BIBLIOGRAPHY

Plagiarism is a form of cheating or stealing. It is the unacknowledged use or

appropriation of another persons words or ideas.
How Do I Cite?
There are two parts to citing according to MLA
style:

1. Brief In-text citations (in parentheses) within the body of

your essay or paper

2. List of full citations in the Works Cited page at the end of

your paper

Note:
References cited in the text must appear in the Works
Cited.
Conversely, each entry in the Works Cited must be cited in
the text.
 What is a reference or citation?
A way of giving credit for someone's
thinking, writing or research
You mark the material when you use it (a
citation) and give the full identification at
the end (a reference)
In academic writing you are obliged to
attribute every piece of material you use
to its author
 What is a Bibliography
A bibliography is an orderly list of resources on a
particular subject

A bibliography provides the full reference

information for all the sources which you may have
consulted in preparing a particular project

The purpose of a bibliography is to allow the reader

to trace the sources used
 Distinguishing traits of a Bibliography

1. The authors name is listed in reverse order-surname first-for

the purpose of alphabetizing.

2. The entry is generally presented in hanging-indention form.

That is the second and subsequent lines of an entry begin at a uniform
distance to the right of the beginning point of the first line.

3. The entry gives the inclusive pages of articles, but not for books, and
does not refer to any one page or passage

4. Second and subsequent references to publications of the same author

are indicated by a uniform line.
 Standard Citation Styles Used in a
Bibliography
There are various formats used in the
creation of a bibliography such as the :
American Psychological Association (APA)
Modern Language Association of America
(MLA)
Chicago Manual of Style
Council of Biology Editors (CBE)
 The APA style of referencing is common in the
papers written on topics of social sciences. The MLA style is
used in field of humanities; and CBE is a popular citation
style in the natural sciences.
Examples
MLA Format (Book)
Author. Title of book: Subtitle. City of
Publication: Publisher, Year.
Arnold, Francis. Greece: Texas: Steck-
Vaughn, 1992.
 Most Citations Will Include:
For a book, most of this information
Author can be found on the title page and
obverse of the title page.
Title
Publication information
Format descriptor
Last Name, First Period Italicized Title

Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global

Period
Format descriptor
Warming. New York: Viking, 2007. Print.
Period
Year
Period
City Colon Publisher Comma
APA Format
Author's last name, first initial. (Publication
date). Book title. Additional information. City of
publication: Publishing company.

Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of

North America. Washington, D.C.: National
Geographic Society.
 Making a Bibliography
For a Book
Author. Title of the book, City: Publisher, Date
of publication.
Example
Godin, Seth. Purple cow: Transform your business by
being Remarkable. New York: Upper Saddle River, 2002.

For an Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia Title, Edition Date. Volume Number,
"Article Title," page numbers
Example
The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1997. Volume 7, Gorillas, pp 51-
55.
For a magazine
Author, "Article Title." Name of magazine. Volume
number, (Date): page numbers.

Example
Jordan, Jennifer, Filming on top of the world.
Museum of Science Magazine. Volume 7, (1998): pp-11.

For a Newspaper
Author, "Article Title. Name of newspaper, city, state
of publication. (date): edition if available, section, page
number(s).

Example
Powers, Ann, New Trends. The New York Times,
New York, NY. (3/1/98): Atlantic Region, Section 2, p-3.
 World Wide Web
URL (Uniform Resource Locator or WWW address). author (or item's name, if
mentioned), date.

Example
http://www.TheHindu.com.Todays news, August 1, 2012

Government Publications
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation. Healthy
Buildings, Healthy People: A vision for the 21st Century. October 2001.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/images/indoor_air_pollution.pdf.

Miscellaneous
Central Intelligence Agency. Commonwealth Of Independent States-Central
European States. Washington DC : Central Intelligence Agency, 2003. Map.