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LIMITS

prepared by janice wong sf


What is limit?
When is close to 2, we denote it as 2.
2 means = 1.999 or = 2.0001.

To represent = 1.999, we denote it as 2 .


We say that is approaching 2 from the left.
To represent = 2.0001,
we denote it as 2+ .
We say that is approaching 2 from the right.
What about = 1.999?
How do we denote it?
2+
For = 2.0001,
we denote it as
2

prepared by janice wong sf


What is limit?
When 2 and () 3, we can use limit to denote it.
How?
lim () = 3
2+

What does lim () = 5 mean?


1

When is approaching 1 from the left, () is approaching 5.


Or when = 1.0001,
then = 4.999 or 5.0001.

lim () = is two sided limit.


lim+ () = is right hand limit.


lim () = is left hand limit.


prepared by janice wong sf


Existence of Limit
Two sided limit exists if and only if both the one sided limits are equal.
lim () exists if and only if lim+ () = lim ().

See below graphs for examples.


() () () ()
a) 4
b) c) d)

2 2 2


1 1 1 1

lim () = 2 lim () = 2 lim () = lim =


1 1 1 1
lim () = 4 lim () = 2 lim () = lim () =
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
lim () = lim () = 2 lim () = lim () =
1 1 1 1

prepared by janice wong sf

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