Introduction to DBA

Responsibilities of a DBA
Installing and upgrading the Oracle server and application tools
Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database system
Creating primary database storage structures (tablespaces) after application developers have
designed an application
Creating primary objects (tables, views, indexes) once application developers have designed an
application
Modifying the database structure, as necessary, from information given by application
developers
Enrolling users and maintaining system security
Ensuring compliance with your Oracle license agreement
Controlling and monitoring user access to the database
Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the database
Planning for backup and recovery of database information
Maintaining archived data on tape
Backing up and restoring the database
Contacting Oracle Corporation for technical support
 What is grid computing?

Grid computing is a term referring to the federation of computer

resources from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal.
Islands of computing within organizations make inefficient use of
resources.
Systems are slow to change and expensive to maintain.
Grid computing addresses these problems by providing an adaptive
software infrastructure
makes efficient use of low-cost servers and modular storage,
balances workloads more effectively and provides capacity on demand.
By scaling out with small servers in small increments
performance and reliability at low-cost.
New unified management
manage everything cheaply and simply in the grid
 Grid computing
Enables groups of networked computers to be pooled and
provisioned on demand to meet the changing needs of business.
Instead of dedicated servers and storage for each application,
grid computing enables multiple applications to share computing
infrastructure
resulting in much greater flexibility, cost, power efficiency,
performance, scalability and availability, all at the same time.
Instead of buying oversized systems for peak periods or
uncertain growth, scale out computing capacity on demand in
smaller units.
Remove unneeded or failed machines without interruptions in
service, saving cost and ensuring business continuity.
Manage all your systems end-to-end with integrated and
automated administration and monitoring.
Fundamental Attributes of Grid Computing

1. Virtualization,

2. Dynamic Provisioning,

3. Resource Pooling,

4. Self-adaptive Systems,

5. Unified Management
Benefits Of Grid Computing Using Oracle 11g

Ending the paralysis that results from having computer and

storage systems locked down on specific applications,
databases, and files
Enabling operations and administrative staff to flexibly assign
compute and storage resources as needed, enabling them to
avoid locked-down and overprovisioned resources
Providing a means for easily assigning and tuning resources
to meet the business service levels
Reducing cost and enhancing business agility by more
effective utilization of resources using commodity hardware
 Oracle Database 11g:
g Stands for Grid
Open Grid Forum (OGF)
Oracles grid infrastructure:
Low cost
High quality of service
Easy to manage

Storage Database Application Grid

grid grid grid control

Automatic Real Application Enterprise

Storage Application Server Manager
Management Clusters Clusters Grid Control
 Oracle Database 11g: g Stands for Grid
Oracle grid computing infrastructure software
balances all types of workloads across servers and
enables all those servers to be managed as one complete
system.
Grid computing achieves the same very high level of
reliability as mainframe computing because all
components are clustered.
Unlike mainframes and large UNIX symmetric
multiprocessing (SMP) servers, a grid can be built with
open system technologies, such as Intel processors and the
Linux operating system, at a very low cost.
Oracle Database 11g: g Stands for Grid

Oracles grid computing technology includes:

Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Real Application Clusters (RAC)
Application Server Clusters
Enterprise Manager Grid Control
 Automatic Storage Management
Spreads database data across all disks,
Creates and maintains a storage grid, and provides
the highest input/output (I/O) throughput with
minimal management costs
As disks are added or dropped, ASM redistributes the
data automatically
There is no need for a logical volume manager to manage
the file system
Data availability increases with optional mirroring
you can add or drop disks online.
 Real Application Clusters
Runs and scales all application workloads on a cluster of servers and offers the
following features:
Integrated clusterware: This includes functionality for cluster connectivity, messaging and
locking, cluster control, and recovery. It is available on all platforms that are supported by
Oracle Database 10g or later.
Automatic workload management: Rules can be defined to automatically allocate
processing resources to each service both during normal operations and in response to
failures. These rules can be dynamically modified to meet the changing business needs.
This dynamic resource allocation within a database grid is unique to Oracle RAC.
Automatic event notification to the mid-tier: When a cluster configuration changes, the
mid-tier can immediately adapt to instance failover or availability of a new instance. This
enables end users to continue working in the event of instance failover without the delays
typically caused by network timeouts. In the event of new instance availability, the mid-
tier can immediately start load balancing connections to that instance. Oracle Database
10g or later Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) drivers have the fast connection failover
functionality that can be automatically enabled to handle these events.
 Oracle WebLogic Application Grid
works with any application server
Oracle WebLogic Server, IBM WebSphere Application Server, and
JBoss Application Server - or in a pure grid environment without
an application server.
provides extreme and predictable application scalability and
performance.
With capacity on demand, can linearly scale out middleware
infrastructure from a few to thousands of servers.
it provides fast access to frequently used data. Leveraging
this grid capability, computation can be done in parallel,
further improving application performance
 Enterprise Manager Grid Control
manages gridwide operations that include managing the
entire stack of software, provisioning users, cloning
databases, and managing patches.
monitors the performance of all applications from the point
of view of your end users.
Grid Control views the performance and availability of the
grid infrastructure as a unified whole rather than as
isolated storage units, databases, and application servers.
Makes it possible to group hardware nodes, databases, and
application servers into single logical entities and manage a
group of targets as one unit
Grid Infrastructure for Single-Instance
Grid Infrastructure for Single-Instance is introduced
with Oracle Database 11g Release 2.
Is installed from the clusterware media, separate from
Oracle database software
Contains Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Contains Oracle Restart a high availability solution for non-
clustered databases
Can monitor and restart the following components:
Database Instances
Oracle Net Listener
Database Services
Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Instance
ASM Disk Groups
Oracle Notification Services (ONS/eONS) for Data Guard
 Grid infrastructure for Single-Instance
Oracle Restart is designed to improve the availability of your Oracle
database.
It implements a high availability solution for single instance (non-
clustered) environments only.
For Oracle Real Application Cluster (Oracle RAC) environments, the
functionality to automatically restart components is provided by Oracle
Clusterware.
Oracle Restart ensures that the components are started in the proper
order, in accordance with component dependencies.
If a component must be shut down, it ensures that the dependent
components are cleanly shut down first.
Oracle Restart runs out of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, which
you install separately from Oracle database homes.