NSN IBS SVU Training V1

IBS Network Planning
SVU Training Session
March 1st, 2012
Presenter Steven Broviak

Steven.Broviak@nsn.com
For internal use

Unique document identifier (ID) / Version number / Life cycle status
1 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

IBS Training: Course Objectives / Agenda
Objectives: Provide participants with an introduction to In building services, NSNs process portfolio,
and a focus on the basic planning techniques and tools used for the E2E solution of an IBS networks.
Agenda:
Part 1: Introduction and IBS Basics (~20 min)
-Why IBS
-Architecture background
-DAS components
Part 2: NSN IBS Processes (~35 min)

-Description of NSNs IBS process solutions
-Initial Design, System Survey, Detailed Design, Optimization, Managed Services, & Consultancy
Short Break: (~10 min)
Part 3: Indoor Design Tools (~30 min)

-Dimensioning Tools
-Benchmarking Tools
-CW Test Tools
-iBwave Design Tool
Part4: Workbench Examples (~15 min)
Q&A (remaining time)

For internal use

Part 1: Introduction and IBS Basics
-Why IBS
-Architecture background
-DAS components
For internal use

3 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011 Dept. / Author / Date

The need for in building solutions...
~80% of mobile traffic occurs inside buildings
70% of packet data use is generated indoors
Smart phones & tablets are producing unprecedented demand for data
Mobile devices are becoming the preferred means of communication
Transitioning from voice data high-speed data
Higher data rates lower coverage probability
Increased demand for available spectrum
Coverage complaints and poor user experience
Multi-operator, technology, and vendor capable.
For internal use


Indoor Overview
DAS or Distributed Antenna System is a Signal Distribution System used to
provide high quality mobile network coverage inside buildings or tunnel systems.
The basic idea of DAS is to split the Tx Power over several antenna elements,
separated in space so as to provide coverage with reduced power and improved
reliability
A DAS can be designed to be multi-network (multi-operator) and multi-

technology capable and can distribute signals from several technologies like
GSM, UMTS, WLAN, CDMA and TETRA.
All IBS systems require an RF Source either through an Antenna / repeater

(bringing in the RF outdoor cellular network) or BTS (where a carrier installed
base transceiver station provides dedicated RF)
For internal use


Sample Venue Types
High Rise Buildings
Interference
Elevators / Handover
High data rate in office space
Future capacity demand
Aesthetics
Airports
Roaming
Large floor areas
Handover w/ low subscriber density
Tunnels
Coverage / low capacity
Low interference
Subscriber speed
Sports Stadium
High peak capacity
For internal use


Indoor Network Architectures
Passive DAS I: General Features
In a passive DAS system, rigid, large-diameter (typically 7/8

inch) coaxial cable is used to distribute RF signals up and down
the vertical riser of a building. Couplers are then used to divert a
fraction of the RF energy along the horizontal floors of the
building via 1/2" coaxial cabling. These systems are called
passive because the DAS uses no electronic components
Simple to design, install can be complicated

Cost effective
Non-active (power source not required)
Multi technologies can be accommodated
Robust and less maintenance
Mainly coaxial feeders and antennas
Power splitters, couplers and other components
High loss (RF power) between BTS and antennas
Imbalance of power between antennas
For internal use


Passive DAS II: Preferred Vendors
As of December 22nd 2011

IBS Passive Product Portfolio Status
Supplier Supplier Market Supplier Status for Global Procurement Component Selection Components
Position IBS Agreement (GPA)
Andrew Tier 1 Preferred Exist Exist + Aligned Antenna, RAA, Cables and Connectors
Kathrein Tier 1 Approved Exist Exist + Aligned Antenna, RAA
Tongyu Tier 2 Preferred Exist Exist + Aligned Antenna, RAA
RFS Tier 1 Approved Exist Exist Cables and Connectors
Leoni Tier 2 Preferred Exist Exist Cables and Connectors
Hansen Tier 2 Approved Exist Exist Feeder Cables Only
Comba Tier 2 To be Decided WIP Filtered WIP Phase 1 List RAA Only
Enabling (23)
Cable Types Preference
Aluminium Cables Preferred
Copper Cables Approved
Recommended to use the existing NSN global portfolio components.

Better pricing, proper technical support, aligned with NSN strategies, GPA protection, quality
assurance, documentation support, etc.
For internal use


Active DAS
Active DAS technology uses an approach that more closely
resembles standard LAN architecture. Active systems distribute
the RF signal using managed hubs, remote access units (RAUs),
and standard building cabling. In many cases, an active system
uses single- or multi-mode fiber running up a building riser to link
a main hub with expansion hubs on various floors
Simple to install, design can be complex

High, uniform RF power (EIRP)
Fiber and LAN cables distribution
Cable runs can extended to more then 20 Km
Multi technologies / operators can be accommodated
System monitoring can be challenging
Solutions can be costly
Requires power for active components
Requires additional maintenance
For internal use


Active DAS II: Preferred Vendors
As of December 22nd 2011
IBS Active Product Portfolio Status
Supplier Supplier Supplier Global Component Selection Negotiations Factory Audit Corrective Action Proof Of COP
Market Status for Procurement Plan
Position IBS Agreement
(GPA)
Andrew Tier 1 Preferred Expanding CS Enabled RU, RU ANE, MU Completed Completed Fully Compliant Not Required
Decoupling
Under Discussion - MU Spares, SW,
SW Maintenance
Local Code Site Specific MU
Modular MU Waiting Details
Powerwave Tier 1 / 2 Approved Expanding WIP RU for CS Coding (14) Completed Completed Accepted Accepted
Comba Tier 2 To be WIP WIP Phase 1 List (24) Updated Completed Timeline Updates On-Going
Preferred Product Traceability
2012-05-18
Back-up measures:
2012-11-20
ADC Tier 1 To be WIP WIP Prism Coding (28 + 7) Completed Completed Accepted On-Going
Approved
For internal use


Hybrid DAS
Hybrid DAS technology provides better overall
performance than pure passive systems, as the
hybrid systems incorporate an optical link for
distributing signals along the vertical risers of a
building. An active remote unit is then used to drive
1/2" coaxial cable along the horizontal floors of the
building
Simple to install
Moderately high RF power (EIRP)
Imbalance of power between antennas
Fiber and coaxial cables distribution
Vertical loss (floor to floor) minimal
Horizontal losses (same floor) can be significant
Multi technologies can be accommodated
Multiple operators can be accommodated
System monitoring can be challenging
Solutions can be costly
Requires power for active components
Requires additional maintenance
Can be difficult to design
For internal use


Pico & Femtocells
Picocells
Base station located inside building
Distribution system required
Used for dedicated capacity
Femtocells
Lower-Access Points
Wireless voice and broadband services
Home & office environments
For internal use


Simplistic Approach to IBS Architectures
IBS with
Passive or Active DAS
IBS using
feederless solution
or hybrid DAS
Outdoor to indoor IBS /

Coverage with Femto
Macro BTS
For internal use


Basic DAS Components
Antennas Omni and directional panel

antennas
Coaxial Antennas -Radiating cables
RF cables feeder cable
Splitters equal division of power
Couplers non-equal division of power
Jumpers interconnection of components
Diplexers / Triplexers combination of
signals in different frequency bands
Attenuators power reduction
Connectors
For internal use


Considerations for selection of components
Based on the opportunitys
Technology Requirements
# of Band
Recommended to use; # of Technology

Preferred Supplier should be used # of Operator
Sharing
Tier 1 Suppliers are the safer because; Band
Product Quality Guarantee Technology
Implementation Know-How Cost
Future Requirements
References
Operators Preference
Widely Accepted by the Customers Price Point
Tier 2 suppliers are given cost benefit Type
But it is important to use them Active
Passive
carefully
Hybrid
With the correct SLA KPI Requirements
Coverage
Capacity
Size / Building Type / Structure
Time
Contract Time Frame
Start Time of the Project
Deadline for Being in Operational
For internal use


DAS Components:
Indoor Antennas - Omni
Typically ceiling mounted

Multi or single band
Low gain, typically 2 dBi
360 degree horizontal beamwidth
Symbol in
system
diagram
For internal use

Andrew is a preferred vendor.

DAS Components:
Indoor Antennas - Directional
Typically wall mounted

Higher gain, typically 7 dBi
Easier to control spillage
Pre-defined beamwidth
Typically 90 degree horizontal
Beamwidth is based on the angle where
the pattern falls below 3 dB from peak
Symbol in
system
diagram
For internal use

Andrew is a preferred vendor.

DAS Components:
Indoor Antennas Coaxial (radiating cable)
2 Types (modified corrugated,

Symbol in
system
slotted)
diagram
Good for interference sensitive
areas (Eg. Hospitals)
Winding tunnels or corridors where
LOS is blocked
Note: similar to a standard coax cable, either a dummy load (resistance) or

antenna should be installed at the end of this type of antenna
For internal use

DAS Components:
Repeaters
Used to overcome the pathloss between macro network and in building
users
Connects to a donor antenna
Downlink signal received by the donor antenna is amplified
increases noise figure of system
Helps to distribute available capacity
Low acquisition and operational costs
Donor cell
Antenna directed
towards donor
cell
Repeater
Coverage
extension
antenna
For internal use


DAS Components:
BTS
Selection of BTS used system, available space, capacity and power
requirements. Selection of site solution is made case by case.
Any NSN BTS can be used to provide a DAS solution

Example: Flexi Multiradio BTS, can provide up to three technologies
For internal use


DAS Components:
Multi-Operator / Multi-System Combiner
Multi System Combiner

900/1800/2100
Multi-Operators-Multi-Technologies
Cost effective
Multi technologies
Building Management preference
Immediate deployment
For internal use


DAS Components:
RF Cables
RF cables , 7/8 (1 1/4, 1 5/8)
7/8 less loss (used to distribute from BTS to
individual floors)
easier installation, reduced cost (used to
distribute across a floor)
Loss dependant upon cable diameter and frequency
band
Example for 7/8 inch cable:
6 dB loss per 100 m @ 2 GHz,
4 dB loss per 100 m @ 900 MHz
Symbol in
system
diagram
For internal use


DAS Components:
Optical Cables
Optical cable type used for the active DAS

system from the Base station to the
repeaters
Minimal loss
Easier to install than coax
Higher cost
Wavelength 131010nm
Attenuation requirement less than
0.4dB/km, max allowed attenuation
Symbol in
<3dB system
diagram
Allowed back reflection < -36dB
For internal use


DAS Components:
Splitters and Couplers
Splitters commonly 2-way, 3-way

and 4-way
Splitter loss greater than the
Symbol in
theoretical figure e.g. 2 way splitter system
loss of 3.25 dB (+connector loss) diagram
Loss appears in uplink and downlink
Couplers 6 dB, 8 dB, 10 dB, 13 dB,

X6
15 dB and 20 dB
6
X X Used to balance power between
Symbol in
system
antenna lines
diagram
Loss appears in uplink and
downlink
For internal use

DAS Components:
Jumpers and Diplexers
Jumpers used for
interconnection of DAS
elements
Typically 0.2 dB of loss
Diplexers and Triplexer are used to

combine/ separate
GSM900/GSM1800 and WCDMA
signals. Typically 0.3 dB of loss
Combiners combine multiple carriers
belonging to the same band. They are
often installed as part of the WBTS
configuration
For internal use

DAS Components:
Attenuators and Connectors
Attenuators
May be inserted in the uplink
and/or downlink
May be used to desensitize the
receiver when MCL is too low
May be used to limit transmit
power
Connectors
Typically 0.25 dB of
loss
Should be tight
fitting
For internal use

Part 2: NSN IBS Processes
-Description of NSNs IBS process solutions:

Initial Design, System Survey, Detailed Design, Optimization,
Managed Services, & Consultancy
For internal use


E2E Network Planning & Optimization Process Overview
Strategy Solution Design Construction Integration Operation
Consultancy Managed Services
Strategic Design Technical Managed Services

Planning Validation Consultancy
Detailed Design Optimization

Detailed
Capacity Radio Parameter Coverage and Tuning and
Network Performance Outdoor Solution
Planning Planning
Design Verification Interworking Acceptance
System Survey
Existing Existing
Detailed Transmitter
System Coverage
Analysis Testing
Survey Verification
(Feasibility) (CW Test)
(Benchmark)
Initial Design
Design Solution Initial
Criteria Definition Network
Definition Design
For internal use


Initial Design:
Design Criteria Definition I
Collect customer requirements to:
Define KPIs (key performance indicators) for solution acceptance
(recommend alternatives), develop link budget
Coverage Expectation: Area for which the in-building should have dominance
System In-building Coverage
GSM 900 RXLEV -75 dBm for 95% areas
GSM 1800 RXLEV -80 dBm for 95% areas
UMTS 2100 CPICH RSCP -85 dBm for 95% areas
CDMA800 RXLEV -75 dBm for 95% areas for MAIL
LTE RSRP -75 dBm for 95% areas
Confidence: Coverage percentile over which minimum signal strength level is

guaranteed(Example below)
Handover: Overlap between cells
Special Cases: Leakage (maximum cell spillage), Isolation (excluded areas)
For internal use


Initial Design:
Design Criteria Definition II: Customer Questionnaire
NSNs Indoor Customer Questionnaire Collects information from the
customer to start a design:
Customer contacts
Basic venue information
Technologies supported
Design goals (defaults provided)
Preferred vendors
Requested services
Collect PDF or Auto-CAD drawings of each floor
Minimum expected coverage level required for each technology.
For internal use


Initial Design:
Design Criteria Definition III: Generate Link Budget
Compute Max Pathloss Generate Link Budget
For small systems calculate link budget for each antenna
For large systems ( > 20 antennas) consider one link budget based on link loss (see
WCDMA example below)
UPLINK DAS DOWNLINK DAS
Service Type Speech Data Data Data Service Type Speech Data Data Data
Uplink bit rate 12,2 64,0 128,0 384,0 Kbps Downlink bit rate 12,2 64 128 384 kbps
Maximum transmit power 21,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 dBm Maximum transmit power 32,2 35,2 38,0 40,0 dBm
Antenna gain 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 dBi Cable Loss 20 20 20 20 dB
Body loss 3,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 dB
Antenna Gain 2 2 2 2 dBi
Transmit EIRP 18,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 dBm
Transmit EIRP 14,2 17,2 20,0 22 dBm
Processing gain 25,0 17,8 14,8 10,0 dB
Processing gain dB
Required Eb/N0 9,0 6,5 6,0 5,5 dB 25,0 17,8 14,8 10,0
Required Eb/N0 9,5 7 6,5 6 dB
Target loading %
70 % 70 % 70 % 70 % Target loading %
Rise over thermal noise 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,2 dB 80 % 80 % 80 % 80 %
Rise over thermal noise 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 dB
Thermal noise density -174,0 -174,0 -174,0 -174,0 dBm/Hz
Thermal noise density -174 -174 -174 -174 dBm/Hz
Receiver noise figure 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 dB Receiver noise figure 8 8 8 8 dB
Interference floor -165,5 -165,5 -165,5 -165,5 dBm/Hz Interference floor -159,0 -159,0 -159,0 -159,0 dBm/Hz
Receiver sensitivity -108,6 -103,9 -101,4 -97,2 dBm
Receiver sensitivity -115,6 -110,9 -108,4 -104,1 dBm
RX antenna gain 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 dBi RX antenna gain 0 0 0 0 dBi
Cable loss 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 dB Body loss 3 0 0 0 dB

Slow fade margin 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 dB Slow fade margin 10 10 10 10 dB
Soft handover gain 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 dB Soft handover gain 0 0 0 0 dB
Isotropic power required -87,6 -82,9 -80,4 -76,1 dBm Isotropic power required -95,6 -93,9 -91,4 -87,2 dBm
Allowed path loss 105,6 103,9 101,4 97,1 dB Allowed propagation loss 109,8 111,2 111,4 109,2 dB
Allowed link loss 125,6 123,9 121,4 117,1 dB Allowed link loss 127,8 129,2 129,4 127,2 dB
For internal use

Initial Design:
Solution Definition
This phase pulls together other customer specific information to help identify
practical considerations that may impact the IBS solution
Real-estate considerations
Regulatory considerations
Potential solution options
Equipment vendor (preferred list)
Customer budgetary
Financial considerations
For internal use


Initial Design:
Initial Network Design I
Taking the customers information
Generate initial IBS network design

Perform initial site visit / walkthrough
Floor plan, Equipment room,
Generate initial system architecture diagram(s)
Generate bill of materials (BOM)
When selecting component parts ensure they include the bands that are
needed in the system.
For internal use


Initial Design:
Initial Network Design II: Initial Site Walk
An initial site walk should be conducted with the design engineer along with
the installation team for a better understanding of cable routes installation
restrictions
It collects more detailed information of the venue
Defining service area exclusion areas
Verification of existing indoor coverage provided by outdoor macro sites
Local contact / access to venue
Equipment room layout / BTS location
Define obstruction Materials
Estimate cable length and route information
See NSNs site walk report for some typical information to collect during the
initial site walk.
For internal use


Initial Design:
Initial Network Design III: Antenna Placement
Directional antennas typically attach to a wall while Omni are installed
directly to the ceiling. But in general either omni or directional antennas
can be used at any location
However selection and placement should help fulfill the indoor planning
requirements
Help control spillage: avoid areas close to windows or where spillage is likely
to occur. (a typical value of < -115 dBm surrounding the building / venue
will prevent outside UE(s) from connecting to the indoor network)
For internal use


Initial Design:
Initial Network Design IV: Power Budget Calculations
Power Budget calculation (PBGT) and system drawings are always done
together. EIRPAnt = -(Length1/2 * Loss1/2) (Length7/8
If a design tool is used these losses will be calculated
* Loss7/8) LossJumper LossCoupler1
automatically
PBGT specifies antenna gains and distribution losses from the WBTS to LossCouplerN + GainAnt + CPICH
each antenna
Result is EIRP for each antenna and system drawing layout.
A-L1-1 A-L1-2 A-L1-3 A-L1-4
Total Cable length 1/2" (m) 12 40 44 42
12m
Total Cable loss 1/2" (dB) 0.116 -1.4 -4.6 -5.1 -4.9
A-L1-1
Total Cable length 7/8" (m) 74 74 74 74
15m Total Cable loss 7/8" (dB) 0.063 -4.7 -4.7 -4.7 -4.7
10m 15m A-L1-2
Total cable loss (dB) -6.1 -9.3 -9.8 -9.5
29m 19m
A-L1-3 Jumper Loss (dB) -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0
C-L1-1
S-L1-3
42m Coupler 8 dB (coupling) 8.35 1.0
S-L1-2 A-L1-4
Coupler 8 dB (thru) 1.2 1.0 1.0
Total Coupler Loss -8.4 -1.2 -1.2 0.0
Splitter 2 way 3.25 1.0 1.0
Splitter 3 way 5.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
S-L1-1 Splitter 4 way 6.25 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total Splitter Loss -11.3 -14.6 -14.6 -11.3
CPICH (dBm) 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0
45m Antenna Gain (dBi) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Power budgets can be calculated for both
Antenna EIRP (dBm) 8.3 8.9 8.5 13.2
Passive DAS (starting at the BTS) and Active
DAS (starting at the remote unit)
WBTSCPICH 33 dBm
For internal use

Initial Design:
Initial Network Design V: Co-Location (Isolation) Requirements
Part 1: Introduction:
The isolation requirement depends upon the transmitter performance of one
system and the receiver performance of the other system
The isolation requirement would be 0 dB if both transmitters and receivers had
perfect filtering
Victim
Receive filter Interfering Out-of-band
for BTS 1 Transmit filter interference
(within BTS for BTS 2
receive band) (within BTS
transmit band)
In-band
interference
Note: the Examples in the next slides are based off LTE
For internal use

Initial Design:
Part 2: Transmit Filtering
LTE
3GPP TS 36.104 specifies requirements in terms of: Requirements are per
transmit antenna so the
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) interference increases by
Operating Band Unwanted Emissions 3 dB for 22 MIMO
Spurious Emissions
UMTS
3GPP TS 25.104 specifies requirements in terms of:
Out-of-Band Emissions
Spurious Emissions Requirements are per RF
carrier so the interference
GSM increases for sites with
3GPP TS 05.05 specifies requirements in terms of: multiple carriers
Output RF Spectrum
Spurious Emissions
The spurious emissions requirement is the most important when the frequency
separation between interfering transmitter and victim receiver is large
In practice systems are likely to perform better than the specifications.
Specifications provide a worst case set of assumptions
For internal use

Initial Design:
Part 3: Spurious Emissions
3GPP TS 36.104 includes
specific requirements for when
LTE BTS are co-located with
other BTS
These requirements are based
upon the assumption of a 30 dB
coupling loss between the LTE
transmitter and other BTS
receiver
Co-location with a GSM BTS
requires that no more than -95
(=-98+10log(200kHz/100kHz))
dBm is radiated within the GSM
receiver bandwidth
Co-location with a UMTS BTS
requires that no more than -80
(=-96+10log(5000kHz/100kHz))
dBm is radiated into the UMTS
receiver bandwidth
For internal use

Initial Design:
Part 4: Receive Filtering
LTE
3GPP TS 36.104 specifies minimum requirements in terms of:
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS)
Receiver Blocking
UMTS
3GPP TS 25.104 specifies the minimum requirements in terms of:
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS)
Receiver Blocking
GSM
3GPP TS 05.05 specifies the minimum requirements in terms of:
Receiver Blocking
The receiver blocking requirement is the most important when the frequency
separation between interfering transmitter and victim receiver is large
In practice systems are likely to perform better than the specifications.
Specifications provide a worst case set of assumptions
For internal use

Initial Design:
Part 5: Receiver Blocking

3GPP TS 36.104 includes
specific requirements for
when LTE BTS are co-located
with other BTS
These requirements are
based upon the assumption
of a 30 dB coupling loss
between the LTE transmitter
and other BTS receiver
Co-location with either GSM
or UMTS BTS requires that
the LTE receiver is able to
cope with 16 dBm of
interfering power (CW type)
For internal use


Initial Design:
Part 6: Isolation from a Multi-Radio Combiner

Applicable when Single Band
systems use same operating band Antenna
shared feeders and antenna are used

For example, LTE & GSM both operating Flexi
within the 900 MHz band MultiRadio
Combiner
Multi-Radio combiner typically provides
more than 50 dB of isolation
NSN RL20 Hardware Capability

Flexi Multi-Radio Combiner 700 MHz
Flexi Multi-Radio Combiner 2100 GSM BTS LTE BTS
For internal use


Initial Design:
Part 7: Isolation from Multi-Band Combiner
Applicable when
systems use different operating bands Multi-Band
Antenna
shared feeders and antenna are used
For example, LTE 2100 MHz & GSM 900 MHz
Multi-Band
Combiner typically provides more than 50 dB
Combiner
of isolation
GSM BTS LTE BTS
Example combiner
For internal use
provides more than
50 dB of isolation
Initial Design:
Part 8: Isolation from Antenna Multi-band
Applicable when Antenna (with
separate feeder
systems use different operating bands connections)
shared antenna is used
For example, LTE 2100 MHz & GSM 900 MHz
Antenna typically provides more than 45 dB
of isolation
Example antenna
provides more than
45 dB of isolation
GSM BTS LTE BTS
For internal use


Initial Design:
Initial Network Design VI: Minimum Coupling Loss
When the UE is close to a BTS antenna (like in indoor systems), at some

point the Eb/No value cannot be decreased and that connection has too
good of quality and can be seen as interfering with other UE(s).
The noise rise caused by minimum UE power depends on minimum link loss
between UE antenna connector and the BTS antenna connector, and can
be calculated by the following formula:
Noise Figure 3.3 DAS
Ptx,min
nr (dB) 10 log 10 1
35
Noise Figure 3.3 DAS
L N 30
Rise in Interference (dB)
25
20
Assuming a passive
15
DAS noise figure of 3.3
dB we would see the 10
following noise rise. 5
(ex. At 50 MCL a rise of 0
6dB interference) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Minimum Coupling Loss (dB)

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
For internal use


System Survey:
Detailed analysis (Feasibility)
Practical implementation to identify issues, constraints or limitations
Gather Updated floor plans & maps

Identify location / layout of intended equipment / storage rooms
Identify restricted or hazardous areas
Allow for system upgrades / expansion
For internal use


System Survey:
Existing System Survey
Collect existing system information.
Identify existing systems

Location of cell sites
Repeaters
Existing In-building systems
If changing technology components may need to be replaced to accommodate
multiple bands
Common pilot cannel plan
For internal use


System Survey:
Existing Coverage Verification (Benchmark)
Collect RF measurements from the existing network (from outdoor or existing DAS)
Baseline initial coverage: Signal strength measurements, Signal quality
measurements
Equipment:
Scanner (measures signal information)
Test Mobiles (should support various frequency bands)
Post processing tool (analyze data)
Additional details regarding Benchmarking is covered in Part 3: indoor design tools
For internal use


System Survey:
Transmitter Testing (CW Test)
CW testing includes setting up a transmitting antenna and performing walk
tests to help tune the propagation model. Antennas are typically placed
at proposed antenna locations
Measure penetration loss
Propagation conditions within venue / tune propagation model
Measure material losses of the physical elements (walls, partitions,
windows)
Additional details regarding CW testing is covered in Part 3: indoor design tools

For internal use

Detailed Design:
Capacity Planning I
Adjust the design considering venue traffic and subscriber use
Number of users
Typical usage pattern
Mix of data / voice
Meet customer traffic requirements
For internal use


Detailed Design:
Capacity Planning II Dimensioning tool
Capacity can be calculated using NSNs dimensioning tool
Capacity module
Link to most current dimensioning tool and guides:

https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Open/318048181
For internal use


Detailed Design:
Detailed Radio Network Design
Updates to the initial design based on any new information.
Details on using an indoor RF design tool will be given in Part 3

For internal use

Detailed Design:
Parameter Planning
Provide a data-fill for setting the system parameters to the customer
Configure system settings
For internal use


Optimization:
Coverage and Performance Verification I
Define a agreed upon walk route(s)
Perform testing to confirm correct implementation
Uses the same test tools as Benchmarking
Verify coverage, interference, handoff success, measure leakage
Provide recommendations for areas not meeting KPIs

Additional antennas, reorientation, adjust power settings
For internal use


Optimization:
Coverage and Performance Verification II: Defining walk routes
Indoor route
Number of floors to be tested should be
defined in the SoW:
Covers key interest areas
Entry and departure areas
Use straight walk paths with turns marked
on floor plan
As a minimum if the building is a multi-story;
measurements should be collected
downstairs, middle, and top of the building.
Spillage test
Walk surrounding the building / venue to
ensure leakage is meeting design goals
Example: Signal from indoor system not
higher than -100dBm >95% at beyond 20m
or more distance
For internal use

Optimization:
Tuning and Outdoor Interworking I: Basic Process Flow
1. Using the collected test
results to determine if
meeting planning criteria
2. Adjust the design to correct
3. Implement changes Verification Adjust
test design
Make changes
(physical /
parameter)
Note: The number of optimization iterations

should be defined in the SoW.
For internal use


Optimization:
Tuning and Outdoor Interworking II: Indoor Optimization
When collected field data shows not meeting planning criteria two common methods
for optimization:
1. Tuning Parameters (HO thresholds, power settings, etc.)
These changes effect the entire system
Typical parameter examples:
Poor Coverage: Tuning Tx power (increase may correct coverage but cause spillage)
Spillage: Tuning Tx power (decrease may correct spillage but effect coverage, HO areas)
Capacity: Adding a second carrier
Handoff area: tuning power / adjust HO thresholds
2. Physical modification (change / add antenna location or type)

Installation changes may disturb building owner / tenants
Typical Physical examples:
Poor Coverage: Splitting sectors (typically decreases DAS loss by 3dB)
Spillage: modify antennas (gain, directional)
Capacity: splitting sectors
For internal use


Optimization:
Solution Acceptance
List Final Close

Exceptions Signoff Project
Indoor acceptance is based on a per building basis
For internal use


Managed Services:
Service to monitor and maintain network performance
For internal use


Consultancy:
In addition provide consulting services:
Strategic Planning
Budgetary considerations and estimates
Help customer define KPIs and design goals
Design Validation
Review of 3rd party designs
Validation testing of pre-deployed systems
Technical Consultancy
Recommend vendors, field teams etc.
For internal use


E2E Network Planning & Optimization Process Overview
Strategy Solution Design Construction Integration Operation
Consultancy Managed Services
Strategic Design Technical Managed Services

Planning Validation Consultancy
Detailed Design Optimization

Detailed
Capacity Radio Parameter Coverage and Tuning and
Network Performance Outdoor Solution
Planning Planning
Design Verification Interworking Acceptance
System Survey
Existing Existing
Detailed Transmitter
System Coverage
Analysis Testing
Survey Verification
(Feasibility) (CW Test)
(Benchmark)
Initial Design
Design Solution Initial
Criteria Definition Network
Definition Design
For internal use


Short Break
For internal use


Part 3: Indoor Design Tools
-Dimensioning Tools
-Benchmarking Tools
-CW Test Tools
-iBwave Design Tool
For internal use


Indoor Measurement and planning tools
The following tool types are needed for an indoor design

Dimensioning tool
Generate linkbudget
Test transmitter and receiver
CW testing
Field measurement and test tools
Benchmarking and verification process
Design planning tool (iBwave)
Post processing tools

Reporting
For internal use


Dimensioning tool:
Generating a Link budget
A link Budget is a sum of all gains and losses
in a system:
Available Power Losses + Gains = Received
Power
Separate link budgets need to be generated for

each technology
Equipment losses vary between antenna
branches so consider the link loss
(calculated in the Power Budget), as a
replacement for path-loss.
For internal use


Benchmarking Tools
Nemo Indoor
WCDMA Nemo indoor can be used during existing coverage verification measurement as well as
within acceptance. It can be also used as receiver during propagation measurement if suitable test
transmitter can be found. Currently Nemo does not have any WCDMA test transmitter.
Nemo Indoor consists of a WCDMA mobile or a scanning receiver with antennas, a TabletPC with the
Windows operating system and the Nemo Indoor measurement software, a connecting cable
between the mobile/scanner and the PC. GPS is no used inside, instead markers are used.
The measurement route will be drawn on a map based on the user-defined markers. Nemo Indoor also
offers parameter-based route colouring. This means that you can observe the values of certain
network parameters from the route colouring on the map. This way it is easy to spot the problem
areas on a map
Note: Actix is another example of a benchmarking tool

For internal use

Dept. / Author / Date
CW Testing Tools I
Indoor propagation measurement will be done to verify our proposed antenna

locations and give us idea from effective cell sizes with certain EIRP power.
These measurement can be done by using portable test transmitter which
simulate indoor antenna and then measuring its coverage area.
Any 3G FMT which is able to record and measure

signal from test transmitter can be used as a receiver
during indoor propagation measurements
When selecting suitable test transmitter should pay
attention that our receiver (Nemo indoor etc.) is capable
of recording test transmitter signal and can log on to it.
Nemo test transmitter for GSM1800. If project does not have any
WCDMA test transmitter, GSM 1800 test transmitter can be used
instead.
For internal use

CW Testing Tools II
Test transmitter measurements are based on a test antenna installed at the
same location as our proposed indoor antenna
External omni or panel antenna can be connected to test transmitter and
transmission power should be set so that it simulate real cases.
The results can then be imported to a design tool to tune the propigation
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Starting a project
Project Open
Load project template file
<iBwave project template for NSN>
Not yet available
Proper NSN information and branding

Standard color palate
Legend settings
Set preferred parts list
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Initial setup
Preferences
Settings templates, text appearance, company information, units
Tools Options
Settings, connector color options, layout pictogram, workspace
Layer info
Select to view / hide specific layers
Can be locked to hold position and prevent unintentional moving of objects
Prediction Panel
Set prediction configuration, view / hide prediction layers
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Component Parts Window
Supplier Name Technology

Andrew Active Passive
Powerwave Active
Comba Telecom Active Passive
ADC Active
Katherin Passive
Tongyu Passive
RFS Passive
Leoni (Iflex) Passive
Hansen Passive
Mobile Access Active&Passive
Axell Wireless Active/Passive
Shyam Telecom Active Passive
Zinwave Active
Note: A preferred parts list is included in the NSN project template for iBwave
For internal use

iBwave Design Tool:
Component Details window
Ensure the correct

bands are
represented for the
desired technologies
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Layout plan (Floor Plan)
Represents scaled image of floor plan in project
Displays systems, components placement, propagation results
Scaled to measure cable length
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool
Pictograms used in Layout Plan
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Design plan (System Architecture)
Displays overall schematic of project
Represented in a trunking diagram
Only one Per project
Provides a global view of entire system
Including components and calculations for all layout plans
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Push & Pull between plans
You can push and pull components between layout
(floor) and design (System architecture) plans
To Push:
Select Design Plan Tab
Select one / multiple components and right click
Assign selected components to desired layout
plan
To Pull
Select Desired layout plan
Right click and select Pull part(s) from design
plan
Select components that need to be on layout
plan
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool: Designing a layout plan
Part 1: Importing Layout plan
Name / Description
Import Floor Plan image
.gif, .png, .tif, .bmp, .pdf, .dwg
AutoCad (turn off layers)
Scale the image
Set by Ruler
Set by .kmz
Duplicate floor plan
Right click Duplicate plan
Set Reference points
Right click Lock reference point
For internal use


Part 2: Scaling I
Plan Properties
Right click Plan properties
Select Config button
Select length of scale
Ruler
Select ruler tool
Draw on known measured area
(eg. Door frame corridor)
Double-click set distance
Can be defined before after importing walls

Once the floor plan is scaled the cable length is
automatically calculated
For internal use

Part 2: Scaling II
Defined by Google Earth
Find building in Google Earth
Add path in Google Earth
Save and import in plan
properties
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool: Designing a Layout Plan
Part 3:Adding a system
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool: Designing a Layout Plan:
Part 4: Making a connection
1. Place cursor on one connector till flashing
2. Drag cable to other connector till flashing
3. Release and shape the cable Output
Input
Connections only made if:
From output signal to input signal
Correct cable type associated with components
A warning message appears when there is a connector / gender mismatch
For internal use


Part 5: Multiple floors
Reference points: Aligns floors
VIA: Set where cables travel through floors
For internal use


Part 6 Legends
Can turn on / off for each layer, shows guides
Calculations Cables
System information Materials
Pictograms Indoor predictions
Outdoor prediction Survey data
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool: Designing a Layout Plan
Alternate viewing of design
3D viewer Building view
Floor plan view
Export to Google earth

Set reference point
Plans Export Buildings
Save as *.kml
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Picture plan
Picture Plans are a

good way to show
installation teams
where exactly the
antenna and cables
should run
For internal use


iBwave Design Tool:
Reporting
iBwave allows for reporting features such as:
System architecture plan
Individual floor plan
Set visual layers (walls, predictions, cables, etc.)
Prediction Plots
Cable paths
Antenna placement
Predictions
Test results
Picture Plan
BOM
For internal use


Part4: Workbench Examples
Example 1: Link Budget - Calculating Power Loss
Example 2: Link Budget - Dominance over a macro cell
Example 3: Co-location - LTE BTS Interfering with UMTS BTS
Example 4: Co-location - UMTS BTS Interfering with LTE BTS
Example 5: Optimization Physical modification to increase in coverage
For internal use


Example 1: Link budget Assumptions:
Calculating Power loss Antenna gain = 2 dBi
2 way splitter loss = 3.5 dB
Coupler through loss = 1.5 dB
Coupler coupling loss = 7.4 dB
Jumper loss = 0.2 dB
1/2 cable loss = 0.15 dB/m
7/8 cable loss = 0.07 dB/m
5m
A-L1-1
20m A-L1-1 A-L1-2 A-L1-3 A-L1-4

6m 13m A-L1-2 Total Cable length 1/2" (m) 0.15 16 40 44 55
19m 17m Total Cable loss 1/2" (dB) -1.7 -4.2 -4.7 -5.8
A-L1-3
C-L1-1
S-L1-3 Total Cable length 7/8" (m) 0.07 60 74 74 74
S-L1-2 Total Cable loss 7/8" (dB) -3.5 -4.3 -4.3 -4.3
A-L1-4
46m Total cable loss (dB) -5.2 -8.5 -9.0 -10.1
Jumper Loss (dB) 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Coupler 8 dB (coupling) 7.4 1.0
S-L1-1 Coupler 8 dB (thru) 1.5 1.0 1.0

Total Coupler Loss -7.4 -1.5 -1.5 0.0
Legend
Splitter 2 way 3.5 1.0 1.0
cable
41m 7/8 cable Splitter 3 way 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Splitter 4 way 6.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total Splitter Loss -11.2 -14.6 -14.6 -11.3
CPICH (dBm) 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Antenna Gain (dBi) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
WBTSCPICH 30 dBm
Antenna EIRP (dBm) 8.0 7.2 6.8 10.4
For internal use

Example 2 - Link Budget
Dominance over a macro cell
The indoor coverage should be sufficiently strong to dominate a surrounding macro
cell
The Baseline test results showed an average macro coverage of -98 dB
Assume the CIPCH power out is 33 dBm
If the maximum allowed link loss based comes to be 127 dB
Then 33 127 = -94 dB
This result is > -98 dB
And so the indoor cell will have dominance over the macro cell
For internal use


Example 3- Co-Location
LTE BTS Interfering with UMTS BTS (I)
Both Systems are FDD and so are protected by the duplex spacing
Example is applicable to UMTS operating within any of its operating bands
Requirement to consider whether or not LTE spurious emissions will be
increased by using 22 MIMO
MS Transmit / BTS Transmit /

BTS Receive MS Receive
UMTS UMTS LTE UMTS UMTS UMTS LTE UMTS
LTE BTS Interfering

with UMTS BTS
For internal use


Example 3 Co-Location
LTE BTS Interfering with UMTS BTS (II)
Step 1 identify transmitter performance Extract from 3GPP TS 36.104
Specifies the LTE BTS Spurious
Emissions
Specified as a maximum allowed
power within a specific bandwidth
UMTS BTS receiver bandwidth is 25

3.84 MHz so emissions of -96 dBm
require increasing by
Increase in Noise Floor (dB)

20 1 Transmit Antenna
10*LOG(3840/100) =16dB -> -80dBm 2 Transmit Antenna
Thermal noise of the UMTS BTS is 15
given by kTB + Noise Figure = -105 10

dBm
If the isolation between the UMTS 5
and LTE BTS is 30 dB then UMTS

noise floor increases by about 1 dB 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
when a single transmit antenna is Isolation between BTS (dB)
used
For internal use

LTE BTS Interfering with UMTS BTS (III)
Step 2 identify receiver performance
Extract from 3GPP TS 25.104
Specifies the UMTS BTS
Receiver Blocking Performance
UMTS BTS must be capable of receiving 16 dBm of interference while

maintaining its quality requirements with a -115 dBm signal
Assuming an LTE BTS transmit power of 46 dBm means that 30 dB of isolation is
required to attenuate the LTE signal to 16 dBm prior to reaching the UMTS BTS
Step 3 identify the largest isolation requirement from Steps 1 & 2

An isolation of 40 dB is sufficient to satisfy the requirements imposed by both the
LTE BTS unwanted emissions performance and the UMTS BTS receiver blocking
performance
For internal use

UMTS BTS Interfering with LTE BTS (I)
Both Systems are FDD and so are protected by the duplex spacing
Example is applicable to UMTS operating within any of its operating bands
Requirement to consider whether or not UMTS spurious emissions will be
increased by multiple carriers
UMTS BTS Interfering

with LTE BTS
UMTS UMTS LTE UMTS UMTS UMTS LTE UMTS
MS Transmit / BTS Transmit /

BTS Receive MS Receive
For internal use


UMTS BTS Interfering with LTE BTS (II)
Step 1 identify transmitter performance
Specifies the UMTS BTS
Spurious Emissions
Specified as a maximum
allowed power within 100 kHz
Assuming an LTE BTS receiver 25

bandwidth of 20 MHz requires that the
interference power of -96 dBm is 20 1 UMTS RF Carrier
Increase in Noise Floor (dB)

increased by 10*LOG(20 000/100) = 2 UMTS RF Carrier
23 dB -> -73dBm 15
LTE BTS thermal noise for a 20 MHz 10

bandwidth is given by kTB + Noise
Figure = -99 dBm 5
If the isolation between the UMTS and

LTE BTS is 40 dB then the impact of 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
the UMTS BTS is relatively small Isolation between BTS (dB)
For internal use


UMTS BTS Interfering with LTE BTS (III)
Step 2 identify receiver performance

Specifies the LTE BTS Receiver
Blocking Performance
LTE BTS must be capable of receiving 16 dBm of interference while maintaining

its quality requirements with a wanted signal which is 6 dB stronger than its
reference sensitivity
Assuming a UMTS BTS transmit power of 46 dBm means that 30 dB of isolation
is required to attenuate the UMTS signal to 16 dBm prior to reaching the LTE
BTS
Step 3 identify the largest isolation requirement from Steps 1 & 2

An isolation of 40 dB is sufficient to satisfy the requirements imposed by both
the UMTS BTS spurious emissions performance and the LTE BTS receiver
blocking performance
For internal use

Exercise 5 Optimization
Physical modification to increase in coverage
Our example floor is covered by two Omni antennas by around 10 dBm EIRP power. 2-way splitter is used to
distribute signal to both antennas. Spillage testing has determined that the amount of spillage is meeting
design goals.
What type of Optimization should be considered for this floor and what can be done to improve coverage:
Physical :If this 2-way splitter is changed to 4-way splitter, it will cause 3 dB extra loss for our system, but we can have
total four antennas with 7 dBm EIRP to cover the floor. (Cable loss is assumed to be approximately same to each
antenna). Then location of those antennas can be selected so that coverage is more evenly distributed around the area.
Benefits:
Only effects the area or floor where additional antennas are installed.
Drawbacks:
Cost of installation work & equipment plus that we need again disturb building owner and people who are working in the building.
Existing antennas New antennas
For internal use

Unique document identifier (ID) / Version number / Life cycle status Areas where coverage need to be improved
Helpful Links
IBS training slides:

IBS repository (Sales materials, Service descriptions, delivery models, etc.):

https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Open/ibs
Latest Dimensioning tool:

Dimensioning Indoor Guidelines

https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Open/D433598233
Global Portfolio:
3G Indoor Planning Guide:

For internal use


Q&A
For internal use


Thank You
For internal use


NSN IBS SVU Training V1

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IBS Network Planning

SVU Training Session

March 1st, 2012

Presenter Steven Broviak

For internal use

1 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

Part 2: NSN IBS Processes (~35 min)

Short Break: (~10 min)

Part 3: Indoor Design Tools (~30 min)

Part4: Workbench Examples (~15 min)

Q&A (remaining time)

2 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

3 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011 Dept. / Author / Date

For internal use

4 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

A DAS can be designed to be multi-network (multi-operator) and multi-

All IBS systems require an RF Source either through an Antenna / repeater

For internal use

5 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

6 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

In a passive DAS system, rigid, large-diameter (typically 7/8

Simple to design, install can be complicated

For internal use

7 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

As of December 22nd 2011

Kathrein Tier 1 Approved Exist Exist + Aligned Antenna, RAA

Tongyu Tier 2 Preferred Exist Exist + Aligned Antenna, RAA

RFS Tier 1 Approved Exist Exist Cables and Connectors

Leoni Tier 2 Preferred Exist Exist Cables and Connectors

Hansen Tier 2 Approved Exist Exist Feeder Cables Only

Cable Types Preference

Aluminium Cables Preferred

Copper Cables Approved

Recommended to use the existing NSN global portfolio components.

For internal use

8 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

Simple to install, design can be complex

For internal use

9 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

10 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

11 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

12 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

Outdoor to indoor IBS /

For internal use

13 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

Antennas Omni and directional panel

For internal use

14 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

For internal use

15 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011 Dept. / Author / Date

Typically ceiling mounted

For internal use

16 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

Typically wall mounted

For internal use

17 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011

2 Types (modified corrugated,

Note: similar to a standard coax cable, either a dummy load (resistance) or