THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative
I had finished my work.
You had studied hard.
He/She/It had eaten lunch.
We had seen the film.
You had helped her.
They had heard the news.
 Negative
I had net finished my work.
You had not studied hard.
He/She/It had not eaten lunch.
We had not seen the film.
You had not helped her.
They had not heard the news.
Interrogative
Had I finished my work?
Had you studied hard?
Had he/she/it eaten lunch?
Had we seen the film?
Had you helped her?
Had they heard the news?
 USE OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
a) Past Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Tense'in
past biimidir.
Present : I am not hungry. I have just
eaten.
Past : When I went home, I wasn't
hungry, because I had just
eaten.
 Present : I have never seen a kangaroo before.
Past : When I went to Australia last year, I
saw a kangaroo
there. I had never seen a kangaroo before.
Present : I don't want to see that film. I've
already seen it.
Past : I didn't want to go to the cinema
with my friends. I had
already seen the film
 b) Since, for, always, etc. gibi zarflarla
kullanm:
Since, for, always gibi zarflarn, Present Perfect
Tense (I have done) ile kullanldn ve gemite
balayp iinde bulunduumuz ana kadar
devam eden ya da iinde bulunduumuz
anda da devam etmekle olan eylemleri ifade
ettiini grmtk. Since, for, always gibi zarflar,
Past Perfect Tense (I had done ) ile de kullanlr.
Ancak bu kez, gemite balayp yine gemite bir
noktaya kadar devam etmi olan eylemleri anlatr.
 He has been our assistant manager for three
years. Before that, he had worked for us as a
clerk for two years.
We were going to meet, in front of the cinema
at 2p.m. yesterday. I arrived there at 2p.m.
sharp, but she hadn't come yet. When it was
2.30 and she still hadn't come, I gave up
waiting and went into the cinema
 Yesterday, the traffic was heavy, and it took
me a long time to get home. When I arrived
home, my parents had already eaten their
dinner.
Last year, he made a very bad mistake at work,
but his boss couldn't dismiss him just for that.
He had worked for them for ten years and
hadn't done anything wrong before.
c) Past Perfect Tense, gemite belli bir noktada olmu
olaylardan sz ederken, daha gemite olmu olaylar
vurgulamak iin de kullanlr.
When I saw her again ten years later, I found her greatly
changed, both physically and mentally. She had dyed her
hair blond and had got thinner. She had left her parents
and had started to earn her own living.
When her marriage was breaking up, she remembered her
father's words. He had warned her against the difficulties
of taking on the responsibility of marriage, and he had told
her that she was too young to lace them. She hadn't
listened to him then and had got married. She now realized
how right he had been.
****Baz durumlarda ise Simple Past yada Past Perfect
kullanlmas anlam deiikliine yol aar.
1) When we arrived at the farm house, I warned her
to beware of the dog. (iftlik evine varnca, kpee
dikkat etmesi iin onu uyardm.)
2) When we arrived at the farm house, she was
cautious. I had warned her to beware of the dog. (
iftlik evine vardmzda, tedbirliydi. Kpee dikkat
etmesi iin onu uyarmtm.)
***Yukardaki cmlelerden birincisinde "uyarma"
eylemi iftlik evine gelince, ikincisinde ise gelmeden
nce yaplmtr.
 When I arrived at the party, Chris left.
( First, I arrived. Then Chris left, so I saw him. )
When I arrived at the party, Chris had left.
( First, he left. Then I arrived, so I didn't see him.)
While I was coming here, I saw an accident. A car
had run into a cyclist.
(I didn't see the accident happen. )
While I was coming here, I saw an accident. A car
ran into a cyclist.
(I saw the accident happen. )
 SIMPLE PAST and PAST PERFECT
TENSES in TIME CLAUSES
Bu tense'leri zaman balalaryla kullanrken,
eylemlerin gemiteki olu sralarn dikkate
almamz gerekir. ki eylemden daha nce
olann Past Perfect ile daha sonra olann ise
Simple Past ile ifade edebiliriz.
 First: She cleaned the house.
Second: The guests arrived.
After she had cleaned the house, the guests
arrived.
Before the guests arrived, she had cleaned
the house.
She had cleaned the house when the guests
arrived.
 a) With after:
After +Past Perfect, Simple Past
Simple Past
After she had graduated from university, she
went to England.
After we had travelled on a coach ten straight
hours, we continued our journey by horse to
get to the mountain village
**** "After", gemiteki iki eylemden daha nce
olann ifade ettii iin, bal bulunduu cmlede
normalde Past Perfect kullanlr. Ancak "after",
eylemlerin srasn zaten belirttii iin , Past
Perfect yerine Simple Past da kullanabiliriz. Bu
durumda anlam deimez.
After she graduated from university, she went to
England.
After we travelled on a coach for ten straight
hours, we continued our journey by horse to get
to the mountain village.
b) With before:
Before + Simple Past, Past Perfect
Simple Past
"Before" un bal olduu cmle, gemite yaplan
iki eylemden, daha sonra yaplan ifade ettii iin,
"before"lu cmlede Simple Past, temel cmlede
ise Past Perfect kullanlr. Ancak "before" da
"after" gibi eylemlerin srasn belirttii iin, temel
cmlede Past Perfect yerine Simple Past da
kulanlr.
 Before she came to live in this city, she had
lived in zmir. Before she came to live in this
city, she lived in zmir.
I had finished my exam paper before the bell
rang. I finished my exam paper
before the bell rang.
c) With till / until:
Till/until + Simple Past, Simple Past
Past Perfect
I didn't interrupt him until/till he finished his
speech.
had finished
I didn't speak to him until/till he spoke to me.
had spoken
****"Until/till" ile Past Perfect kullanm ok yaygn
deildir. Ancak, yan cmlecikteki eylemin temel
cmledeki eylemden nce tamamlanm
olduunu vurgulamak islersek, Past Perfect
kullanabiliriz. Aksi takdirde, Simple Past
kullanmamz yeterlidir.
They didn't leave the office until I had completed
my report.
( They left after I had completed my report.)
She didn't give up studying prepositions until she
had learnt them by heart.
d) With as soon as:
As soon as + Past Perfect, Simple Past
Simple Past
"As soon as ", temel cmleyle yan cmleciin
eylemleri arasnda gecen zamann ok ksa
olduunu vurgular. Eylemleri olu srasna gre
dizdii iin, Past Perfect kullanmak zorunlu
deildir. Ancak birinci eylemin tamamlandn
vurgulamak amacyla, Simple Past yerine Past
Perfect kullanabiliriz.
 e) With when:
"When", kullanrken dikkat edilmesi gereken
balalardan biridir. nk, kullandmz
tense' e gre, eylemlerin birbirleriyle olan
ilikisi farkllk gsterir, anlam deiir.
 When he left home, I was washing the dishes.
( O evden ktnda ben bulak ykyordum.)
( I started to wash the dishes before he left, and hadn't yet
finished when he was leaving.)
When he left home, I washed the dishes.
( O evden knca, bulaklar ykadm.)
( I waited for him to leave home and then I started to wash
the dishes.)
When he left home, I had washed the dishes.
( O evden ktnda, ben bulaklar ykamtm. )
( I started to wash the dishes and finished them before he
left home.)
*****"Already, just, yet, hardly/scarcely" gibi
zarflar "when" li bir cmlede kullandmzda,
temel cmle Past Perfect Tense gerektirir.
I hadn't yet replied to their letter when they
came to visit me.
She had hardly entered the classroom when the
exam started.
(Snav baladnda, o snfa henz/yenice
girmiti.)
When we arrived there, the film had already
started.
 Eer "when" in bal bulunduu cmledeki
eylem, temel cmledeki eylemden daha nce
olmusa, "when" li cmlede de Past Perfect
kullanabiliriz.
When I had explained the subject to the class. I
gave them a quiz.
( First, I explained the subject. Then I gave them a
quiz.)
When the workers had finished some part of
their work, they sat down eat lunch.
 f) With by the time:
By the time + Simple Past , Past
Perfect
By the time she came back. I had finished my
work.
The film had already begun by the time we
got to the cinema.
We had already started to discuss the case by
the time the manager came.
*****"By the time" n Trke'ye evirisine
dikkat ediniz. Yukardaki rnei "............
gelinceye kadar" ya da ".............. geldiinde"
biiminde evirdik. Bu nedenle "by the time",
"when" ile yakn bir anlama sahiptir.
"Gemite bir eylem olduunda/oluncaya
kadar, dier bir eylem olmutu.' anlamn
verir.
 By the time they came, I had finished
cleaning.
By the time I arrived at the station, the train
had left.
By the time scientists found a cure for
tuberculosis, many people had died of it.