Cell Organelles and their

Functions
Cells
Cells are the basic unit of all living
things.
IF IT IS ALIVE, IT HAS CELLS!
Cell Theory:
All organisms are made up of one or more
cells
The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
all cells come from cells
Two Types of Cells
Parts in common
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
DNA
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 This is a prokaryotic cell
Is a single celled organism that does
not have a nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
Its DNA is locked in the cytoplasm.
Four Classes of Eukaryotic
Cells
There are 4 classes of eukaryotic cells.
Will only discuss 2; Plant & Animal
cells -

Plant cells Animal Cells

Cell Differentiation
Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to
doit is specialized.

I am a Im a
I am a
heart cell! Prison
skin cell
Cell!
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When you hear the new vocabulary,
just think of a TURTLE!
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane holds the cell
together and allows nutrients into the
cell.
Its just like a turtles skin - the cell
membrane is on the edge of a cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!)
inside a cell.its goop! It holds the
ORGANelles.
Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and
other liquids.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from
food.
Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria.
There are more mitochondria in cells that have to
perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells.
Other cells need less energy to do their work and have
less mitochondria.
Mitochondria is like a turtles stomach.
Nucleus
The nucleus controls the cell.
It is the largest organelle in the cell and
contains the cells DNA.
The nucleus is like the turtles brain.
 Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus is another organelle

called the nucleolus.
It is responsible for making ribosomes.
It is similar to all the neuron pathways inside
a turtles brain.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and
are made of genes (DNA).
Genes decide the cells traits and activities
(heart cell, eye cell - such as color).
Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane allows
substances to pass in and out of the
nucleus.
It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like
the turtles skullprotects it.
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are spaces in the
cytoplasm (gel) where food and
chemicals are stored
Its like fat on a turtle

I am NOT
fatIm
just a little
plump!!
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm
of the cell.
It helps to move materials around the cell.
It is much like the blood vessels throughout a turtle.
Golgi apparatus
It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and
correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membrane-covered
sacs.
They also package proteins to be moved out of the cell.
Its like the digestive system of a turtle.
Vesicles
It is a small sac that surrounds material
to be moved into or out of a cell
Ribosomes
Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins.
Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to
the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and
also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere
in the body.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling
compartment.
Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help
break down food molecules, wastes, and worn out
cell parts.
Its similar to the turtles digestive system!
The
lysosomes are
stained RED!
Cell Wall
Cell Walls are only in plant cells
They make the cell strong and rigid
They are like a turtles shell (but only
plants have themthats why grass
stands straight up!)
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
They contain chlorophyll, which helps
make energy/food from sunlight
Chlorophyll is green in color.

Im
greendo I
have
chloroplasts?
Whats the Difference?
So what are two things that Plant cells
have that animal cells dont?

Chloroplasts, vacuoles, & Cell Walls

Now, lets review
Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplasts
Chromosomes Nuclear Membrane Nucleus
Mitochondria Cytoplasm Vacuoles
This PowerPoint presentation has been adapted and modified by Dorothy Moore.
Obtained from Biology PowerPoints: Cell Vocabulary, by Mr. Ryan submitted
12/09/06 at www.worldofteaching.com/biologypowerpoints.html