PRIMARY

WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
PRIMARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Primary wastewater treatment, the second
step in the wastewater treatment process
beyond the preliminary treatment of a
headworks, involves the physical separation
of suspended solids from the wastewater
flow using primary clarifiers. This separation
reduces total suspended solids as well as the
biological oxygen demand (BOD) levels and
prepares the waste stream for the next step
in the wastewater treatment process.
PRIMARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Within the primary clarifiers, suspended solids
are allowed to settle. A large amount, about
60%, of total suspended solids (TSS)are
removed with the gravity separation that takes
place. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) is
also reduced by about 30% in this process.
After the primary treatment, the wastewater
moves on to secondary treatment where a
biological treatment process normally takes
place.
SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Secondary wastewater treatment is the second stage of
wastewater treatment that takes place after the primary
treatment process. The process consists of removing or reducing
contaminants or growths that are left in the wastewater from the
primary treatment process. Usually biological treatment is used
to treat wastewater in this step because it is the most effective
type of treatment on bacteria, or contaminant, growth.
* Secondary treatment processes can remove up to 90
percent of the organic matter in wastewater by using
biological treatment processes. The two most common
conventional methods used to achieve secondary
treatment are attached growth processes and suspended
growth processes.
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
Activated sludge is abiochemicalprocess for treating
sewage and industrial wastewater that uses air (or
oxygen) andmicroorganismsto biologically oxidize
organic pollutants, producing a waste sludge (orfloc)
containing the oxidized material. In general, an activated
sludge process includes:
An aeration tank where air (or oxygen) is injected and
thoroughly mixed into the wastewater.
A settling tank (usually referred to as aclarifieror "settler")
to allow the waste sludge to settle. Part of the waste
sludge is recycled to the aeration tank and the remaining
waste sludge is removed for further treatment and
ultimate disposal.
TRICKLING FILTER PROCESS
Atricklingfilterconsistsofabedofrocks,gravel,slag,peatmoss,orplasticmediaoverwhich
wastewaterflowsdownwardandcontactsalayer(orfilm)ofmicrobialslimecoveringthebed
media.Aerobicconditionsaremaintainedbyforcedairflowingthroughthebedorbynatural
convectionofair.Theprocessinvolvesadsorptionoforganiccompoundsinthewastewaterby
themicrobialslimelayer,diffusionofairintotheslimelayertoprovidetheoxygenrequiredfor
thebiochemicaloxidationoftheorganiccompounds.Theendproductsincludecarbon
dioxidegas,waterandotherproductsoftheoxidation.Astheslimelayerthickens,itbecomes
difficultfortheairtopenetratethelayerandaninneranaerobiclayerisformed.
Thefundamentalcomponentsofacompletetricklingfiltersystemare:
Abedoffiltermediumuponwhichalayerofmicrobialslimeispromotedanddeveloped.
Anenclosureoracontainerwhichhousesthebedoffiltermedium.
Asystemfordistributingtheflowofwastewateroverthefiltermedium.
Asystemforremovinganddisposingofanysludgefromthetreatedeffluent.
Thetreatmentofsewageorotherwastewaterwithtricklingfiltersisamongtheoldestandmost
wellcharacterizedtreatmenttechnologies.
The City of Los Angeles Hyperion Wastewater Treatment Plant
is one of the largest in the United States. It serves
approximately 9 million people by treating 460 mgd of
wastewater.
Built in 1949, the plant was designed to treat up to 450 mgd
but was forced to reduce secondary treatment in the 1960s
to 120 mgd due to limited secondary capacity. The city faced
numerous challenges.
With a governmental directive to cease ocean discharge of
sludge by 1987 and provide secondary treatment to all
wastewater by 1998, the city turned toEvoqua to make the
necessary changes.
SAMPLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT(PT)(ST)
THANK
YOU!!