FIRST AID LEGISLATIVE

REQUIREMENTS.
EMERGENCY FIRST AID
AND CPR.
 Course Objectives
To become aware of the legal
requirements of first aid provision
Become familiar with basic first aid
techniques
We are not here to make you doctors
 Introduction
Employers and employees have a moral,
social and legal duty to prevent accidents by
every practicable means available to them.
The costs to a firm, its employees and others
affected may be great, and should supply an
ample motivation to all involved to reduce
the risks to health, safety and welfare.
Motivation must, however, be translated into
effective action, and this can only be
achieved by the application of sound
management principles to the environment in
which accidents occur.
 Definition of First Aid
In cases where a person will need help from
a doctor or a nurse; treatment for the
purpose of preserving life and minimising
the consequences of injury or illness until
such help is obtained.
Treatment of minor injuries which would
otherwise receive no treatment or which do
not need treatment by a doctor or nurse.
It should be noted that the definition covers
all illness at work and not just accidents. You
must, therefore, plan for times when
someone has a heart attack or just collapses.
 NOTICE
This presentation is not
intended as a substitute for
professional medical care or
for First Aid and CPR
training. All employees must
meet the training
requirements set forth in
relevant Legal Requirements.
 EMERGENCY FIRST AID
If you are the first on the scene of accident that
results in an injury or serious illness, you may
be the only link between a victim and
emergency medical care. Your role is to take
action, whether by providing first aid, seeking
medical help or calling 997. Your actions may
improve the victims chance of recovery.
The following slides will provide specific
information from The American Safety & Health
Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.
 BLEEDING
Apply direct pressure to
the wound (at this time a
direct pressure bandage
may be used)
Elevate (do not further
harm)
Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to
a pressure point to help
reduce bleeding.
CARE FOR SHOCK
Keep the victim laying down
(if possible).
Elevate legs 10-12 inches
unless you suspect a spinal
injury or broken bones.
Cover the victim to maintain
body temperature.
Provide the victim with
plenty of fresh air.
If victim begins to vomit -
place them on their left side.
Call 997.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
I-C-E
I - Ice, apply a cold
pack. Do not apply ice
directly to skin.
C - Compress, use
an elastic or
conforming wrap - not
too tight.
E - Elevate, above
heart level to control
internal bleeding.
 CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
I-A-C-T
I - Immobilize area. Use pillows,
jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any
movement by supporting injured area.
A - Activate Emergency Medical
Services (EMS), call 997.
C - Care for shock. See Care for
Shock slide.
T - Treat any additional secondary
injuries.
POISONING
Assess the scene for clues
and safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life
threatening conditions.
Check Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Notify medical staff or on-call
Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
and 997 when necessary.
 POISONING
Call 998
FOR SWALLOWED POISONS: do not attempt to induce vomiting, as
this may harm the casualty further.
FOR INHALED POISONS: remove the casualty from danger and into
fresh air.
FOR ABSORBED POISONS: flush away any residual chemical on the
skin.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin the A-B-C of resuscitation
immediately.
TAKE CARE NOT to contaminate yourself with poison that may be
around the casualty's mouth. You may close mouth and breathe via
nose.
If the casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place him in the
recovery position,
If the casualty is conscious, ask quickly what has happened, remembering
that he may lose consciousness at any moment.
If the casualty is conscious and lips or mouth show signs of burning, cool
them by giving sips of milk or water to drink.
 EPILEPSY
Call 998
the main aims being to keep the person safe during a seizure
and to provide after-care.
If the person is falling, try to support or ease the fall and lay
down gently.
Clear a space around him. If possible, loosen clothing around
the neck and place something soft under the head.
When convulsions cease, place him in the recovery
position.
DO NOT move or lift unless in danger.
DO NOT forcibly restrain.
DO NOT put anything in his mouth or try to open
DO NOT try to wake him.
Take care of him by protecting him from dangers such as
busy roads.
Remain with him until you are certain he has recovered.
 ELECTROCUTION
Whatever the cause of an electrical accident, never touch
the casualty with bare hands unless you are sure there is
no danger to yourself.
Switch off the electrical supply if possible or remove
fuse.
Remove the casualty from contact with electrical source,
using non-conductive articles such as a dry brush
handle, dry rope or piece of clothing.
Call for help/998.
If breathing and heartbeat have stopped, begin the A-B-C
of resuscitation immediately.
If the casualty is breathing, but unconscious, place him
in the recovery position.
Treat any burns.
Treat for shock.
 BURNS
First degree burn is superficial damage to top layer of skin
Second degree burn goes deeper and damages both layers of
skin, but not tissue beneath.
Third degree burns, cause damage to both layers of skin and the
tissue under.
Assess the scene and make sure it is safe. Call 998
Cool the burn right away. Immerse it in cool water if possible.
Or pour cool water on the area & cover with a clean,wet cloth.
Loosen or remove anything on the burned area that is tight,
but not stuck to the wound. This includes jewellery and tight
clothing. Do this quickly before the injury swells.
Give ongoing casualty care, including arranging for medical
help, first aid for shock and monitoring vital signs.
 BURNS
When pain has lessened, loosely cover the burn with a clean,
lint-free dressing. If the area is large, use a sheet.
Secure the dressing with tape, making sure there is no tape
on the burned area.
Do not breathe on, cough over or touch the burned area.
Do no break blisters.
Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the burned area.
Do not use butter, lotions or oily dressings on a burn.
Do not cover a burn with cotton wool or other fluffy material.
Do not use adhesive dressings.
Cool the burned area but not the casualty. Ensure the
casualty is warm and calm as possible.
 SNAKE BITE
Make sure there's no danger of another bite. Most snakes will
be within 10 metres of where the bite took place. Be careful.
Place the casualty at rest and keep the affected limb below
heart level, if possible. This will slow the spreading of venom.
Flush the bite with soapy water, if available, but do not apply
ice or cold compresses as they could cause more damage.
Immobilize the limb as you would for a fracture.
Get medical attention quickly. Call 998
Do not let a snakebite casualty walk if there is any other
method of transportation to medical help.
Do not give the casualty alcoholic beverages.
If the snake is killed, bring it to medical help for identification.
Do not touch the snake directly and avoid the head, as a
dead snake may still have bite reflex.
 CHOCKING
Free breathing needs to be restored within four minutes or brain
damage could result.
A person will most likely die if breathing is not restored within 8
minutes or less, so there is rarely time to wait for help to arrive.
Place your fist against the victim's abdomen with your thumb
slightly above the navel and below the tip of the breastbone.
 OTHER FIRST AID PROCEDURES
COVERED BY ASHI
Burn Care
Neck and Back Injuries
Heat Exhaustion/Heat Stroke
Hypothermia/Frost Bite
Severe Allergic Reactions
Bites and Stings
Faints/Passing Out
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR ABCs
AIRWAY - Open the
airway with the tilt-
chin method.
Breath - give two
breaths.
Check circulation.

If there is no pulse or
breathing..(next slide)
 CPR Continued
Perform chest compressions.
15 compressions and two breaths.
Count = 1&2&3&4&5&15
Call 997.
 RESCUE BREATHING

1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per

minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 15:2

 REMEMBER!!!
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:
The routine use of appropriate
barrier precautions to prevent skin
and mucous membrane exposure
when contact with blood or other
body fluids of any individual may
occur or is anticipated.
Universal Precautions apply to
blood and to all other body fluids
with potential for spreading any
infections.
 Section 3.1 First Aid
Full time trained first-aider, when >50
employees
First aid room, when >250
employees
name of the first-aider, emergency
numbers to be displayed
THE END