The Plant Kingdom

(Plantae)
How to Classify the Plant
Kingdom
 Vascular Plants
Largest group in the Plant Kingdom

Well developed systems for transporting water and food

Roots, stems, and leaves

Tube like structures that help circulate water and food

Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to
the rest of the plant.
Phloem: Transports food from leaves to the rest of
the plant.
 Vascular Plants
1. Xylem What does xylem transport?

2. Phloem What does phloem transport?

3. How are vascular plants able to grow so big?

 Nonvascular Plants
DO NOT have a well-developed system for transporting water and food
NO true roots, stems, or leaves

Low growing, close to the ground

Reach maturity quickly

Produce food in every cell

Must obtain nutrients directly from the environment and distribute it from
cell to cell
Very small in size

Examples:
 How do Liverwort, mosses, and Hornwort
differ in appearance?

Liverworts develop umbrella-like structures that produce

eggs and sperm.

Mosses have capsules which you can see at the tip of its stalks.
Capsules contain the spores.

Hornworts are thin thorn-like structures.

 Spore-Producing (Seedless) Plants
Produce spores instead of seeds for reproduction.
Spores are much smaller than seeds.
Almost all flowerless plants produce spores.

Fern Various Plants

 Seed-Producing Plants
Plants that reproduce through seeds.

Seed plants make their own seeds.

Seeds contain the plant embryo and cotyledons.

Both are surrounded by a seed coat.
Embryo: The beginnings of roots, stems, and leaves.
Cotyledons: Stored food.

2 major types- Cone-bearing and flowering

 Cone-Bearing Plants (Gymnosperm)
Conifers: Cone-bearing seed plants with vascular
tissue.

Most are evergreen with

needle-like leaves.

Conifers never have flowers.

Conifers produce seeds in cones.

Example: Pine, spruce, juniper

 Flowering Plants (Angiosperm)
Seeds grow inside an ovary, which is
embedded in a flower.

The flower becomes a fruit containing seeds.

Examples: Most trees, vines, flowers, fruits,

vegetables, and legumes.
Examples of Flowering Plants
 Monocot
Monocot: A seed with one food storage area.

Flowers of monocots have either 3 petals or multiples of 3.

Leaves of monocots are long and slender with veins that

are parallel to each other.

Vascular tube structures are usually scattered randomly in

the stem

Fibrous root system

Examples: Grass, corn, rice, and tulips

 Dicot
Dicot: A seed with two food storage areas.

Flowers of dicots have either 4 or 5 petals or multiples of 4

or 5.

Leaves are usually wide with branching veins.

Vascular tube structures are arranged in circular bundles.

Tap root system.

Examples: Roses, dandelions, maple, and oak trees.

Monocot Vs. Dicot