OUR AMERICAN HERITAGE

(1898-1946)
What is the Americas Greatest Legacy?

ANSWER: DEMOCRACY

Lorenzana, L. (2015) Important facts on the present state of Philippine

democracy. What can be concluded?. Retrieved from
http://www.cdpi.asia/cdpi/blogs.php?id=59&t=IMPORTANT%20FACTS%20ON%20THE%20PRESEN
T%20STATE%20OF%20PHILIPPINE%20DEMOCRACY.%20WHAT%20CAN%20BE%20CONCLUD
ED?
DEMOCRACY: AMERICAS LEGACY
CHRISTIANITY: SPAINS GREATEST LEGACY

Worldview. (n.d). Retrieved from

https://answersingenesis.org/christianity/

AMERICA = 5 decades
SPAIN = 3 centuries
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
(1899-1901)

Officially established on January 23,

1899 in Malolos, Bulacan.
Popular, representative, alternative and
responsible as based on the separation
of powers; executive, legislative and
judicial
Dissolved when President Emilio
Aguinaldo was captured by the American
forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan,
Isabela.

* Prior to the coming of Americans, the Filipino had some

idea of democratic political government.
DEMOCRACTIC WAYS & INSTITUTION

America as Trainer and Filipinos

as Avid Learner
More human rights & Greater
participation in government
affairs.
The bad friars under the union of
church during Spanish era were
gone.
DEMOCRACTIC WAYS &
INSTITUTION

After 1907, no Filipino was ever jailed

or exiled for criticizing the American
authorities or advocating Philippine
Independence.
All government officials from local to
national level were elected by the
people in free and open elections.
Multiple parties were allowed to
campaign for their candidates.
Diet & Dress

The Filipino diet was enriched by delicacies

such as ham and eggs, oatmeal, sandwiches,
hamburger, beefsteak, Vienna sausage,
hotdogs, pan americano, tomato catsups,
spare ribs, and etc.
It became fashionable to drink whisky, bourbon
or other intoxicating spirits and to smoke
American-brand cigarettes.
Diet & Dress

Filipino adopted the American Style

of dressing.
Men wear their pants with suspender
or belts, coat-and-tie, polo shirts for
casual wear, straw or felt hats and
leather or tennis shoes.
Women wear fanciful hats, long and
short skirts, high-heeled shoes, nylon
stockings, perfumes and lotions,
artificial eyelashes and cosmetics.
MANNERS

Men and women learned to address each other

as Mr. and Miss.
They no longer kissed the hand of a priest or
slouched when addressing a white man.
The younger generation lost polite speech and
courteous behavior.
They acquired notably frankness,
broadmindedness, sparkling humor and
sportsmanship.
Family Life

Praying together every night

gradually disappeared.
Kissing the hand of parents and
elders by the children as an
expression of filial piety vanished.
The younger brother regarded
himself as the equal of his elder
brother. (Same with younger sister
and older sister.)
Results to family troubles, broken
homes, and juvenile delinquency.
Emancipation of Women

To go out alone and associate with men without any

chaperon.
They were allowed to work in factories and offices.
Attend political rallies and meetings.
Participate in active sports.
They were free to acquire higher education, to study
in universities which were formerly closed to them
and choose and practiced only profession that had
been reserved only for men (medicine, liberal arts,
law, engineering, etc.) during Spanish period.
Began to participate in politics and were given the
right to vote in elections and to be voted to public
office.
Popular Education

The Popular education began few

days after Deweys naval victory in
Manila Bay when the first school was
opened by the Americans in
Corregidor Island.
Right of all people, rich and poor to
be educated. Many poor children
were able to become physicians,
lawyers, engineers, etc.
Co-education was allowed where
boys and girls studied together in the
same schools.
Popular Education

On August 23, 1901, the U.S. Army transport

Thomas arrived in Manila, bringing 600
American teachers from the United States.
Thomasites, as they were famously known,
were the vanguard of American culture and
democracy in the Philippines.
To them, the Filipino nation owes a lasting debt
of gratitude.
Popular Education

On August 23, 1901, the U.S. Army transport

Thomas arrived in Manila, bringing 600
American teachers from the United States.
Thomasites, as they were famously known,
were the vanguard of American culture and
democracy in the Philippines.
To them, the Filipino nation owes a lasting debt
of gratitude.
Illiteracy rate dropped from 55.8 % in 1903 to 52% in
1935.
Filipino Pensionados to America

In 1903 the first group of 104 bright

young Filipinos was sent to the U.S as
government pensionados to study in
American colleges and universities.
In subsequent years, more
pensionados were sent.
From 1903 to 1908, approximately
200 pensionados had studied in the
U.S.
Pensionados returned home

They contributed to the economic, social and

cultural development of the Philippines.
Justice Jose Abad Santos, eminent jurist and
hero of World Ward II;
Dr. Francisco Benitez, distinguished educator;
Dr. Honoria Acosta Sison, 1st president of U.P.
and
Dr. Francisco A. Delgado, senator and
ambassador.
Spread of the English Language

English as a medium of instruction in

all Philippine schools and universities,
official language of the government,
business and social circles and
virtually common language of the
masses.
Young Generations

Americanized Spanish-given namesThey

came to adopt American names, such as Joe,
Bobby, Tony, Bill, Tom, Tommie, Mary, Nancy,
Margie, Rosie and Lily.
They used English not only in school work but
also in their daily conversation, in writing love
letters to the girls they loved and expressing
themselves in prose and poetry.
Americanized Generation

Ignoring Spanish language and

neglecting their native vernacular,
became proficient in English and eclipsed
Southeast Asian nations in producing
Asian literature in English.
English-speaking tourists from all parts
of the world had no difficulty in
communicating with the people and in
visiting the towns and cities.
Many streets, plazas, hotels, hospitals,
moviehouses, banks, restaurants, stores,
commercial firms, bridges, schools, and
colleges and even geographical places
were named in English.
Top 3 English-speaking Nation in the world

Philippines as 3rd
Great Britain as 2nd
United States as 1st
Filipino Literature in English

A new type of literature basically

Filipino in material and sentiments
but expressed in the English
language, blossomed in the
Philippines.
The new generation of English-
speaking writers portrayed in English
the glories of their land, the thoughts
and feelings of their race, and the
problems of the times.
 Who wrote the first Filipino novel in
English?

Zoilo M. Galang, A child of Sorrow published in

1921.
The story was set one summer when Lucio
Soliman decided to accompany his friend
Camillo in the beautiful town of Merry Town,
Camillo's hometown. Lucio was a very poetic
man who'd prefer sitting all day just to read.
But because his friend was to eager to show
his friend reality, he insisted that Lucio must
take a vacation in their town.
Barachina, T. 2015. Literary Criticisms. Retrieved
from http://thessalythea.blogspot.com/2015/07/a-
child-of-sorrow-biographical-analysis.html
 A Child of Sorrow

Their she met a young, innocent,

and delicate maiden that made
Lucio's heart beat by the name of
Rosa Garcia. He felt in love with
her. And as Lucio describe the love
he felt towards this girl, he said it will
make Apollo's lyre play. He was
madly in love. Rosa felt the same
towards Lucio.
 A Child of Sorrow

Until the end of summer vacation drew near and they knew they
have to be temporarily apart. Lucio has to pursue his dreams, he
studied. Known for his intelligence, he became a popular person.
He became very busy, but still he misses the company of his
dearest loved. He became sorrowful. Not until Rosa wrote a letter
to make him bliss. Then he regained his strength. They have not
forgotten the love that empowers both of them. Until a celebration
in merry Town paved way for the lovers to reunite. Lucio was
invited to speak in the public. But the Governor ( Rosa's Father)
was not please and her has this ill feeling towards Lucio. He
instantly asked Oscar ( His most trusted man and Rosa's persistent
suitor) who is the man speaking. When he found out that it was her
child's fiancee, he was not happy.
 A Child of Sorrow

Days, week, and months had passed they were

surprise of the news that Rosa will be married
not to his fiancee, but to Oscar. But because
Lucio was to obedient to his parent, he
permitted Rosa to marry Oscar which made
both of them sorrowful .It was hard for him
though. But he just wanted Rosa to follow her
mother. Though Rosa does not want to
marry Oscar, she was forced to because he
was raped. For the sake of her "
delicadesa" she was betrothed to Oscar.
Later had passed Lucio's father died,
and after several weeks his love, Rosa died.
This made Lucio felt a lot more of sorrow.
 BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL
ANALYSIS

The setting, the scenarios, and the traditions in the novel were much alike in the early
1920's. Back then, the way how people live is being conveyed through the portrayal of the
traits of people. Like for example before, there is a long process of courting, they don't
just easily give there answer. They tests their suitors if they are really serious about them.
It can also be seen in the stories that politicians, especially rich people use
their prowess in order to gain whatever they wanted. They will do whatever it takes just
to acquire what they needed , even though acquiring it through the means of force and
harassment. Manipulating people through their power is showed in the novel. Which is
very evident until now.
Touch of Spanish culture is also shown in the novel. Wherein their traits, even
the way they dress is being employed. Allusion even are present in the story.
Names to ponder

Fernando Maramag was the 1st Filipino

poet in English to attract attention.
Clemencia Joven was the 1st Filipino
Woman who wrote short story in
English.
Carlos P. Romulo was the 1st Filipino
to win distinction in English journalism.
Later Romulo became brigadier general
in the USAFFE (United States Armed
Force in the Far East), resident
commissioner and ambassador to
Washington, president of the U.P., and
Minister of Foreign Affairs. He won the
Pulitzer Prize for international reporting
in 1942.
 Names to ponder

Marcelo de Garcia Concepcion was the 1st Filipino poet

to win recognition in the American literary circles.
His first volume of poems, Azucena, was published in 1925
by G.P. Putnams Sons.
In 1932 Edward O Brien, a well-known American
anthologist, listed Jose Garcia Villa, also a poet, among
the half-dozen short story writers in America.
American-educated writers who achieved distinction
in various branches of Filipino literature in English.

Jose M. Hernandez in the drama;

Trinidad Tarrosa, Francisco G.
Tonogbanua, and C.V. Pedroche in
poetry;
Paz Latorena, Al Efren Litiatco,
and Bienvenido Santos in the short
story;
Francisco Icasiano, Federico
Mangahas, and Maximo Ramos in
the essay and
Juan C. Laya and N.V.M Gonzales
in the novel.
 Vernacular Literature

The folk literature written in the native dialects and

languages persisted during the American regime. Tagalog
poetry flourished, despite the popularization of the English
Language.
The poetic art of Balagtas was carried by Jose Corazon
de Jesus (Batute), Florentino Collantes, Cirio
Panganiban, and other tagalog poets.
On April 6, 1924, the first balagtasan (Tagalog poetic joust)
was held in Manila.
Vernacular Literature

The term was derived from Balagtas,

the Prince of Tagalog Poets.
Among the Ilokanos the poetical joust is
called bukanegan, after Bukaneg, the
Father of Iloco Literature;
Among the Pampangos it is known as
crisotan, after Crisostomo Soto, the
Father of Pampango Literature.
Famously known by the pen name
Crissot. His dramatic masterpiece,
Alang Diyos (No God), is still regarded
as the best zarzuela in the Pampango
language.
In the tagalog drama, Severino Reyes
was pre-eminent. He was called the
Father of Tagalog Drama.
 Vernacular Literature

In the Tagalog novel, the short story, and the essay, the following
were regarded as outstanding: Lope K. Santos, Inigo Ed.
Regalado, Julian C. Balmaceda, and Amado V. Hernandez.
Lope K. Santos died in 1963, wrote the first Tagalog socialist
novel entitled Banaag at Sikat (Rays and Sunshine).
Notable names in Iloco literature were Claro Caluya, the Prince
of Iloco Poets, Mona Crisologo, the greatest Iloco dramatist;
and Leon C. Pichay, the Iloco poet laureate.
Aurelio Tolentino excelled in both Tagalog and Pampango
literature.
Visayan literature

Angel Magahum was considered

the greatest dramatist. He wrote
Benjamin (1907), the first novel in
Hiligaynon.
Flavio Zaragoza, the poet laureate
in Ilongo literature
Magdalena Jalandoni, the first
Visayan woman novelist and also a
great poetess;
Vicente Ranudo, the first great
Cebuano poet and
Sotto brothers (Filemon and
Vicente), noted writer-politicians.
 Theatre

The moro-moro was replaced by the zarzuela.

The early zarzuelas were nationalistic in theme and plot.
Among them were Pag-ibig sa Lupang Tinubuan(Love for
Native Land) by Pascual H. Poblete, Tanikalang Ginto
(Gold Chain) by Juan Abad, Malaya (Free) by Tomas
Remigio, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today
and Tomorrow) by Aurelio Tolentino, and Walang sugat
(No wound) by Severino Reyes.
Poblete and Tolentino were jailed.
Theatre

The Hollywood talkies (Talking

pictures) in 1930 marked the eclipse
of the Filipino Theatre.
 Journalism

Bounding Billow was the first American newspaper to appear

in the Philippines which was published at irregular intervals on
board Deweys flagship Olympia.
Its issue on June 1898 (Vol 1, No.5) was a victory issue
commemorating Deweys victory at Manila Bay.
American Soldier was the first American daily newspaper
published in Manila. The first issue was dated September 10,
1898.
Other papers were the The Manila Daily Bulletin (1900); The
Cablenews (1902); The Philippine Teacher (1904).
Journalism

The Philippine Herald was the first

Filipino weekly in English founded
by Senate President Quezon in
1902.
The Tribune appeared as a sister
publication of the La Vanguardia
(Spanish) and the Taliba (Tagalog).
More English dailies, weeklies, and
monthlies sprang up in subsequent
times.
 Fine arts

Juan F. Nakpil, Andres Luna de San Pedro, Juan M.

Arellano, and Pablo S. Antonio were the prominent
Filipino architects.
Fabian de la Rosa, Fernando Amorsolo, Emilio Alvero,
and Victorio C. Edades were Famous Painters.
Guillermo Tolentino was the famous sculptor of
contemporary times. Bonifacio Monument at Grace Park is
a product of his sculpture genius.
The Bonifacio Monument (Before & After)

(Before) (After)
 Music

Spread of American songs and dances.

Filipino learned to croon popular hit songs from America, to
play American jazz, and to dance the charlestone, boogie
woogie and fox trot.
Science

Introduction of modern science,

training Filipino scientist, scientific
organizations and even sent Filipino
scholars to study modern science.
Dr. Angel S. Arguelles, the first
Filipino director of Bureau of
Science;
Dr. Eliodoro Mercado, noted
leprologist;
Dr. Miguel Canizares, the first
surgeon in the Far East to perform
the Jacobian operation on tubercular
patients;
 Science

Dr. Joaquin Marano, an eminent botanist;

Dr. Pedro Lantin an authority on typhoid fever;
Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing, a distinguished orchidist;
Dr. Leopoldo B. Uichangco, a learned entomologist
Protestant Christianity

Salvation by faith in Jesus Christ

and about the Bible as the Word of
God.

Note: Filipinos became free to choose

there own religion. -started the great
religious revival in the country
 Enrichment of Recreational Life

Indoor Games: Boxing, Bowling, Billiards, Ping-pong,

Poker, Black Jack & other card games.
PANCHO VILLA was the 1st Filipino to win the Flyweight
boxing championship in the world.
1908-Manila carnival became the a national event.S
Outdoor Sports: Baseball, Softball, Calisthenics, Football
& Volleyball.
Physical Education

Became part of the school

curriculum.
Concept of Sportsmanship: It is not
the winning of the game that
matters, but how the players play it
 Wise use of Leisure

To discourage young generation from gambling and cockfighting,

more wholesome forms of amusements or recreation were
introduced.
Such as dancing the old folk dances and the modern ballroom
dances;
Holding literary or musical programs in schools;
Listening to band concerts and public meetings;
Seeing movies, carnivals expositions and operas;
Holding civic parades celebrating the anniversaries of Rizal,
Bonifacio and other heroes.
Fiestas & Holidays

Filipinos continued to celebrate their

annual fiestas commemorating the
patron saints of their towns.
Aside from the town fiestas, the
Catholic majority celebrated the
feast days of other saints.
They also continued to celebrate the
Christian holidays, including the
Todos los Santos (November
1st), Christmas (December 16
January 6), and the Semana
Santa (Holy Week).
 America honored Filipino national heroes

They permitted the people to celebrate their anniversaries.

Cry of Balintawak (August 26th)
Bonifacio Day (November 30th)
Rizal day (December 30th)

Note: This could never happened during the Spanish regime.

Better Health

Inculcated and taught more about

health and sanitation including
hygiene.
Government built free Phil. General
hospital in Manila and in other
places in the provinces.
Introduction of flush toilet.
sicknesses wiped out and reduced:
epidemics of cholera small pox
plague tuberculosis malaria typhoid.
 Americas contribution to Filipino
Nationalism

They were eventually permitted to display their own flag,

play nation anthem, celebrate heroes days, and to enjoy
such as freedom of speech, press, religion, societies and
petition.
There were some violent and secret groups , such as the
Sakdalista uprising in 1935, led by Benigno Ramos, and
the Communist party, but overall the Filipinos preferred to
follow the American timetable for independence.