ME 69 - INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

CEMENT PRODUCTION

CRISANEE ANDREA A. BONITE

JEAN THERESE B. GALENDEZ
BSME-5
HISTORY
Lime and clay have been used as
cementing material on constructions
through many centuries.
Used by the Egyptians and then the
Romans, it was rediscovered in the
early 19th century.
Romans are commonly given the credit
for the development of hydraulic
cement, the most significant
incorporation of the Romans was the
use of pozzolan-lime cement by mixing
volcanic ash from the Mt. Vesuvius with
Pantheon in Rome
lime.
CEMENT
The cements have property of
setting and hardening under
water, by virtue of certain
chemical reaction with it and
are called hydraulic cements

Is a binder, a substance used in

construction that sets and
hardens and can bind other
materials together. Its principal
constituents for constructional
purpose are compounds of
Ca(calcareous) and Al + Si
(argillaceous).
CLASSIFICATION OF CEMENTS
Cements

Natural Cement

Slag Cement

Pozzolana Cement

Portland Cement
White Cement
Special Cements
Water proof Cement
RAW MATERIALS NEEDED
AND SOURCES
Sulfate

Gypsum
Anhydrite
Calcium sulfate
Chemical Composition of
Cement

Lime 63%
Silica 22%
Alumina 6%
Iron oxide 3%
Gypsum 1 to 4%
PRODUCTION
METHODS
1. DRY TYPE CEMENT PRODUCTION
METHOD
2. WET TYPE CEMENT PRODUCTION
METHOD
COMPARISON

DRY WET
 TWO STEP
PRODUCTION PROCESS
1. CLINKER PRODUCTION
2. CEMENT GRINDING
1

2
THANK
YU
NATURAL CEMENT

Misleadingly called Roman.

Made from argillaceous
limestones or interbedded
limestone and clay or
shale, with few raw
materials. Because they
were found to be inferior
to Portland cements, most
plants switched.
SLAG CEMENT

formed when granulated

blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
is ground to suitable
fineness and is used to
replace a portion of
Portland cement.
A recovered industrial by-
product of an iron blast
furnace.
POZZOLANA CEMENT

discovered by the Romans

and still used in some
countries, made by
grinding pozzolana (a type
of slag that may be either
natural i.e., volcanic or
artificial, from a blast
furnace) with powdered
hydrated lime.
PORTLAND CEMENT

It is the variety of artificial cement

an intimate and properly
proportioned mixture of
argillaceous (clay) and calcareous
(lime) raw materials, without the
addition of anything subsequent to
calcination, excepting the retarder
gypsum
In 1824 Joseph Aspdin from
England invented the Portland
cement.
WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT
(OR) WHITE CEMENT
Is white in color due to
absence of iron
compounds
Obtained by calcining
the raw materials of
Portland cement which
are free from iron oxide
WATER PROOF (OR) HYDROPHOBIC
CEMENT

Is a cement obtained by
adding water proofing
substances like calcium
stearate, aluminium stearate
and gypsum with tannic acid
to ordinary Portland cement
EQUIPMENT USED
 CRUSHER

A crusher is a machine
designed to reduce large
rocks into smaller rocks,
gravel, or rock dust.
Jaw crusher
Impact crusher
Cone crusher
Hammer crusher
 CONVEYOR

safely transport raw

materials from one
level to another.
durable and reliable
components used in
automated distribution
and warehousing.
 RAW MILL

A raw mill is the

equipment used to
grind raw materials
into raw mix" during
the manufacture of
cement.
 PRE-HEATER

The preheater tower

supports a series of vertical
cyclone chambers through
which the raw material pass
on their way to the kiln.
To save energy, modern
cement plants preheat the
materials before they
enters the kiln rising more
than 200feet
 CEMENT KILN

This is a long cylinder

rotating about its axis once
every minute or two.
The axis is inclined at a
slight angle, the end with
the burner being lower.
The kiln is made of a steel
casing lined with refractory
bricks.
Temperature range: 1400 C
to 1500 C
 CLINKER COOLER
Use the air blower to blow cold
air to quench the strati form
clinker on the grid plate, making
the temperature of the clinker
plunge from 1200 to below
100.
Clinker Gypsum
CEMENT BALL MILL

A large rotating drum

containing grinding media -
normally steel balls.
The drum is generally divided
into two or three chambers,
with different size grinding
media.
As the clinker particles are
ground down, smaller media
are more efficient at reducing
the particle size still further.
 SILOS

Used to hold and

discharge cement and
other powder materials
such as additives.