|


 

   
  

 While there are many different theories of

personality, the first step is to understand exactly
what is meant by the term i


 þ brief definition would be that personality is made

up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors that make a person unique.
 In addition to this, personality arises from within the
individual and remains fairly consistent throughout
life.

R
 
      
j
  ›ersonality concerns the most important, most
noticeable parts of an individual's psychological life.
›ersonality concerns whether a person is happy or
sad, energetic or apathetic, smart or dull.
 "þn individual's pattern of psychological processes
arising from motives, feelings, thoughts, and other
major areas of psychological function. ›ersonality is
expressed through its influences on the body, in
conscious mental life, and through the individual's
social behavior." (Mayer, 2005)
R
 
      
D
 
  
r

  

  
 


   

  

›

  r unconscious motivations

  r specific dimensions of personality

    r inner capacity for growth
    r influence of environment

R
 
      
|   
å

 
 
 

  r people¶s characteristic
behaviors & conscious motives

How do we describe & classify different personalities?

(|
|
 
m
 
 ?)

   |  

 r classify people
based upon responses to 126 questions
R
 
      
  |

ë he Myersr
riggs ype Indicatorw or M
Iw

dates back to the 1920¶s.
ë he Swissrborn psychiatrist, Carl G. Jung,
suggested that human behavior was not random
and that, in fact, it could be both predicted and
grouped together.
ë Jung expressed his belief that humans are born
with a predisposition to certain personality
preferences, just like they are born with a
predisposition to right or left hand.

R
 
      
ë þt the same time, Katherine
riggs, had
developed her own personality classifications.
She was searching for a way to quantify her
theory.
ë Consistency of her theory with Jung's work gave
Katherine, who had no formal training in
psychology, the confidence she needed, and
she became an exhaustive student of Jung¶s
work.

R
 
      
 Katherine¶s daughter, Isabel, joined her as they
researched the differences in people for the next 20
years.
 In 1942, Isabel began to develop a series of
questions to measure personality differences. his
became the Myersr
riggs ype Indicatorw.
 þfter many years validating the instrument, and
testing its validity and reliability, in 1975 that M
Iw
became available to a wider group of professionals.
R
 
      
 he 16 different types are often referred to by an
abbreviation of four letters, the initial letters of each
of their four type preferences (except in the case of
 , which uses N to distinguish it from
Introversion). For instance:
 | r xtraversion, Sensing, hinking, Judging
   r Introversion, iNtuition, Feeling, ›erceiving
 þnd so on for all 16 possible type combinations.

R
 
      
 R
 
      

   |  


#
!"
|

 
 


!"

 !"


$    
  !"

  ! "



  
|  !|"

 !"



  
 !"

R
 
      
| |
m
 
Where We Get Our Energy (Type of Social Interaction)

`





Îow We Take In Information (Preference for

Gathering Data)

Sensing Intuition

R
 
      
| |
m
 
Îow We Make Decisions (Preference for DM)

hinking Feeling

Îow We Like To Live Our Lives (Style of DM)

Judging ›erceiving

R
 
      
 Î
%%  

xtraverts typically will

r Feel comfortable taking a visible role
r ›repared to alter a decision to meet external
demands
r elegate liberally
Introverts typically will
r Feel comfortable working behind the scenes
r
e reluctant to alter a decision to meet external
demands
r R
 
 
elegate sparingly
    


Î
%%   
 


  types will typically

 Focus on attaining tangible goals
 What to have or follow precise instructions
 Feel motivated by connecting current actions to
immediate benefits
   types will typically
 Focus on attaining conceptual goals
 Want to have or follow general guidelines
 Feel motivated by connecting current actions to
future possibilities
R
 
      
Î
%%   
 


›eople differ in how they prefer to obtain and process

information (how we take in information).

SNSING
ë ›aying attention to what you perceive through the five
senses: seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting

IN I ION
ë ›aying attention to what might be described as the sixth
sense²the unseen world of meanings, inferences,
hunches, insights, and connections

R
 
      
 | %


Sensing: |     

Intuition: |    

R
 
      

Î
%% 


|   types typically will:

 See efficiency first
 Support the decision maker by supporting the decision making
process

e tough when necessary to keep things on track
   types typically will
 Seek cooperation first
 Support the decision making process by supporting the
decision maker

e encouraging when necessary to keep things on track

R
 
      
Î
%% 


Our personality preferences influence how we reach

conclusions (how we decide).

HINKING
Making decisions based on impartial criteria²causereffect
reasoning, constant principles or truths, and logic.

FING
ë Making decisions based on values, personr centered
criteria; seeking harmony .

R
 
      
| %


|  
 

  
 

R
 
      

 

 types will typically

 stablish time frames and identify milestones
 xpect to follow through and stick to the plan
 Minimi[e the interruptions and diversions in the interest of
achieving the outcome
   types will typically
 Introduce broad parameters and suggest optimal outcomes
 xpect to adapt and make adjustments to the plan
 Respond to interruptions and diversions in the interest of
enriching the outcome

R
 
      
Ä%


Ú  




  
  


R
 
      
      

þre you rational or intuitive decision maker?

Write Yes or No for each of the following

statements

›lease do this on your own.

R
 
      
 ecision Making Style Inventory
1. I make decisions more on facts than on my gut instincts.
2. I feel more comfortable making decisions in a logical and
systematic way.
3. When making decisions, I rely on my intuition more than anything
else.
4. When I make a decision, it is more important for me to feel the
decision is right than to have a rational reason for it.
5. I wont make a choice that doesnt feel right, even when the facts
indicate it is the right choice.
6. My decision making tends to involve careful analysis of facts and
weighting of decision criteria.
7. When I make a decision, I trust my inner feelings and reactions.
8. he best decisions I make are based on detailed analysis of factual
information.
Source: McShane, S. ., & VonGlinow, M. þ. (2003). Organi[ational
ehavior. McGraw HillrIrwin.

R
 
      
j

 

 

 Rational: Yes for 1, 2, 6, 8

 Intuitive: Yes for 3, 4, 5, 7

R
 
      
j
 |
 & 


Give examples of the following M
I type

dichotomies:
 How we take in information (sensing vs
intuition)
 How we make decisions (thinking vs feeling)
 Style of desicion making (judging vs
perceiving)

R
 
      
j