COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]

It is the time when two or more components are available simultaneously.

These components can be derived by multiplying their availability rates. The
availability rate can be represented as A.

For three components: = 1 2 3

The total time can be represented as the sum of the time when a component
is in trouble plus the remaining time that it is available. represents the
unavailable portion and A represents the availability rate, then + A = 1.
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Series Arrangement
The availability of the series system is the product of the
availabilities of the components.

1 2
= 1 2 = . =
1 +1 2 +2 +

Where and are the average uptime and downtime for the
series system
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Series Arrangement
The frequency of system failures is equal to the sum of the average
frequency of the events of component 1 failing while component 2
is operating plus the frequency of events of component 2 failing
when 1 is operating.
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Series Arrangement
The average uptime in terms of and is:

And

Where there reciprocal of mean time to failure can be designated as the failure rate .
= 1 + 2
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]

Note: is very small and can be practically neglected.

1 1 + 2 2
=

COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]

Note: is very small and can be practically neglected.

1 1 + 2 2
=

COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Parallel arrangement
For a parallel system, all paths must be simultaneously out so that no
power will flow. The composite outage rate is the product of rates
calculated for each path.
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Parallel arrangement
The frequency of the system failure is represented by

The equivalent average downtime or the duration of overlapping outage

is given by
COMBINATORIAL METHODS[UP]
Parallel arrangement
The equivalent average uptime or the mean time to failure is represented
by

Hence, the overlapping outage is