AULIA MAHARANI

30101607619
Hypertention is condition when systolic
pressure more than 140 mmHg and diastolic
pressure more than 90 mmHg in minimal
twice measurement in 5 minutes
 Based on its caused, there are two kinds of
hypertention there are :
Primary Hypertention
Primary hypertention is hypertention that has not
known the cause clearly. Various factor thought to
have contributed to the cause of primary
hypertention such as age, psycological stress, and
heredity. About 90% of hypertention patients are
estimated into this category.
 Secondary Hypertention
Secondary hypertention is hypertention that
has been known its caused which is resulted
by an organ damage. Which include secondary
hypertention such as : cardio hypertention,
hypertention of kidney disease, hypertention
of cardio and kidney disease, hypertention of
diabetes mellitus, and other non-specific
secondary hypertention.
 Headache when awake, sometimes along with
queasy and vomiting, due to intracranial blood
pressure.
Blurred vision due to retinal damage because
of hypertention.
The swing steps are unstable because of
structure damage.
Nocturia due to the increasing of kidneys
blood pressure and glomerular filtration.
 Age
Hypertention closely related to the age, the older
someone is, the higher the risk of getting
hypertention. For people who aged over than 40
years old are having a greater risk of getting it.
Gender
If we take a look at the differences between male
and female, evidently there are numbers which
varies enough. From Sugiris report in Central
Java obtained prevalence 6,0% for male and
11,6% for female.
 Heredity
The track record of relative with hypertention
also hightens the risk of getting hypertention
especially in primary hypertention.
Genetic
The role of genetic factors in hypertention is
proved by the discovering of the fact that
hypertention mostly happened to the
homozygous twins than heterozygous.
a. Anamnesis
The steps in anamnesis are :
The level of hypertention and how long the
patients suffers
The symptoms of the disease related to the
hypertention
Heredity disease track records and
phycosocial factors in family and work
environment
Habitual or activities changes (like smoking)
 Physical examination
It should be done with blood pressure
examination, twice or more with two minutes in
distance, then re-checked it with controlatera
Support Examination
It usually done with urinalysis, full peripheral
blood, chemical blood (ion K, Na, Creatinine,
Fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, HDL
cholesterol). In addition, there could be another
examination like Clearen Creatinin, Urine Protein
24 hours, Uric acid, LDL cholesterol, TSH, and
echocardiography.
a. Non-Farmacologist management
Decreasing risk factors which are causing
aterosklerosis
Physical exercises and sports
Dietary habit changes
-Reducing salt intake
-Low saturated fat diet
-Increasing the consumption of vegetables,
fruits and low fat milk.
Stress relief
B

b. Farmacologist Management
The use of anti-hypertention medicine for most of the
patients is started with low dosage and then increased it
in titration according to the needs and age of the
patients. Optimalize treatment must be effectively done
for 24 hours and more likely in single dose because
obedience is better, cheaper, can control hypertention
constantly and smoothly, and keeping the patients from
the risk of sudden death, heart attack or stroke because
of the sudden increased of blood pressure when waking
up.
 Journal of FACTORS OF GRADE II
HYPERTENSION RISK IN COMMUNITY (Case
Study in Karanganyar District) by Aris
Sugiharto