DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Dr. KRISHNAMURTHY
Professor and Chairman
Department of Civil Engg.,
Bangalore University
PAVEMENT DRAINAGE
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Importance of Drainage
Requirements of Drainage
Surface Drainage and Types
Sub-surface Drainage and Types
Design of Filter Materials
 It is a process of removing and
controlling excess surface or subsurface
water within the right of way. This
include interception and diversion of
water from the road surface and
subsurface.
 Rigid Pavement Mud Pumping

MUD EJECTED WATER ENTERS

WATER AND
SOIL MIX TOGETHER
AND FORM SLUSH

FIG. 2
MUD PUMPING IN CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
IN EMBANKMENT FAILURE OF EARTH
SLOPES
Frost Action
Erosion of Soil Drain from Earthen Road Surface

ERODED SHOULDER
PAVEMENT

ORIGINAL SLOPE
2:1

RAINCUTS
AND EROSION

FIG. 4
EROSION OF EMBANKMENT SLOPE BY RAINCUTS
 Surface drainage:
Removal or diversion of subsurface
water from roadway & adjoining land as
surface drainage.

Sub-surface drainage:
Diversion or removal of excess soil
water from the surface.
 REQUIREMENT OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
Collection of Surface Water from
Pavement side and adjoining land
Side Drain Capacity
Avoiding cross ruts and erosion
Sub-surface drainage
Lowering High water table
Water logged area
 OPEN DRAIN OPEN DRAIN
ROW

ROW
FIG. 10
SIDE DRAINS ALONG EDGES OF ROW
 TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Surface Drainage
 For cutting portion
 For Urban area
 DESIGN OF SURFACE DRAINAGE
a) Hydrologic Design
Q= c.i. Ad
C1A1+C2A2+C3A3
Cav = ---------------------------
A1 + A2 + A3
A1 + A2 + A3 +
Ad = ------------------------
1000
I = intensity of rainfall
ti = time of inflow from chart time f
FLOW CHART
t2 = time of flow = L/v
Time of concentration T = t1 + t2

Then i from intensity duration curve

 HYDRAULIC DESIGN
a) c/s of side drain Q = AV; A = Q/v (1)
Assuming a trapezoidal section with base width
and side slope is 1 in Z
A = bd + Zd2 - (2)
Equality (1) & (2) d can be determined
b) Bed slope of the side drain
V = 1/n R 2/3 S ; S = (Vn/R2/3) 2
 THROUGH ROAD IN HILL CUT

Hill slope

Surfacing
Cut slope Camber
Shoulder
Granular base

Open graded drainage

layer subbase
Filter

Sub-grade

Lined drain
 PAVEMENT DRAINAGE
Most of the existing pavements in India
have been constructed as a boxed
section. The water, entering the subgrade
is trapped and has no outlet. This is also
known as the Bath tub condition.
 PAVEMENT DRAINAGE...
It is now customary to provide a
drainage layer at the bottom of the
pavement. Thus, a sub-base cum
drainage layer is commonly
adopted now in India on well-
designed roads. This is now
mandatory as per the latest IRC
flexible pavement guidelines.
 PAVEMENT DRAINAGE...
The drainage layer is extended over
the full roadway width. The grading of
the materials should be as coarse as
possible. Naturally occurring materials
like murram have too much of fines and
do not permit free drainage. Crushed
aggregates blended with coarse sand
are freely drainable.
SHOULDER PAVEMENT SHOULDER

DRAINAGE LAYER

FIG. 11
DRAINAGE LAYER BELOW PAVEMENT
CROSS SECTION OF SIDE DRAIN IN
SOIL

1500 mm

900 mm

500 mm
 V SHAPED DRAIN

60 cm

Road surface

40 - 60 cm

Stone pitching
PARABOLIC OR SURFACE TYPE DRAIN

45 - 60 cm Road surface

40 - 60 cm

Stone pitching (15 cm)

 TRAPEZOIDAL DRAIN

80 cm Road surface

40 - 60 cm
30 cm Stone pitching or RR
masonry
U-SHAPED DRAIN
Edge stone guide

60 cm Road surface

60 cm

Stone pitching or RR
masonry 15/20 cm
 TRIANGULAR DRAIN

45 - 60 cm Road surface

60 cm
Stone pitching
 KERB AND CHANNEL DRAIN

60 cm
Road surface

10 - 20 cm
15 cm
20 cm
15 cm
TYPICAL SECTION OF TOE WALL AND DRAIN

45 cm 15 cm

80 cm Stone pitching

80 cm
SUB-SURFACE
DRAINAGE
 SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE
The main objectives of sub-surface drains
are:

to lower the level of high water table

Control of seepage flow
Control of capillary rise
LOWERING OF HIGH WATER TABLE
 IMPORTANCE OF DRAINAGE

Lowering of Stability and Subgrade

Failure
Reduction in Strength of Pavement
Materials
Variation in Volume of Subgrade
Formation of Waves and Corrugations
Stripping of bitumen form aggregates
and pot holes
CONTROL OF SEEPAGE FLOW
CONTROL OF CAPILLARY RISE
 DESIGN OF FILLER MEDIUM
(i) To Fulfil the Permeability Condition

D15 of filler material

--------------------------- > 5
D15 of foundation soil
(ii) To Prevent Piping
D15 of filler
-------------------- < 5
D85 of foundation
(iii) To Avoid Clogging of Drain Pipe
D8 > 2Dp
 GRADATION OF MATERIAL FOR
DRAINAGE LAYER
IS sieve Percent by weight
designation passing the IS sieve
75.0 mm 100
53.0 mm -
26.5 mm 55-75
9.5 mm -
4.75 mm 10-30
2.36 mm -
0.425 mm -
0.075 mm <5
Thank you