HAND

CALCULATION
NTU METHOD

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 1

 HAND CALCULATION
Cold stream (inlet): Ethanol
From problem statement..
Th,out= ?? c= 70 kg/h, Tc,in = 25 , P = 130 psia

Cold Stream : Ethanol

= 70 kg/h
Tc,inlet = 25 C
P = 130 psia

Hot Stream : 50%wt water

50%wt E-Acrylate
Tc,out= ?? Hot stream (inlet)
= 100 kg/h
h = 100 kg/h, Th,in = 70 , P =280 psia Th,inlet = 70 C
50%wt water and 50%wt Ethyl-Acrylate P = 280 psia

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 2

 HAND CALCULATION
Heat Exchanger Specification Data given from HEX
U 90 W/m2.K
TEMA type BEM Material SS 304
As 2.1 m2
Shell pass 1 Tube pass 1
Douter,tube 19.05 mm
Shell ID 162.74 mm Tube OD (D) 19.05 mm
Ltube 1.2 m
Shell thickness 1270 mm Tube thickness 1.65 mm

Baffle spacing
(center to center) Tube pattern 30 degree
(0.4*Shell ID) 97.6 mm triangle

Baffle cut 25%d Tube length (L) 1200 mm

Tube pitch
Baffle count 9 (1.25*Tube OD) 23.81 mm

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 3

 HAND CALCULATION
We apply NTU Methodto determine the outlet
temperature of both stream, heat transfer rate,
and number of tubes.
NTU Method is the determination of the heat
transfer rate and the outlet temperatures of the
hot and cold fluids.

We know all inlet parameters***

HEX exists know area A, U, Ltube, Dtube

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 4
 STEPS OF NTU METHOD
HEX exists know area A, U, Ltube, Dtube Number of tubes

From problem statement As = nDL

Properties of fluids
Specific heat capacities

max = Crate,minTmax
Find NTU, Capacity ratio
heat transfer
effectiveness Either from graph or
formula
=
HEX SIMULATION METHOD 5
 HAND CALCULATION
Assumption:
Steady state
The heat exchanger is well insulated so that heat
loss to the surroundings is negligible
Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of
fluid streams are negligible
Fluid properties are constant
Properties:
-Hot stream at 70 C , Cp,hot =???
Analysis
-Cold stream at 25 C , Cp,cold = ???
HEX SIMULATION METHOD 6
 HAND CALCULATION
To determine the specific heat capacity of Ethyl Acrylate

Cp,E-Acrylate

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 7

 HAND CALCULATION
To determine the specific heat capacity of water

Cp,water

70

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 8

 HAND CALCULATION
We
need Interpolation
to find the specific heat capacity of water at 70

Temperature Cp,water (kJ/kg.K) =

(
50
50 4.18
4.18
70 ???
70 ??? Cp,water@70 = 4.188 kJ/kg.K
75 4.19
75 4.19

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 9

 HAND CALCULATION
Calculate the specific heat capacity of mixture by
using the formula below

Cp,mixture = ; X = mass fraction

Cp,mixture = XE-AcrylateCp,E-Acrylate + XwaterCp,water
Cp,mixture = (0.5x1.96 kJ/kg.K) + (0.5*4.188 kJ/kg.K)

Cp,mixture = 3.074 kJ/kg.K

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 10

 HAND CALCULATION
To determine the specific heat capacity of ethanol

Cp,ethanol

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 11

 HAND CALCULATION ANALYSIS
Now we have
Cp,cold,ethanol = 2.46 kJ/kg.K = 70 kg/h
Cp,hot,mixture = 3.074 kJ/kg.K = 100 kg/h

Crate = mass flow rate * heat capacity

Crate,cold = * Cp,cold = 70 kg/h *(1h/3600s) * 2.46 kJ/kg.K

Crate,hot = * Cp,hot = 100 kg/h *(1h/3600s) * 3.074 kJ/kg.K

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 12

 HAND CALCULATION

Crate,hot = 0.0854 kW/K Cmax

Crate,cold = 0.0478 kW/K Cmin

Limiting of the maximum heat transfer rate

max = CminTmax ; Tmax = Thot,in Tcold,in

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 13

 HAND CALCULATION

Mass Balance: in out = 0 (steady state)

Cold stream; cold,in = cold,out = cold = 70 kg/hr
Hot stream; hot,in = hot,out = hot = 100 kg/hr

Energy Balance: in out = 0

max = CminTmax = Crate,cold*(Thot,in Tcold,in )

max = 0.0478 kW/K*(70 25)K

max = 2.151 kW
HEX SIMULATION METHOD 14
 HAND CALCULATION
Limiting of both stream from energy balance..
Energy Balance: in out = 0

max = hCh(Th,in-Th,out) = cCc(Tc,out Tc,in)

Crate,hot Crate,cold

Tc,out = Tc,in + Th,out = Th,in -

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 15

 HAND CALCULATION
Tc,out = Tc,in + = 25 +

Tc,out = 70 Temperature of cold stream not should be

more than 70

Th,out = Th,in - = 70 -

Th,out = 44.8 Temperature of hot stream not should be

lower than 44.8

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 16

 HAND CALCULATION
From given data
U 90 W/m2.K

As 2.1 m2 To find number of tubes in HEX

Douter,tube 19.05 mm
As = nDL ; n =number of tubes
Ltube 1.2 m

As = nDL
2.1 m2 = n(19.05 mm)(1.2 m)
n = 29.24 tubes 30 tubes

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 17

 HAND CALCULATION
From given data
U 90 W/m2.K
By using NTU method;
As 2.1 m2
NTU = =
Douter,tube 19.05 mm

Ltube 1.2 m
Crate,cold = 0.0478 kW/K

NTU =

NTU = 3.95

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 18

 HAND CALCULATION
To determine heat transfer effectiveness
0.56 =

NTU = 3.95

Capacity ratio c =

c = 0.56
NTU
So, = 0.93
HEX SIMULATION METHOD 19
 HAND CALCULATION
Or the other method to determine the heat
transfer effectiveness
From relation in case of 1 tube pass and 1 shell
pass with counter flow,

NTU = 3.95
c = 0.56

0.92 Nearly with the effectiveness value

from the graph from the previous slide
HEX SIMULATION METHOD 20
 HAND CALCULATION
The definition of the heat transfer effectiveness..

= 0.93

max = 2.151 kW
=

= 0.93 * 2.151 kW
= 2 kW

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 21

 HAND CALCULATION
Again, from the energy balance
Energy Balance: in out = 0

actual = hCh(Th,in-Th,out) = cCc(Tc,out Tc,in)

Crate,hot Crate,cold

Tc,out = Tc,in + Th,out = Th,in -

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 22

 HAND CALCULATION
Tc,out = Tc,in + = 25 +

Tc,out = 66.8

Th,out = Th,in - = 70 -

Th,out = 46.58

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 23

HAND CALCULATION SUMMARY
Parameters DATA

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 24

RESULTS COMPARISON

HEX SIMULATION METHOD 25