Urea Snythesis

INTRODUCTION

FERTILIZER

Material put into the soil to provide elements of compounds essential to plant
life, these elements are called nutrients.

TYPES OF NUTRIENTS

Primary nutrients
Secondary nutrients
Micro nutrients
 FERTILIZER

PRIMARY FERTILIZER PRODUCTS

NUTRIENTS
A . NITROGEN % AMM UREA AMM SULPH AMM NITR. CAN

(N) 82 46 21 33 27

B. PHOSPHORIC SSP TSP MAP DAP NP

(P2O5) 16 46 53 46 15~25
(N) 0 0 11 18 15

C. POTASSIUM POT. CHLORIDE POT. SULPHATES

(K2O) 60 50
(S) 0 18
 FERTILIZER

SECONDARY FERTILIZER PRODUCTS

NUTRIENTS AMM POT. MAGNESUM
% SULPHATES SULPHATES SULPHATES

D. SULFUR
(S) 23 18 20

(N) 21 0

MgO 25

CACO3 20-30 %
E. CALCIUM
NH4NO3 70-80%

F. MICRO IRON, MANGANESE, ZINC, COPPER; ETC.

NEUTRIENT
 UREA

NH2 CO NH2

Urea or carbamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2CO.

The molecule has two amine (-NH2) residues joined by a carbonyl (-CO-) functional
group.
 OTHER NAMES

Carbamide, carbonyl diamide, carbonyldiamine,

diaminomethanal, diaminomethanone
 PROPERTIES
Molecular formula (NH2) 2CO

Molar mass 60.06 g mol1

Appearance White solid

Melting point 133135 C

Density 1.32 g/cm3

Physical appearance Solid.

Color Colorless.

pH neither acidic nor alkaline.

Solubility highly soluble in water.

Toxicity relatively non-toxic.

 DISCOVERY

In 1828, the German chemist Friedrich Whler obtained urea

by treating silver isocyanate with ammonium chloride.

AgNCO + NH4Cl (NH2)2CO + AgCl

 USAGE

Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a convenient source of

nitrogen.
More than 90% of world production of urea is destined for use
as a nitrogen-release fertilizer.
Plastics, animal feed, glues, toilet bowl cleaners, dish washing
machine detergents, hair coloring products, pesticides, and
fungicides.
Medicinally, it is used in barbiturates, dermatological products
that re-hydrate the skin, and diuretics
 ADVATAVGES

Non-toxic.
Nonflammable.
Highly soluble.
Neither alkaline nor acidic when suspended in water.
pH balanced (when dissolved in water).
 REACTIONS

2NH3 + CO2 <==> NH2 COO NH4 - 119 kJ / mol

(Liquid) (Gaseous) (Carbamate)

NH2 COO NH4 <==> NH2 CO NH2 + H 2O +25 kJ / mol

(Carbamate) (Urea)
 PRODUCT QUALITY

nitrogen 46.00 %
biuret < 1.00 %
water < 0.5 %
 TECHNOLOGIES

Stamicarbon (Netherland) 240 plants

Snamprogetti(Italy) 90 plants
Toyo Engg corporation (Japan) 200 plants