Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
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Topics: We will discuss-
1. DAM
2. BRIDGES
3. CULVERTS
4. SLUICE GATES
5. AQUEDUCTS
6. SIPHONS
Presented By-
Nusrat Nasreen Khan, Syeda Khushnuma Wasim, M A Rafsan Mazumder,
Faisal Razy Anqur, A. S. M. Akram Samrat
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DAM
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What is Dam?
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A dam wall must have sufficient strength to
A dam must be watertight so that stand permanently under its own weight
water does not leak out of the dam especially when at least part of the dam wall
and escape downstream. is saturated with water and to resist the water
pressure in the lake upstream of the dam.
Watertight Sufficient
Strength
How Does
Dam Work?
Releasing Flood Water
Water Flow
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Syncrude Tailings Dam, Canada
Storage Capacity of
350106 m3
producing up to 250,000
tons a day of tailings
Holding 11,600,000
acre feet of water
Discharge capacity of
18,406 cubic meters/s
To provide a To generate
supply of Why Dam electricity in
water for the is hydro-electric
irrigation of Important? power
crops stations
To help
control or
mitigate
floods
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BRIDGES
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What is a BRIDGE?
A bridge is a structure built to span physical
obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road,
for the purpose of providing passage over the
obstacle.
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As the hydraulic fluid is How Does a
pushed under pressure, the
fluid travels through pipes
Bridge Work? A bridge has the ability
to handle varying loads
eventually leading to a (wind/ice) and possesses
vertical shaft leading to the smooth acceleration and
mid-span of the bridge. deceleration
Fluid
Travelling Varying
to Mid- Loads
Span
Horizontal Pinned
Sideway Connection
Direction In arch bridges at
In Arch based the midpoint of the
bridges the main arch there is a
forces are directed in pinned connection,
a horizontal essentially making
sideways direction. it a three hinged
arch
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CROSS SECTION
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The Uses of Hydraulic Bridges
Pedestrian Water
Footbridge Transportatio
n
Vehicular
Light Vehicles Transportatio
n
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Golden Gate
Bridge, San
Francisco
Sydney
Harbor
Bridge
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CULVERTS
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What is a CULVERT?
A culvert is a structure
that allows water to
flow under a road,
railroad, trail, or
similar obstruction.
Typically embedded so
as to be surrounded by
soil, a culvert may be
made from a pipe,
reinforced concrete or
other material.
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TYPES OF CULVERTS
Performance Curves
The culvert
performance curve is
made up of the
controlling portions of
the inlet, outlet and
How Does a Culvert roadway overtopping
performance curve
Work? 24
CROSS SECTION
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The Uses of Culvert is used to convey
water from one area to
Culvert another, usually from one
side of a road to the
Conveying
Water other side.
Safe
Passage
in arable
farm
Carrying
Culvert is an traffic
integral part of
any arable farm
providing a safe
passage over
ditch fields into Culvert is used to form a bridge-
arable fields like structure to carry traffic.
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SLUICE GATE
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A gate
What is Sluice
Gate?
A frame A power
mechanism
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Many sluice gates are moved by When gates are used in applications with a
means of a threaded rod system, large amount of water pressure, they are
which needs to be regularly cleaned raised and lowered by hydraulic systems
and greased. to control the sluice gate flow.
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Irrigation Channels Sewage Treatment Stations
(WWTP)
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AQUEDUCT
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What is an AQUEDUCT?
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CROSS SECTION
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Aqueduct is a structure How does an aqueduct
constructed at the
intersection of two work?
waterways.
OPEN CHANNEL
carries the discharge of
one waterway above
the other.
Irrigation of Supply
croplands drinking
water
Help
Control drought
flood prone areas
with water
supplies
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SIPHON
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What is Siphon?
Siphon refer to a wide variety of
devices that involve the flow of
liquids through tubes, but in the
narrower sense it refers
specifically to a tube in an
inverted U shape which causes a
liquid to flow uphill, above the
surface of the reservoir, without
pumps, powered by the fall of
the liquid as it flows down the
tube under the pull of gravity and
is discharged at a level lower
than the surface of the reservoir
whence it came.
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A restatement of
conservation of energy
How Siphon principle in that the sum of
Bernoullis
Works Principle all energy at any given
point in the siphon flow is
constant.
Energy Unlike a
Difference Manometer
A siphon works because
gravitational potential energy Operates as a measurement of
difference between liquid in two pressures in static balance
the upper reservoir and lower
when the inlet and the outlet
reservoir leaves reduced
pressure at the top of the are at the same level.
siphon proportional to the
height differences. 46
SIPHON
FUNCTION
PROCESS
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CROSS SECTION
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Self-constructed siphons,
How Siphon is made of pipes or tubes,
can be used to evacuate
Important? water from cellars after
flooding.
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