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Blisters Discoloration
Cracking Dusting
Crazing Low Spots
Curling Popouts
Delamination Scaling and Mortar Flaking
Blisters
Width: 5 mm to 100 mm
Depth: 3 mm
Blisters
Causes:
Common Types:
Plastic shrinkage
Drying shrinkage
Settlement
Thermal
Plastic Shrinkage Cracking
Caused by rapid evaporation
of water from the surface
before the concrete sets
Wind
Low humidity
High temperatures
Prevention:
Causes:
Causes:
Cause:
Differences in moisture content or temperature
between the top and bottom of the slab
Curling
Curling can be reduced by:
Low-shrinkage concrete
Proper control joint spacing
Uniform moisture and temperature
Reinforcing steel
Thickened slab edges
Vacuum dewatering, shrinkage-compensating
concrete, post-tensioning
Curling
Possible remedies:
Calcium chloride
Hard-troweled surfaces
Paper or sheet curing
Changes in the concrete mix
Discoloration
Remedies:
Development of a fine,
powdery material that easily
rubs off the surface.
Dusting
Causes:
Remedies:
Grinding
Floor hardeners
Low Spots
Affect slab drainage and serviceability
Causes:
Prevention:
Typical size: 5 mm to 50 mm
(1/4 in. to 2 in.)
Popouts
Causes:
Porous rock with high absorption, low specific
gravity:
Pyrite
Hard-burned dolomite
Coal
Shale
Chert
Alkali-aggregate reactivity
Popouts
Prevention:
Remedy:
Sealer can help reduce further deterioration
Thin Toppings and Underlayments
Proprietary materials