ONEYES TECHNOLOGIES

#5/3,JAI NAGAR,ARUMBAKKAM
CHENNAI-106
Copyright @ 2012 Oneyes Technologies 1
Oneyes Technologies
Welcomes You all..
 Agenda

Introduction to Android
History of Android
Open handset Alliance
Advantages over other operating systems
Version History
Android Architecture
Installing/Configuration the Eclipse Plug-in
First Android Application
Deployment in mobile
Google Play
 Introduction
Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as
smart phones and tablet computers.

A secondary target for the light weight OS is embedded systems such as networking
equipment, smart TV systems including set top boxes.

Android became the worlds leading Smartphone platform at the end of 2010.

The first quarter of 2012, Android had a 59% Smartphone market share worldwide.

At the half of 2012, there were 400 million devices activated and 1 million activations per day.

Analysts point to the advantage to Android of being a multi-channel, multi-carrier OS

HTC was First to deliver Android

 History of Android
Foundation

Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California

United States in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of

Danger),

Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc )

Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile)

Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV)

Google Acquisition

Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005,

making Android Inc.

At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile

device platform powered by the Linux kernel.

Google releases the Android code as open-source, under

the Apache License.
 Open handset Alliance
Open Handset Alliance, a group of 84 technology and mobile companies
who have come together to accelerate innovation in mobile and offer
consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile experience.
Together we have developed Android, the first complete, open, and free
mobile platform.

The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open standards for
mobile devices.

The Open Handset Alliance also unveiled their first product, Android

On December 9, 2008, 14 new members joined, including ARM Holdings,

Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Huawei
Technologies, PacketVideo, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and
Vodafone Group Plc.

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Other Operating Systems
Symbian os(Nokia)
Ios-Apple
Blackberry os
Bada os(samsung)
Maemo os
Windows os etc.
Advantages over other operating systems

provides a rich user interface library

It supports 2D, 3D graphics
Java Support
Web Browser
SQLite for data storage
It supports MP4,3GP, MPEG4, MIDI,PDF
Multi tasking
Video Calling e.t.c
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 Version History
Android has been updated frequently since the original release of "Astro",
Each version after Astro and Bender is named in alphabetical order
List of Android version code names
Cupcake 1.5
Donut 1.6
Eclair 2.1
Froyo 2.2
Gingerbread 2.3
Honeycomb 3.0.x
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0.x
Jelly Bean 4.1
Kitkat 4.4
Lollipop 5.x
Marshmallow 6.0
Nougat 7.0
Android Version in details- Android 1.0-
Astro
It was released in September 2008
Features
Android Market
Web browser
Camera support
Google Sync
Google Search.
Google Talk instant messaging
Media Player with stereo Bluetooth support
YouTube video player
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
Android 1.1 Bender
Released on February 9, 2009

Released only for initially for the HTC Dream only.

Features

speakerphone

Support added for marquee in system layouts

Android 1.5 Cupcake
Released on April 30, 2009

With Linux kernel 2.6.27

Features

Support for Widgets

Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats

User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts

Added auto-rotation option

Ability to upload videos to YouTube

Ability to upload videos to Picasa

Android 1.6 Donut
Released on September 15, 2009

With Linux kernel 2.6.29

Feature

Voice and text entry search

faster camera access

Support for WVGA screen resolutions

Speed improvements in searching

Android 2.0/2.1 Eclair
Released On October 26, 2009

With Linux kernel 2.6.29

Features

Allowing users to add multiple accounts

Bluetooth 2.1 support

Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom,

scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus

Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5

Motion Event class enhanced to track multi-touch events

Android 2.2.x Froyo
Released on May 20, 2010

With Linux kernel 2.6.32

Features

Speed, memory, and performance optimizations

Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application

Support for Bluetooth-enabled car

Adobe Flash support

Android 2.3.x Gingerbread
Released on December 6, 2010

With Linux kernel 2.6.35

Features

Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed

Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)

New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost

Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers

Improved power management

Its Final version was released on September 21, 2011 with some additional features
Android 3.x Honeycomb
Released on February 22, 2011

With Linux kernel 2.6.36

the first tablet

Features

Hardware acceleration
Support for multi-core processors
Ability to encrypt all user data
UI refinements
Support for external keyboards and pointing devices
Support for joysticks and gamepads
 Android 4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich
Released on October 19, 2011

based on Linux kernel 3.0.1

Features
Virtual buttons in the UI

Improved error correction on the keyboard

Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software

Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the background

Better camera performance

Smoother screen rotation

 Android 4.1,4.2 & 4.3.x Jelly Bean
Released on On June 27, 2012

Based on Linux kernel 3.1.10

Features
Jelly Bean is an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the user interface, both in
terms of functionality and performance

Multichannel audio

Improved voice search

Improved camera app

Expandable notifications

USB audio
Android 4.4.x KitKat
Released on 31 october 2013
Android OS 4.4.2 KitKat support more various upgraded Emoji icon

Features
Android 4.4 is designed to run fast, smooth, and responsively on a much
broader range of devices
Integrated Location service
Wireless Printing service.
Live Streaming on HTTP
Storage access framework
Step Detector and Step Counter
Enhanced notification access
Android 5.x Lollipop
Released on November 12, 2014.
Features:
Notifications can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within
applications as top-of-the-screen banners.
Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.
Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.
Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.
Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick
settings
Improvements to the notification priority system
Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the
owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory
settings.

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Android 6.0 Marshmallow
was officially released in October 5, 2015.
Features:
1) App permissions
2) Google "Now on Tap" feature
3) Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer
4) Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is
off in order to save battery life
5) Automatic full data backup and restore for apps
6) Application search bar and favorites
7) App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with
corresponding applications.
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 Android 7.0 Nougat
Google announced that N's release name would be
"Nougat on June 30, 2016.
Features:
Native support for VR.
Multi-window mode.
The notification panel has been completely redesigned.
Improvements in security through file-based
encryption, media framework hardening and seamless
updates.
By double-tapping the recent apps button, you can
quickly switch to the previous app.

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Android Architecture
 Android Architecture Cont..
Linux Kernel

The architecture is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel.

Android use Linux kernel as its hardware abstraction layer between the hardware and
rest of the software.

It also provides memory management, process management, a security model, and

networking, a lot of core operating system

Libraries

Next level up is the native libraries.

Every thing that you see here in green is written in C and C++
Android Architecture Cont..
Android Run Time

The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to

meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where
you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.

The DVM runs something called dex files, D-E-X and these are byte
codes that are the result s of converting at build time. Class and
JAR Files

The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO

,all the utilities and tools that youve come to expected to use
Android Architecture Cont..
Application Framework

This is all written in a Java programming language and the application frame work is the toolkit that
all applications use.

These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone
application .

It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you.

Applications

This is where all the applications get written

It includes the home application ,the contact s application ,the browser ,and your apps

And everything at this layer is, again, using the same app framework provided by the layers below.
Java to Linux
Processes
Five types of processes are distinguished in Android in order to control the behaviour
of the system and its running programs.

Foreground: A process that is running an Activity, a Service providing the Activity,

a starting or stopping Service

Visible: If a process holds a paused but still visible Activity

Service: A process that executes an already started Service.

Background: An Activity that is no longer visible is hold by a background process.

Empty: These processes contain no active application components and exists only
for caching purposes.

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Application lifetime & states

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What is SDK
SDK stands for Software development kit

A software development kit that enables developers to create applications

for the Android platform.

The Android SDK includes sample projects with source code, development
tools, an emulator, and required libraries to build Android applications.

Applications are written using the Java programming language and run on
Dalvik,

Dalvik a custom virtual machine designed for embedded use which runs
on top of a Linux kernel.
Android Development Tools
Google provides the Android Development Tools (ADT)
to develop Android applications with Eclipse. ADT is a
set of components (plug-ins) which extend the Eclipse
IDE with Android development capabilities.

ADT contains all required functionalities to create,

compile, debug and deploy Android applications from
the Eclipse IDE. ADT also allows to create and start
AVDs.
Dalvik Virtual Machine
The Android system uses a special virtual
machine, i.e. the Dalvik Virtual Machine to run
Java based applications. Dalvik uses an own
bytecode format which is different from Java
bytecode.

Therefore you cannot directly run Java class files

on Android, they need to get converted in the
Dalvik bytecode format.
Compilation Process
Android applications are primarily written in the Java programming
language. The Java source files are converted to Java class files by the
Java compiler.

The Android SDK contains a tool called dx which converts Java class
files into a .dex (Dalvik Executable) file. All class files of one application
are placed in one compressed .dex file. During this conversion process
redundant information in the class files are optimized in the .dex file.
For example if the same String is found in different class files,
the .dex file contains only once reference of this String.

These dex files are therefore much smaller in size than the
corresponding class files.
 pre requirements
JDK 1.6 or 1.7
ECLIPSE IDE
Android ADT plugin
Android SDK tools
Windows 32 or 64 bit OS
First install JDK in your PC.Steps to Install

Download the Android SDK for your platform.

If you dont already have Eclipse installed, download
and install the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers
(Windows, Mac OS X, or Linux).
Run Eclipse and choose Help->Install New Software to
install ADT.
Click SDK manager and install platform tools and the
version you want to develop your application
 Download the ADT Plugin

Start Eclipse, then select Help > Install New Software.

Click Add, in the top-right corner.

In the Add Repository dialog that appears, enter "ADT Plug-in" for the Name and the
following URL for the Location:

https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/

Click OK. If you have trouble acquiring the plugin, try using "http" in the Location URL,
instead of "https" (https is preferred for security reasons).
Available Software dialog
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Configure the SDK

After you've installed ADT and restarted Eclipse, you must specify the location of your
Android SDK directory:

Select Window > Preferences... to open the Preferences panel

Select Android from the left panel. click Proceed.

For the SDK Location in the main panel, click Browse... and locate your downloaded
Android SDK directory (such as android-sdk-windows).

Click Apply, then OK.

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Installing SDK Manager

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Android Virtual Device
To create virtual device
Open Eclipse -> Window -> AVD Manager
Open the Android Virtual Device manager
Add new device
With the Android OS version needed

Why need AVD?

To test your app before deployment to a phone
To test on different versions of Android OS
To find and correct simple mistakes

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How Android Virtual Device Looks
Create an First Android Project
Step 2
STEP 3

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Android Project Structure
 Google Play

Google Play, originally the Android Market, is

a digital distribution service operated by Google. It
opened on 23 October 2008, and provides an online
store for music, movies, books, magazines,
and Android applications
 Thank You

Copyright @ 2012 Oneyes Technologies 53