FINITE DIFFERENCE

In numerical analysis, two different approaches are commonly

used: The finite difference and the finite element methods. In
heat transfer problems, the finite difference method is used m
ore often and will be discussed here. The finite difference met
hod involves:

Establish nodal networks

Derive finite difference approximations for the governin
g equation at both interior and exterior nodal points
Develop a system of simultaneous algebraic nodal equati
ons
Solve the system of equations using numerical schemes
The Nodal Networks
 Finite Difference Approximation

Forward Different

Backward Different

T T T T
m1
,
n m
1,
n
Central Different

xmn
, xm
,
n 2
.x
Finite Difference Approximation cont.
Finite Difference Approximation cont.
A System of Algebraic Equations
Matrix Form
Numerical Solutions
Iteration
Example
Example (cont.)
Example (cont.)
 Summary of nodal finite-difference rel
ations for various configurations:
Case 1 Interior Node

T
T
m,
n
1

m,
n
1T
m
T
1,
nm
4T
1,
n
0
m,
n
 Case 2
Node at an internal corner with convection

h
x hx
2
(
T

m1
,
nT

m
,
n)
1
(
T
m
1
,
nT

m
,
n)
1
22
T

(
3)0
T
m,
n
k k
 Case 3
Node at a plane surface with convection

h
xhx
(
2
T
m
1
,
nT
m
,
n1
T
m
,
n1
)2T
2
(2
)
T
m,
n0
k k
 Case 4
Node at an external corner with convection

h
x h
x
(
T
m,
n
1
T
m
1
,
n)2T
(
2 1
)
Tm
,
n0
k k
 Case 5
Node at a plane surface with uniform heat flux

2
q'
'x
(
2
T
m1
,
nT
m
,
n
1
Tm
,
n
1
) 4
T
m,
n0
k
Tugas Finite Different
Selesaikan Persamaan-persamaan Differensial berikut dengan menggunak
an Finite Different :

1. Diketahui persamaan differensial Ordiner berikut :

2
dy 2dy
2
2yx
dxx dx
dimana, diketahui : X0 =1 ; Y0=0,4
XN=2 ; YN=0,8
N = 10 ( assumsi)

2. Diketahui persamaan differensial Parsial berikut :

d2 y dy
2

dx dt
dimana, diketahui : Y(x,0) = Yin = 0,5
Y(0,t) = Ya = 1
Y(L,t) = Yb = 0,2
L=1