Database

Management System

Marvin Marquez
UPOU Student
 How many minutes it takes to
serch one record frorm 100,000
record?
Can you imagine that it takes one
a bit of seconds to if you deposit
or withdraw an amount in a bank?
 What is database?
It is a collection of information that is
organized so that it can easily be
accessed, managed, and updated.
It is a logically organized collection of
data helpful in easy search and
retrieval of data
Databases are intended for storing
and maintaining large amounts of
information
 Database Applications
Banking: all transactions
Airlines: reservations, schedules
Universities: registration, grades
Sales: customers, products, purchases
Manufacturing: production, inventory,
orders, supply chain
Human resources: employee records,
salaries, tax deductions
 File Systems vs DBMS
Must write special programs to answer each
question a user may want to ask about data
Must protect data from inconsistent changes
made by different users accessing data
concurrently
Must cope with system crashes to ensure data
consistency
Need to enforce security policies in which
different users have permission to access
different subsets of the data
 Example of a Traditional
Database Application

Suppose we are building a system

to store the information about:
students
courses
professors
who takes what, who teaches what
Can we do it without a DBMS ?
Doing it without a DBMS...
Problems without an DBMS...
Drawbacks of using file systems
to store data:
Data redundancy and inconsistency
Multiple file formats, duplication of information
in different files
Difficulty in accessing data
Need to write a new program to carry out
each new task
Data isolation
multiple files and formats
 Integrity problems
Integrity constraints (e.g. account balance >
0) become part of program code
Atomicity of updates
Failures may leave database in an inconsistent
state with partial updates carried out
Concurrent access by multiple users
Concurrent accessed needed for performance
Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to
inconsistencies
Security problems
 Why Use a DBMS?
Data independence and efficient access.
Reduced application development time.
Data integrity and security.
Uniform data administration.
Concurrent access, recovery from
crashes.
 Advantages of DBMS
Control redundancy Data standard
Consistency More information
Integrity Data sharing &
Security conflict control
Concurrency control Productivity &
Backup & recovery accessibility
Maintenance Economy of scale
 Limitations of DBMS
Complexity
Size
Cost
Software
Hardware
Conversion
Performance
Vulnerability
 Database tasks:
Retrieving
Sorting
Summarizing
Inserting
Updating
Deleting
 What is a table?
Tables are made up of rows and columns
The columns of a table describe the characteristics
of the information stored in that table
The data in each row belongs to a given instance
of the type of data stored in a particular table
Tables are made up of rows and columns
The columns of a table describe the characteristics
of the information stored in that table
 The data in each row belongs to a given
instance of the type of data stored in a
particular table
Each row contains one data value per column.
The range of values that can go into a
particular column of a row is called the
domain of that column, and is generally
restricted to data of a specific type (integers,
character data, dates, etc.)
 Name Office Address Locality Phone Department
Bob Walker 212 S. Allen Street State College, PA 16801 (814) 555-1111 Sales

Beth Adams 5251 Electric Avenue Lewistown, PA 17044 (814) 555-0165 Engineering

Maggie Taylor 227 S. Allen Street State College, PA 16803 (814) 555-0771 Marketing

Matt Peterson 212 S. Allen Street State College, PA 16803 (814) 555-1111 Sales
 What is a
Relational Database?
The term relational database comes
from the mathematical definition of a
relation, or set. All objects in a
relation must have the same
properties or characteristics
The point? Tables group similar data
or objects, with use one table per set
of objects