Meaningfully Analyzing Numbers Of Varied Applied Statistic

An Analysis of the Statistical Treatment Used in the Study

Entitled: The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and
Student Achievement in Reading and Mathematics on the Florida
Comprehensive Assessment Test

Prepared by: MARIA KRISETTE B. CRUZ

MaEd-English

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz

Purpose: To investigate Author: Nohemy Paz
the relationship
between parental
involvement and
student achievement in
Year Conducted: 2011
Reading and
Mathematics on the
Florida Comprehensive
Place of the Study: A
Assessment Test Middle school in Florida

BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
 VARIABLES:

FCAT SCORES
IN MATH
PARENTAL
INVOLVEMENT
FCAT SCORES
IN READING

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
 The study addressed the following sub-problems:

1. What is the Relationship between Reading and Math FCAT scores of

students whose parents were involved in School family Workshops?

2. Do students whose parents were involved in school family Workshops score

higher on the reading and Math FCAT than students whose parents did not

participate in school family workshop (SFW)?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
Null Hypothesis Ho1: There will be no relationship between reading and
Math FCAT scores of students whose parents were involved in School
Family Workshops (SFW).
Null Hypothesis Ho2:There will be no difference between FCAT
academic achievement of the students of parents who participated at
FCAT preparatory activities (school family workshops) and the students
who never participated.

HYPOTHESES OF STUDY
Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
 Mean
Mean served as the model of the data set
putting emphasis on averaging. Standard
Deviation is the most stable measurement
of variability. (Lund, 2013).
STATISTICAL TREATMENT USED
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
to interpret the scores
gained by the students. By
examining the FCAT scores
gained by the students from
both groups, the researcher
was able to describe interpret
the set of scores gathered.
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
Submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
Levenes test of Levenes Test is one of the tests perform in
determining homogeneity of variance. It is
Homogeneity
commonly used as a preliminary check of the
equal variance assumption in classical
ANOVA. It some cases, it puts justification in
eliminating missing data (Galswirth, et.al.,
2008).

-to determine whether the variances of the group

are equal or not. This was performed because the
total sample size was N=191, instead of 200. Nine
participants are missing data.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT USED

Submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
Test Between Subject
Effects Test between-subject effect, is perform to
determine the difference between levels of a
factor given by the difference between subject
responses (Henson & Penny, 2003).

to determine the relationship between Reading

and Math Scores in FCAT. The researcher decided
to perform a test between subject effects in order
to verify whether the scores gained in the FCAT
establish a relationship between the subjects it
was further divided, and as to how each
respondents differ in the dependent variables.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT USED

submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
 Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a
Bivariate Correlation bivariate correlation that measures the strength
or Pearson-r of a linear relationship between two variables.
It can be used in a causal as well as a
associative research hypothesis. In particular,
it was reiterated in a journal about
Correlations that Pearson-r is used when both
variables are normally distributed. (Mukaka,
2012).
A bivariate correlation was run between FCAT
reading and FCAT math for each group (attendees
and not attendees to family night workshops) to
find out its relationship to students reading FCAT
scores and students math FCAT scores.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT USED

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
MANOVA MANOVA serves as an extension of
(Multivariate ANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance
Analysis of Variance). (MANOVA) allowed a to simultaneously
analysis on two or more related dependent
variables while controlling for the correlations
among them (French, et.al, 2008)

The results showed a high relationship between the two variables across
the groups at r = .587, p < .001. With that, the researcher was prompted
the usage of the MANOVA to answer the research questions. The null
hypothesis was rejected at alpha = .05. If the null hypothesis was not
rejected, there will be no need to perform MANOVA in investigating
whether parental involvement contributes a significant difference or not.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT USED

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
In statistics, Wilks's
lambda
distribution (named
for Samuel S. Wilks), is
a probability
distribution used
The results of the Tests Between-Subject Effects
in multivariate hypothe
showed a positive relationship between math and
sis testing, especially reading. Math had a higher F value (19, 702) and
with regard to reading (2,850); therefore the overall model is
the likelihood-ratio significant because of math, p<.001. Wilks
test and multivariate Lambda distribution: F (2,188) = 10.403
analysis of
variance (MANOVA).

Wilks Lambda Distribution

submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
MANOVA Formula
submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
 R1. What is the relationship between reading and
math FCAT scores of students whose parents were
involved in School Family Workshops?

A bivariate correlation was run between FCAT reading

and FCAT math for each group. The relationship
between the two variables across all groups was
significant at r = .587, p < .001. This relationship
validates the usage of the MANOVA to answer
subsequent research questions. The null hypothesis was
rejected at alpha = .05.

ANSWERING THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
R2. Do students whose parents were involved in School Family Workshops score
higher on the reading and math FCAT than students whose parents did not
participate at the SFW?
Students math scores for those whose parents did not attend the workshops
(M = 2.48, SD = 1.1) and for those whose parents did attend the workshops
(M = 3.18, SD = 1.08) and their reading scores (M = 2.62, SD = 1.0 and M =
2.88 and SD = 1.12, respectively) were different. The math scores for the
students whose parents attended the school family night workshops were
higher than students whose parents did not participate F(1, 189) = 19.702, p
< .001. Their reading scores were not as high as expected; however, they were
higher than the scores of the students whose parents did not attend the
workshops F (1, 189) = 2.850, p < .001.
The null hypothesis was rejected at alpha = .05. Students whose parents
were involved in SFW did score higher in reading and math FCAT than
students whose parents did not participate at the SFW (Paz,2011).

ANSWERING THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

Prepared by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz
In conclusion, students whose
parents were involved in School Family
Workshops did score higher in reading
and math FCAT than students whose
parents did not
participate at the SFW.

submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz

submitted by: Maria Krisette B. Cruz