Chapter III

Cell & organelles

 ON YOUR TABLE

1. A landscape piece of A4 paper.

2. Draw the following table:

GROUP NO
IDENTITY

A G
B H
C I
D J
E K
F L
 A B
C
P
D L
A
E N
7 MINUTES
T
F
G C
H E
Plasmodesmata I
L
J Cytoplasm
L
L
K
 Structure/part of Cell
Cell Wall Golgi body
Plasma Membrane Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus Vacuole
Ribosomes Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure/part of Cell
Cytoplasm
Entire region of the cell
between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane.
The fluid in which all organelles
are suspended is known as the
cytosol (in blue).
Plasma Membrane Keeps the cell contents in
The plasma membrane (in
place.
orange) envelopes the cell and
Made of lipids and proteins.
controls substances entering or
Constantly reforms to allow
leaving the cell.
Transfers chemical messages movement of materials into
and out of the cell.
from the outside of the cell to
the inside.
Cell Wall
found in plant cells.
Presence of strong cellulose
Functions:
Protects the cell from
harmful external influences
Helps the cell keep its
shape
Prevents the cell from
absorbing too much water
that it bursts.
Plasmodesmata are channels that
allow small molecules and water
molecules to move between plant
cells.
 ORGANELLE
Nucleus
Plays two crucial role:
Carries the cells genetic
information that
determines if the
organism will deveop into
a tree or a human, or
whether the human will
have brown eyes or blue
eyes
It directs most cell The most prominent structure
activities including in the cell.
growth, metabolism, and
reproduction.
 ORGANELLE

Nucleus
Chromosomes are
uncoiled chromatin,
visible during nuclear
division.
A man has 46
chromosomes (i.e. 23
pairs of chromosomes) in
all his cells except the Nucleolus is the most visible
sex cells. part, responsible for formation
of ribosome
 ORGANELLE

Ribosomes
Attached to ER or in the
cytoplasm.
Produce proteins which
are used by the cell or
exported as secretions.
ORGANELLE
Mitochondria

Double-membraned organelle.
Cristae is the inner membrane, thrown into deep folds
It is where the respiration to produce the energy
happened.
ORGANELLE
Chloroplasts convert solar energy
Oval or spherical. (sun light) into a
Found in plant cells. chemical energy
Give plant cells their green ("food/nutrient") via
colour. photosynthesis
 ORGANELLE

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

an extensive network of
tubes that manufacture,
process, and transport
materials within eukaryotes.
The rough ER is embedded
with ribosome while smooth
ER is not.
 ORGANELLE

Golgi body / Golgi

apparatus / Golgi complex
the central delivery system for
the cell
a site for protein processing,
packaging, and transport.
stores products of the ER and
modifies them, then sends them
to other destinations.
Vesicles around the Golgi are
involved in the transfer of
material.
 ORGANELLE
Lysosomes
The garbage disposal
system of a cell.
Can destroy the cell by
auto digestion.
A vesicle from the golgi
containing digestive
enzymes
Found mostly in animal
cell.
ORGANELLE

Vacuole
Plant cells have a large and relatively
permanent central vacuole.
Makes up 90% of the cells volume in a
fully grown plant.
Maintains turgidity of the cell.
Stores nutrients, wastes, pigments and
poisonous substances.
Animal cell
Plant cell
Cell wall
protects and supports the cell.
It adds strength.
Cell wall is made from a tough
flexible material called cellulose.
Large vacuole
It is a membrane enclosed sac
within the cell, it stores food, liquid,
and is a disposal site for waste
materials.
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts convert solar energy
(sun light) into a chemical energy
("food/nutrient") via photosynthesis.
Answer these questions for exercise!
What is a cell?
What are the differences between animal cell and
plant cell?
What are the differences between cell wall and cell
membrane?
Why plant cell has larger vacuole compare to animal
cell?
Why do some cells have more mitochondrion?
Do you think all of your cells have the same
structure? Is the cells which forming your brain are
same with your hand? Explain your reasons.
 7.. IS ITWRITE THE CELL
AN ANIMAL ANSWER
OR A
PLANT CELL? ONLY
mitochondria
A.
DESCRIBES YOUR REASONS
B.

C.
cell membrane
(cytoplasm
2 POINTS) 1. 5 3
vacuole
9.E. WHAT
D.

golgi body
IS THE 8.. WHAT IS THE
FUNCTION
F. nucleus OF FUNCTION OF
RIBOSOME?
G. endoplasmic MITOCHONDRIA?
( 1 POINT) 6
reticulum
( H.1 POINT)
ribosome
I. cell wall
lysosome
4
J.
2