Period 1: 1491 - 1607

Pre-1492
 Period 1: 1491 - 1607

Key Concept 1.1 As native populations migrated and settled

across the vast expanse of North America over time, they
developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by
adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Key Concept 1.2 Contact among Europeans, Native

Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange
and significant social, cultural, and political changes on both
sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Native Americans Before Columbus
There were four major Native
American tribes in the Americas
before Columbus.
Pueblo
Cherokee
Iroquis
Pequot
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The World before 1492
 European Exploration
The Three Gs
God: Glory: Gold
The Portuguese were the first to sail
along the coast of West Africa
Danger scared off others
Portuguese set up trading posts for
gold and slaves
Slave trade was nothing new to Africa
Plantation system began with large
Portuguese sugar plantations
Columbian Exchange
 Columbian Exchange
New World (Americas) to
Old World (Europe) Old World (Europe)
to New World Plants:
(Americas)
corn (maize)
Plants:
potatoes (white/sweet)
Sugarcane
 Short Answer Question

What was the Effect of the

Columbian Exchange?
A. Both hemispheres were introduced to new foods and animals
that changed entire societies.
B. Potatoes and corn became major food sources for Europeans
allowing populations to increase greatly.
 Columbian Exchange
Old World New World
(Europe) to New (Americas) to Old
World (Americas) World (Europe)
Animals: Animals:
horses llamas
cattle alpacas
 Columbian Exchange
Old World (Europe) New World (Americas) to
to New World Old World (Europe)
(Americas) Disease
Disease: Syphilis
measles
Hepatitis
chicken pox
Polio
smallpox
Tuberculosis
yellow fever
malaria
influenza (flu)
common cold
 Short Answer Question

What was the Effect of the

Columbian Exchange?
The Effect was that the diseases the Europeans brought
killed most of the Native Americans which made it easy for
the Europeans to conquer new land.
 Short Answer Question
What was the Effect of the
Columbian Exchange?
D. Biggest Effect - Globalization - European countries are going
to want more of everything
Lead to Mercantilism
European Populations grew rapidly
Native Populations dropped rapidly
Slaves were brought over to America to use in the
agricultural field
 Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization

Explorers

European
Colonial Permanent
Empire Settlers
 Cultural Clashes
WHITE EUROPEANS
Used the land for economic needs
Clearing the land, destroying
hunting areas and fencing it off into
private property
Divided the land and selling it for
monetary value
NATIVE AMERICANS
Relationship with environment as
part of their religion
Need to hunt for survival
Ownership meant access to the
things the land produced, not
ownership of the land itself
 Summary
The Columbian Exchange has brought many great things, but not so
much for the Native Americans as the Europeans had brought many
diseases that killed off almost the entire population of the Native
Americans, while the Europeans were bringing back many goods
and animals back to their country such as corn, potatoes and
turkey. The Europeans too were able to easily conquer the land
since the diseases they have brought made the Native Americans
weak, making it easy for the Europeans to use their land for things
such as economic needs.