Significant figures

 1). 4357  a. 0.3

 2) 43.57
 3) 70.4
 B. 0.102
 4) 1.0003
 C. 0.20200
 5) 19.10  D. 0.000303
 6) 70.30  E. 0.000045005
 7) 8000.300  F. 0.00062500
 8) 5000
 9) 5690000
Topic 1: Standard Form

Learning Objectives :

1.2 Understand and use the concept of

standard form to solve problems

Learning Outcome :

iii At the end of the lesson, the students

should able to perform operations of
addition and subtraction involving any
two numbers and state the answers in
standard form.
 Become bigger,
Example 1: that is 3

2.4 x 103 + 1.5 x 102

= 2.4 x 103 + 0.15 x 103

Become smaller,
= (2.4 + 0.15) x 10 3
that is 0.15

= 2.55 x 103
 Become bigger,
Example 2: that is -7

5.6 x 10-7 – 4.2 x 10-8

= 5.6 x 10-7 - 0.42 x 10-7

Become smaller,
= (5.6 - 0.42) x 10 -7
that is 0.42

= 5.18 x 10-7
 Become bigger,
Example 3:
that is 3

3.4 x 103 + 800

= 3.4 x 103 + 8.0 x 102

= 3.4 x 103 + 0.8 x 103

Become smaller,
= (3.4 + 0.8) x 10 3
that is 0.8

= 4.2 x 103
 Become bigger,
Example 4:
that is -3

0.00045 + 2.5 x 10-3

= 4.5 x 10-4 + 2.5 x 10-3
= 0.45 x 10-3 + 2.5 x 10-3
Become smaller,
= (0.45 + 2.5) x 10-3
that is 0.45
= 2.95 x 10-3
 Become bigger,
Example 5: that is 5

6.2 x 105 – 3 x 104

= 6.2 x 105 - 0.3 x 105

Become smaller,
= (6.2 - 0.3) x 105 that is 0.3

= 5.9 x 105
 Become bigger,
that is 5
Example 6:

990000 – 1.8 x 104

= 9.9 x 105 – 1.8 x 104
= 9.9 x 105 – 0.18 x 105
Become smaller,
= (9.9 – 0.18) x 105
that is 0.18
= 9.72 x 105
 Become bigger,
that is -2
Example 7:

9.879 x 10-2 – 0.00123

= 9.879 x 10-2 – 1.23 x 10-3
= 9.879 x 10-2 – 0.123 x 10-2
= (9.879 – 0.123) x 10-2
Become smaller,
that is 0.123 = 9.756 x 10 -2
Work sheet : Evaluate the following and give
your answer in standard form

1 6.32 x 105 + 3.22 x 104 6.642 x 105

2 5.58 x 108 -2.84 x 107 5.296 x 108

3 4.6 x 10-4 - 3.3 x 10-5 4.27 x 10-4

4 2.01 x 10-4 + 3.75 x 10-5 2.385 x 10-4

Work sheet : Evaluate the following and give
your answer in standard form

5 72 000 + 3.6 x 105 4.32 x 105

6 8.5 x 106 – 570 000 7.93 x 106

7 0.040021 – 0.005461 3.456 x 10-2

 am x an = am+n
am ÷ an = am―n

Answer : Indices Theorem

 Examples :
1. 32 x 33 = 35
2. 25 ÷ 23 = 22
3. 4 x 4 =
6 7 413

4. m ÷ m =
5 3m 2

5. 2b x 3b =
4 6b
59
Examples :

420000 x 0.006 = ?

420000 ÷ 0.006 = ?

How to solve it ?
Examples 1 : 420000 x 0.006 = ?
Step 1 : Change the numbers to Standard
form.
420000 x 0.006 = 4.2 x 105 x 6 x 10-3
Step 2 : Multiply the numbers and add the
power numbers.
4.2 x 105 x 6 x 10-3 = 4.2 x 6 x 105+ (-3)
= 25.2 x 102
Step 3 : Change the answer to Standard
form.
Answer = 2.52 x 103
Examples 2 : 420000 ÷ 0.006 = ?
Step 1 : Change the numbers to Standard
form.
420000 ÷ 0.006 = 4.2 x 105 ÷ 6 x 10-3
Step 2 : Divide the numbers and subtract
the power numbers.
4.2 x 105 ÷ 6 x 10-3 = 4.2 ÷ 6 x 105- (-3)
= 0.7 x 108

Step 3 : Change the answer to Standard

form.
Answer = 7 x 107
Examples 3 : 6.8 x 10-2 x 9 x 106 = ?
Step 1 : Change the numbers to Standard
form.
Step 2 : Multiply the numbers and add the
power numbers.
6.8 x 10-2 x 9 x 106 = 6.8 x 9 x 10-2+6
= 61.2 x 104
Step 3 : Change the answer to Standard
form.
Answer = 6.12 x 105
 Examples 4 : 3.9 x 10-7 ÷ 3.0 x 104 = ?
Step 1 : Change the numbers to Standard
form.
Step 2 : Divide the numbers and subtract
the power numbers.
3.9 x 10-7 ÷ 3.0 x 104 = ( 3.9 ÷ 3.0 ) x 10-7- (4)
= 1.3 x 10-11
Step 3 : Change the answer to Standard
form.
Answer = 1.3 x 10-11
Exercise
1. 8.9 x 5 x 107 = 4.45 x 108

2. 6.4 x 1011 ÷ 8.0 x 10-5 = 8 x 1015

3. 36 x 10-6 x 4 x 10-5 = 9 x 10-11

4. 63000 ÷ 7 x 106 = 9 x 10-3

5. 0.0048 ÷ 6000 = 8 x 10-7

Using The Scientific Calculator
Examples :
2.75 x 107 x 7.24 x 108
Pres 2 . 7 5 Exp 7 X 7 . 2 4 Exp 8 =
s
Let’s try !
1. 8.5 x 10-2 ÷ 5 x 10-4
2. 5.5 x 104 ÷ 5 x 108
3. 6.5 x 10-6 x 4.8 x 10-7
Exercise
Solve each of the following and state the
answer in standard form.

1. 0.064 x 9400

3. 0.051 ÷ 3000

• 3.4 x 109 x 2 x 10-5

• 8.4 x 10-7 ÷ 4 x 10-4

• 360000 ÷ ( 9 x 5 x 10-2 )