Q(3). A 100 kg mixture of 27.8% of acetone (A) and 72.

2% of chloroform (B) by mass is to be batch

extracted with a mixed solvent at 25C (298 K). The mixed solvent of an unknown composition
is known to contain water(s1) and acetic acid (s2). The mixer of the original mixer and the mixed solvent is
shaken well allowed to attain equilibrium, and separated into two layers. The composition the two layers
are given below.

Composition, Mass %
Layer A B S1 S2
Upper layer 7.5 3.5 57.4 31.6
Lower layer 20.3 67.3 2.8 9.6

Solution
Basis 100 kg of original mixture
The mixture contains 27.5 kg of A and 72.2 kg of B.
Let x AND y be the amount of upper and Lower Layers, respectively. According to the principle of degrees of
freedom, equation are required to find the unknowns.
Total mixture = (x+y)kg
Balance of A: 0.075x + 0.203y =27.8
Balance of B: 0.035x + 0.673y =72.2
Solving the eq (1) and (2) by elimination,
X=93.42 kg and Y=102.42 kg
 Total mixture =93.42 +102.42 =195.84 kg
Mixed solvent = 195.84 -100 =95.84 kg
Mass-ratio of mixed solvent to the original mixture =94.84/100 =0.9584
Balance of water (S1)
total S1 in the system = 93.42*0.574 +102.42*0.028 = 56.49 kg
Balance of Acetic acid (s2)
total s2 in the system = 93.42 * 0.316 + 102.42 * 0.096 = 39.35 Kg
Quantity of the solvent = 56.49 +39.35 = 95.84 Kg
% S1 in the mixed solvent = (56.49/95.84) * 100 =58.94
% S2 in the mixwd solvent = 100 -58.94 =41.06
Q (2). The analysis of a sample of babul bark (of northern India) yields 5.8% moisture, 12.6% tannin,
8.3% soluble non-tannin organic matter and the rest, lignin. In order to extract tannin out of the bark,
a counter-current extraction process is employed. The residue from thr extraction process I analysed
and found to contain 0.92% tannin and 0.65% solute non-tannin organic matter on dry basis. Find the
percentage of tannin recovered on the basis of the original tannin presentin the bark. All analysis are
given on mass basis.

Solution
Basis 100 kg of babul bark
It contains 5.8 kg of moisture, 12.6 kg of tannin and 8.3 kg of soluble non-tannin organic
material.
lignin in the bark = 100 - 5.8 - 12.6 - 8.3 =73.3 kg
In this leaching process, it is evident that lignin is unaffected. Therefore, it will be the considered
inert.
Since the analysis of the residue is given on a dry basis, its lignin content will be given given by
lignin content = 100 -0.92 -0.65 = 98.43 kg/100 kg dry residue
If the final mass of the dry residue is X kg,
X * 0.9843 = 73.3
 73.3
X= =74.47 kg
0.9843
Tannin present in the residue =74.47 *0.0092 = 0.685 kg
Tannin recovered = [12.6 (0.685)/12.6] *100 =94.56 %