic environment
3D Survey Field Layout
Terminology

Inline: direction parallel receiver lines

Crossline: direction orthogonal receiver lines
(CMP) Bin: a small rectangle that contains all the traces which belong to the
same CMP
Box (unit cell): area bounded by two adjacent receiver lines and two adjacent
source lines
Patch (template): area of all live receivers recording from the same source
Swath: length over which sources are recorded without crossline roll
2D Field Methods - Spreads

Spread refers to the relative locations of source and receivers.

Types:
Split: source at center of receivers line
end-on: source at end of receivers line
Broadside / Fan : source is offset perpendicular to receivers line
Common Field Layouts

Split spread End-on

Roll along
Land 3D designs

Swath
Orthogonal
Brick
Slant
Zig-zag
Button (Arco)
Flexi bin (Gedco)
Mega bin (Pan
Canadian)
Star
Radial

Orthogonal Layout
Marine Vs. Land
 Mixed Terrain zones

Different coastlines require different equipment: One has to work on a case-

by-case basis; there are no standard acquisition geometries in transition
zones yet.

Transition-zone experiments are more labor-intensive than either land or

marine experiments.

Typically, transition-zone experiments use three classical seismics sources

airguns, land-buried explosives (dynamite), and vibroseis.

Receivers : geophones and hydrophones.

Several combinations of source and receiver are possible; in some areas, we

may record particle velocity from the pressure source. In another we may
record pressure from the dynamite source. One of the daunting tasks in
seismic processing is calibrating these different measurements.
Mixed Terrain zones

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
Mixed Terrain zones

Source: petroleum-seismology.com
Mixed Terrain zones - Man power

A map of an example of a transition-zone survey near the port of

Rotterdam (in the Netherlands). This survey was conducted by
Shell and Exxon-Mobil
Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in Industry

rine Seismic Acquisition Techniques

1.Narrow Azimuth
2.Multi Azimuth
3.Wide Azimuth
4.Rich Azimuth
5.Coil Shooting
6.StagSeis
7.OBC/OBN
8. Broadband
ventional (NAZ) 3D Seismic Acquisition

Conventional 3-D streamer spread

Dual source with ten parallel 8,000m receiver

cables.

Rose diagram showing the resulting offset and

azimuth distribution for a single narrow
azimuth shot.

Constrained to a very narrow sector directly

behind the survey vessel except for the
nearest offsets
lti Azimuth Seismic Acquisition

A 3D streamer survey is acquired in more

than one direction over the same survey
location.

Multi azimuth acquisition requires only one

vessel.

Different shooting directions illuminate

different parts of the target.

Collectively, the overall target illumination

will be far more uniform and complete.

The datasets are collectively processed to

output a single 3D seismic cube.

The Multi-Azimuth processing can be

"targeted" to combine azimuths or isolate
specific azimuths as appropriate to optimize
data quality and resolution at specific
locations in the subsurface.
de Azimuth Seismic Acquisition
WAZ Surveys are designed to widen the azimuth
distribution over the target in one preferred
single direction.

Different designs are available, but they require

at least two source vessels in addition to the
streamer vessel.

Each source line is shot multiple times with

increasing lateral offsets.

WAZ surveys are acquired with multiple streamer

vessels to improve acquisition efficiency.

The first WAZ survey was conducted by BP with

the contractor Veritas over the Mad Dog field,
GOM in 2004-05, using one recording vessel and
two source vessels.
BP WATS configuration with two source vessels with
two sources each and a single streamer vessel. The
source vessels traverse the same source tracks four
times while the streamer vessel moves up over 1000
m each time. Next the whole configuration moves up
over 250 m in the crossline direction.
de Azimuth Seismic Acquisition

Various geometries are being tried as there is no

agreed optimum WAZ vessel configuration.

Survey design is a challenge to propose a

geometry that gives full illumination, full noise
suppression and easy processing all at a low
cost.
ch Azimuth Seismic Acquisition

A RAZ survey is essentially WAZ surveys

acquired in multiple directions.

The first RAZ survey was acquired in 2006

by BHP Billiton over the deep water Shenzi
field in the Green Canyon Area.
ll Azimuth Seismic Acquisition

An all azimuth (AAZ) or full azimuth survey (FAZ) is a survey where all azimuths are
acquired.

FAZ surveys are best realized using OBS technology and Coil shooting.
ngle Coil Shooting Seismic Acquisition

Acquire multiple circles to get full-azimuth

Coil Shooting in which a vessel sails in

overlapping circles while continuously
recording data.

Delivers higher-fold and full-azimuthal

coverage

Survey with one vessel instead of multiple

vessels

Coil shooting provides superior full-azimuth

seismic acquisition with a single vessel.
ual Coil Shooting Seismic Acquisition

This technique involves two recording vessels

each with their own source as well as two
separate source vessels all sailing in the same
interlinked circles creating unprecedented
illumination of deep and complex exploration
targets.

Ultra long offsets combined with full-azimuth

illumination

Schlumberger is the only company offering the

Dual Coil technique.

To date Coil and Dual Coil surveys have been

completed in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Angola
and the North Sea

Dual Coil Shooting vessel configuration :

Two recording spreads and four sources follows a
large diameter coil path.
StagSeis

StagSeis, acquisition design (staggered vessel configuration) with very long offsets
(up to 20 km) and full azimuth coverage (up to 10 km) for improved illumination.

Acquired using multiple vessels with an innovative staggered configuration,

optimized to maximize the azimuth variation and maintain the offset distribution.

It has been developed to provide the ultra-long offsets, full-azimuth and broad-
bandwidth (especially low frequencies) required to face the challenges of imaging in
complex areas where conventional wide-azimuth acquisition fails to image targets
below complex overburdens

CGGVeritas acquired GoM Survey with newly Introduced StagSeis in the Keathley
Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico in 2012.
StagSeis

StagSeis Configuration
OBC/OBN

Ocean-bottom techniques (OBC &OBN) can

provide WAZ data.

Ability to acquire data in all azimuths with

even larger offsets, improving illumination
for complex overburdens.

Recording multicomponent data utilizing

geophone sensors in addition to
hydrophones.

BP shot the industrys first deep-water survey

using Ocean Bottom Nodes in 2005 to see
below the salt dome that covers Atlantis field
in the Gulf of Mexico.
quisition Geometries & Rose Diagrams

Traditional and new acquisition geometries (bottom) and azimuth-offset distribution plots (top). Colours
range from purple and dark blue for low fold to green, yellow and red for a high fold.
roadband Ghost Problem
ource and receiver ghosts
eghosting the marine receiver
Broadband Techniques

PGS Geostreamer Dual SensorCGGVeritas Broadseis WesternGeco Isometrix

Broadband Imaging in three dimensions Inline, Xline, depth
Full 3D deghosting
Multisensor streamer technology

WesternGeco ObliQ WesternGeco DISCover Sercel Sentinel MS Streamer Over-Under Acquisition

Outline

Introduction

Seismic Instrumentation

SED & Illumination

QA/QC & Seismic Noise

Seismic Data Acquisition Marine, Land & TZ

Seismic Acquisition Techniques

Seismic Data Acquisition Procedure in

Industry
IL Seismic Data Acquisition Statistics &
echnology adaption

SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY ADAPTION:

2001-2014
30000 Offshore:

25000 2014- Broadband

(Broadseis &
20000
2D (lkm) Broadsource)
15000 3D (Sqkm) 2010- Over-Under
2007- Q-Marine
10000
Conventional 2D/3D surveys
5000
Onshore:
0
01 002 00 3 004 0 05 0 06 0 07 008 009 010 0 11 0 12 013 014 Source : Vibroseis & Explosives
20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Geometry :
Environme 2D (lkm) 3D(Sq.km)
nt Asymmetric split spread
End on
Land 2875.25 710.25
Orthogonal Shooting (3D)
Marine 86791.92 77493
IL 2D Seismic Data Acquisition Statistics

4000.00

3D SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION 2001-2014

3500.00

3000.00

2500.00

2000.00

lkm
1500.00

1000.00

500.00

0.00
1 5 6 1 5 0 8 9 3 7 1 5 7 9 2 7 2 5 6 8 0 6 9 8 0 6 4 8
K-0 C-2 D- K-0 B-0 -D1 K-0 G-1 SJ- KD- D- I D- I D- I D- SR0 KD V-D C-2 GD D1 D2 D1 ECD D1 D2 D1 VD D1
G NE G M N K K K-O K -I I I -I I -I I -I I K K- NE K N N KG N
M M
N N G N N
M M K M M
M G CY -PR KG K
KK
CY
 1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00

0.00
MB-05
KG-19
D-6
GK-01
MB-04
NEC-25
KG-18
KG-20
D-4
MN-D10
SR-1
GK-OSJ/3
D-6
KG-III-6
GS-01
KK08
KGD6/KGD9
PR-III D-8
CY-III D-5
KG-III-5
NEC-25
KGD6
NEC-D9
CY-PR-III D-6
KGD4
OMAN Block-18
KK -D1
MN-D-10
KK -D2
KGVD3
KG-D-6 (Q-Marine)
KG-D-6-MA1 (Q-Marine)
NEC25-Area2
NEC25-Area1
GS-01
MNVD4(Area2)
MNVD4(Area2)
MNVD4(Area1)
CY-PR-III D-7
CY-III -D5
2D SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION 2001-2014

KGD4
kGVD3
CY-PR-III D-6
MND-20
KGD-16
MND-17
MND-18
MND-21
MND-19
KGD13
CY-PR-III D-6
D-6
IL 3D Seismic Data Acquisition Statistics

Infill (Sq. Km)

Prime (Sq. Km)
eismic data acquisition Industry procedure

Block allocation by DGH through NELP

programs
Planning for 2D/3D seismic surveys
Inputs from Interpreters
Parameter Designing & Survey Planning
Advertisements
EOI & Evaluation
Floating Tenders
Bid Analysis
Exception & deviations
LOA & Contract Finalization
Finalization of preplot
Project plan
Kick-off meeting
Execution of the Survey
QA/QC
Final products/Deliverables
Project closeout
Safety

T
BOSIE

Wishing won't keep you safe - safety will.

HUET & Sea Survival Training

HUET
Sea Survival
Fire Fighting
First Aid
Vaccination
Marine Medical Fitness
PPE

HUET - survival skills, equipment within the helicopter,

ditching procedures, how to prepare for crash landing
and how to exit the helicopter.
Sea Survival survival techniques, life saving
appliances, actions prior to abandonment, survival at
sea and rescue techniques.

Accidents hurt - safety doesn't.

Fire Fighting & First Aid Training

HUET
Sea Survival
Fire Fighting
First Aid
Vaccination
Marine Medical Fitness
PPE

Fire Fighting Trained in fire prevention and fire

fighting techniques.
First Aid Training a working knowledge and the
necessary skills in First Aid to enable them to perform
an approved method of care in the workplace whilst
awaiting medical assistance.

Chance takers are accident makers.

accination, Marine Medical Certificate & PPE

HUET
Sea Survival
Fire Fighting
First Aid
Vaccination
Marine Medical Fitness
PPE

Vaccination

Valid Marine medical certificate

PPE Hard hat, Hand gloves, Safety shoes,

Coverall, goggles

Prepare and prevent, don't repair and repent.

Naming
Preplotconventions
of 3D Area of Block KG-DWN-
98/3
Block Names

KG-DWN-98/3
NEC-OSN-97/2
CB-ONN-2003/1

Sail line
Survey Identifier (12-
14characters)

KGD31001P1001

Block Name
Line Name
Type of Line
Pass No
Sequence No

Prime
Infill
Reshoot
Infill

Complete survey area will normally

not be well illuminated during the
seismic acquisition and there are
several coverage holes caused by
the feathering.

To overcome this coverage problem

(coverage holes), infill
Nears Near-Mids management is applied to decide
how much infill shooting is required.

The size of the coverage holes is

small at near offset and gradually
increases at middle and far offsets
due to stronger feathering.

Far-Mids Fars
Infill - Feathering

Infill is mainly due to streamer feathering.

Feathering - Lateral deviation of a

streamer away from the towing
direction

Effect of feathering
Causes of Infill

Various reasons for Streamer feathering

Currents

Streamer spread configuration

Weather window

Survey Area Location

Alteration in Shooting Plan

Steering Technology

Human errors

Platforms/Obstructions

HSE
Project Execution

Efficiency
QA/QC
Cost
HSE
Time
Best Wishes

Thank You