Speaking

Basic Concepts and

Terminology
 Productive x
Receptive Skills
LISTENING
READING
SPEAKING
WRITING
When asked why do
you study
english?what are
peoples most
common response?

I want to learn to
speak!
I want to speak to talk
In pairs, think of
6 characteristics
of speaking and
conversation.
 It happens in real time.

It is unplanned, unaided by
written script and unpredictable.

There is less information

than in written communication.

It involves the speakers

ability to manipulate language,
but not necessarily to produce
only grammatically correct
 It involves interaction with
one or more speakers.

It necessitates an ability to
listen effectively.

It necessitates understanding
and following cultural
conventions of conversation.

It involves the use of

gesture, body language and facial
expression to convey meaning.
 list of
characteristics,
identify which
areas cause
students
difficulties
generally. Make a
list.
 What do you
understand by
itaccuracy?
is the extent to
which the
learnersoutput macthes
some external standard
traditionally the
output of an idealised
native speaker [it is
 Accuracy ~
Appropriacy
A: Hello, my name's John Smith. I'm the
business manager for SP Communication.

B: Great to meet you, John! Call me

Ben, all my friends do. That's a really
nice tie you're wearing. How much did
it cost? An arm and a leg, I'll bet!

Is this appropriate? Why?

 What do you
understand by
fluency?
it is used to describe the
ability to communicate an
intended message, or to affect
the listener or interlocutor in
the way that is intended by the
speaker. It involves the ability
to adjust the message according
to the responses of the listener
to construct coherent utterances
and stretches of speech, to
 Do you think
fluency can be
taught? Or is it
something that
happens as learners
make progress?
Communicative Activities
1. Controlled practice
Activities which allow learners to practice the
topic which was taught in a very closed,
controlled way. They help learners develop
awareness of the features of the language.

2. Freer practice (tasks)

Activities which allow learners to manipulate
language. It is student-centred and there is
no room for on-the-spot correction. They help
learners use language in a more close to real
life context.
 Problems in Speaking
Activities
Students may feel they have nothing to say.

Students may not wish to discuss the topic.

Students may lack aspects of language necessary to

participate.

Students may lack speaking skills.

Participation may be dominated by certain students.

Students may feel inhibited by a fear of making

mistakes.

What can
 Speaking skills
When people speak, they........
Pronounce words
Grammar and Answer questions
Ask for clarification or
vocabulary explanation
Correct themselves
Functions Take part in discussions

Features of Change content or styleof spech

according to how the listener(s)
connected speech responds
Greet people
(pronunciation, Are fluent (normal speed,not
intonation, many hesitations)
Smile
rhythm, stress) Respond appropriately
Start speaking when the
Appropriacy interlocutor stops
Use mostly accurate grammar and
Body languge vocab
Interactive Use tense correctly
Use intonation accordingly
strategies
Conversation and its
characteristics
Error-correct
 When do you teach a
speaking lesson?

Have you ever taught a

speaking lesson? If so,
when was it and what did
you do?
Stage 1: Brainstorming
or Activating Schemata
Book's
Suggestion

Plan a
completely
Using material
different
your students
 Stage 2: Input

Could we use a reading

input? What other types of
 Stage 3: Language
Preparation

Prepare learner for the vocabulary they are

expected to use.
 Stage 3: Language
Preparation
Prepare learner for the vocabulary they are
expected to use.

How can you you do that?

Providing them with different

activities:

Matching, labelling,
completing sentences,
Stage 4: Content
Preparation

Ordering of
Information
Plan what you are
going to talk
about.
 Stage 5: Speaking
Activity (Controlled +
Free)
1.Dialogues and Role-Plays;
2.Using Pictures;
3.Problem-solving activities;
4.Change the story;
5.Debates or Full-class
discussions;
6.Speeches and presentations;
7.7. Information gaps
What can you do in this last
moment?
Stage 5: Speaking
Activity
Monitor and give delayed
feedback on content and
language.

Teacher-feedback on
content and language.
 Speaking

1. Brainstorming / Activating Schemata.

2. Input

3. Language Preparation

4. Content Preparation

5. Speaking Activity
Time to practice