Orm EJC CH 14

Creating a Productive
Learning Environment
Chapter Fourteen
Educational Psychology: Developing
Learners
6th edition
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod
A well-managed classroom is one in which
students are consistently engaged in
productive learning.
Effective classrooms are the result of

effective classroom management.
Environments Conducive
to Learning
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Educational Psychology: Developing Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Learners, sixth edition All rights reserved.
Teachers with effective classroom management
skills:
Physically arrange the classroom in a way that
minimizes distractions and facilitates teacher-
student interaction
Create a climate in which students feel they belong
and are intrinsically motivated to learn
Set reasonable limits for behavior
Plan activities that encourage on-task behavior
Continually monitor what students are doing
Modify instructional strategies when necessary
Effective Classroom Management

Minimize distractions
Facilitate teacher-student interaction

Students seated closer to the teacher pay more
attention and are more interactive.
Survey the entire class

Check for signs of boredom, frustration, etc.
Arranging the Classroom

The climate is the overall psychological
atmosphere of the classroom.
Students should feel safe and secure.
Students should believe learning is a high
priority.
Students should be willing to take risks and
make mistakes.
The Classroom Climate

Form and maintain a productive relationship
with every student
Be well prepared for class
Demonstrate that you enjoy teaching
Communicate high but realistic expectations for
student performance
Include students in decision making and in
evaluation of their work
Acknowledge that everyone has an off day
now and then
Strategies for Creating an

Effective Classroom Climate
Establish a businesslike yet nonthreatening
atmosphere
Communicate appropriate messages about

subject matter
Give students a sense of control
Promote a sense of community and belonging
Strategies for Creating an

Effective Classroom Climate
Chaos reigns in classrooms without guidelines for
appropriate behavior.
Setting reasonable limits promotes productive
behavior and contributes to students
socialization.
How can you set useful and reasonable limits?
Establish initial rules and procedures
Present rules and procedures in an informational
rather than controlling manner
Periodically review existing rules and procedures
Acknowledge students feelings about classroom
requirements
Enforce rules consistently and fairly
Setting Limits
Effective teachers keep students on task
by:
Keeping students productively engaged and on
task
Choosing developmentally appropriate tasks
Providing structure and support so students
know exactly what they need to do
Adequately planning for transitions
Keeping Students on Task

Withit teachers know what students are
doing at all times in the classroom.
They regularly scan the classroom for

misbehaviors.
They make regular eye contact with students.
They know when, and often why,

misbehaviors occur.
Withit Teachers
Rather than focusing on what students
are doing wrong, expert teachers:
Modify their instructional strategies so that
students are more productive
Ask, How can I better capture students
interest and excitement? Are my students
bored?
How Expert Teachers

Manage the Classroom
Misbehavior is any action that has the
potential to disrupt students learning and
planned classroom activities.
Teachers should plan ahead, as much as

possible, when considering how to deal
with misbehaviors.
Dealing with Misbehaviors

Ignore the behavior
Cue the student by using a signal that indicates
the desired behavior
Discuss the problem privately with the student
Teach self-regulation strategies
Use behaviorist approaches, such as applying
extinction and/or reinforcing an incompatible
behavior
Use a combination of cognitive and behavioral
techniques
Confer with parents
Helpful Strategies for Dealing

with Misbehavior
Aggression is more likely at school and in
places with minimal supervision than any
other place.
Most aggression at school involves

psychological harm, minor physical injury,
and destruction of property.
Aggression and Violence at School

Lack of perspective-taking
Misinterpretation of social cues
Poor social problem-solving skills
Poor home or neighborhood environment
Belief that aggression is an appropriate
way of resolving conflicts
The Roots of Aggression

and Violence
Social withdrawal Sense of superiority
Excessive feelings of Lengthy grudges
isolation, rejection, or Violent themes in
persecution drawings and written
Rapid decline in work
academic performance Intolerance of
Poor coping skills and differences
lack of anger control History of violence
Inappropriate role Inappropriate access to
models firearms
Excessive alcohol or Threats of violence
drug use
Early Warning Signs of

Violent Behavior
Create a schoolwide environment that
minimizes the potential for aggression and
violence
Intervene early for students at risk
Provide intensive intervention for students
in trouble
Preventing School Violence

Develop, communicate, and enforce clear-cut
policies regarding potential threats to school
safety
Identify the specific nature and scope of gang
activity
Forbid symbols that signify membership in a
particular gang
Actively mediate between-gang and within-gang
disputes
Recommended Strategies to
Combat Gang-Related Hostilities
Some students from lower SES
backgrounds are exposed to violence
almost daily.
Their classroom should feel affectionate, safe,
and orderly.
Remember that some misbehaviors may

be culturally dictated.
Inappropriate behaviors in one culture may be
appropriate in another culture.
Taking Student Diversity

into Account
Working with Other Faculty
Members
Communicate and collaborate regularly

Form common goals regarding students
learning
Establish a shared set of strategies for
encouraging productive student behavior
Commit to promoting equality and
multicultural sensitivity throughout the
school community

Recognize the important role parents play
in students lives
Communicate on a regular basis
Share students progress
Coordinate efforts to increase the likelihood of
success
Avoid blaming parents for students behaviors
or shortcomings
Working with Parents


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Creating a Productive

Effective classrooms are the result of

Effective Classroom Management

Facilitate teacher-student interaction

Survey the entire class

Arranging the Classroom

The Classroom Climate

Strategies for Creating an

Communicate appropriate messages about

Give students a sense of control

Promote a sense of community and belonging

Strategies for Creating an

Keeping Students on Task

They regularly scan the classroom for

They make regular eye contact with students.

They know when, and often why,

How Expert Teachers

Teachers should plan ahead, as much as

Dealing with Misbehaviors

Helpful Strategies for Dealing

Most aggression at school involves

Aggression and Violence at School

The Roots of Aggression

Early Warning Signs of

Preventing School Violence

Remember that some misbehaviors may

Taking Student Diversity

Communicate and collaborate regularly

Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Working with Parents

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